1、Designation: D 5048 03Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics andResistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a125-mm Flame1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scalelaborat
3、ory procedure for determining the relative burningcharacteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plasticsusing small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm(500-W nominal) flame.NOTE 1This test method and IEC 60695-11-20 are technicallyequivalent.NOTE 2For additional information on compa
4、rative burning character-istics of solid plastics in a vertical position, see Test Method D 3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materialsused for parts in devices and appliances. The results areintended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-ability with respect to fl
5、ammability for a particular application.The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its usein complete equipment that conforms with the standardsapplicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 isintended for quality assurance and the preselection of com
6、po-nent materials for products.1.4 This test method may be applied to other nonmetallicmaterials if found to be appropriate.1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics whenused as materials for building construction or finishing.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe therespons
7、e of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire riskassessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actualfire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of
8、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1 for aspecific hazard statement.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
9、STM Standards:D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2D 3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burn-ing Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position3D 5025 Specification for a Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials4D 5207 Practice for Calibration
10、of 20 and 125-mm TestFlames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materi-als4E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards5E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method62.2 IEC Standard:7IEC 60695-11-20 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11-20: TestFlames - 500 W F
11、lame Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to plastics, the defini-tions in this test method are in accordance with TerminologyD 883. For terms relating to fire, the definitions used in this testmethod are in accordance with Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific t
12、o This Standard:3.2.1 afterflamepersistence of flaming of a material, afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 afterflame timethe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame, under specified conditions, afterthe ignition source has been removed.1This test method is under the jurisdi
13、ction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 5048 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.0
14、1.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.7Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) areavailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI
15、), 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 afterglowpersistence of glowing of a material, aftercessation of
16、flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal ofthe ignition source.3.2.4 afterglow timethe length of time for which a mate-rial continues to glow under specified test conditions, after theignition source has been removed or cessation of flaming, orboth.3.2.5 burn-througha hole produced in the pla
17、que speci-men.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sets of 13 by 125-mm bar specimens and 150 by150-mm plaque specimens are subjected to a 125-mm flamewith a 40-mm inner blue cone, for five 5-s flame applications.The afterflame plus afterglow time for the bar specimen isrecorded after removal of the fifth f
18、lame application. Informa-tion is recorded on whether or not flaming material drips fromthe specimens, and whether or not the plaque specimensexhibit burn-through.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test results represent afterflame plus afterglow time,in seconds, for a material under the conditions of t
19、he test. Thetest results for plaques also indicate whether or not thespecified flame will burn through a material.5.2 The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, dete-rioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measur-able.5.3 The burning characteristics may vary with thickness.T
20、est data should only be compared with data for materials ofcomparable thickness.5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing therelative performance of materials and can be an aid in materialselection.5.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected tospecific laboratory test conditions. I
21、f different test conditionsare substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it willnot always be possible by or from this test method to predictchanges in the fire-test-response characteristics measured.Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposureconditions described in thi
22、s test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosure or laboratory hood with aminimum capacity of approximately 0.5 m3, free of induced orforce draft during test. An enclosed laboratory hood with aheat-resistant glass window and an exhaust fan for removingthe products of combustion after the tests
23、are recommended.Laboratory hoods may have induced drafts, even with theexhaust fan off. A positive closing damper may be needed.WarningProducts of combustion may be toxic. An exhaustfan is recommended for removing the products of combustionimmediately after the test.NOTE 3It has been suggested that
24、for samples which display extendedafterflame times, a hood of 1.0 m3or greater may be necessary to ensurean adequate supply of oxygen to the burning sample. If the oxygen supplyto the sample is less than adequate during testing, incorrect results may beobtained.6.2 Burner, tirrill type, as described
25、 in SpecificationD 5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustablefor vertical positioning of bar specimens and horizontal posi-tioning of plaque specimens.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gaswith suitable regulator and meter for uniform gas flow. Naturalgas having
26、 an energy density of approximately 37 mJ/m31000Btu/ft3 has been found to provide similar results. However,technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee gas incases of dispute.6.5 Burning Mounting Fixture, a fixture capable of position-ing the burner at an angle of 20 6 2 from the vertica
27、l.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.7 Cotton, a supply of absorbent 100 % cotton.6.8 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium chloride.6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of beingmaintained at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.6.10 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating air
28、ovencapable of being maintained at 70 6 1C.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, material shall besampled in accordance with good statistical practice.8. Test Specimens8.1 The standard bar specimen shall be 13 6 0.5 by 125 65 mm. The standard plaque specimen shall be 150 6 5by1506 5 mm. Bar a
29、nd plaque specimens shall be in the thicknessappropriate to the objectives of the determination. Materialsthicker than 13 mm should not be tested by this test method.8.2 Surfaces must be smooth and unbroken. Corner radiusmust not exceed 1.3 mm. Edges must be fine-sanded to removeburrs, saw marks, an
30、d residual filaments.8.3 The results of tests carried out on test specimens ofdifferent, colors, thicknesses, densities, molecular masses,directions of anisotropy and types, or with different additives,fillers/reinforcements can be different.8.3.1 Test specimens in the extremes of the densities, mel
31、tflows and fillers/reinforcements contents may be provided andconsidered representative of the range, if the results yield thesame flame test classification. If the burning characteristics arenot essentially the same for all specimens representing therange, the evaluation is to be limited only to th
32、e materials in thedensities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents tested.Additional test specimens in the intermediate densities, meltflows, and fillers/reinforcements contents are to be tested.8.3.2 Uncolored test specimens and test specimens with thehighest level of organic and inorgani
33、c pigment loading byweight are considered representative of the color range, if thetest results are essentially the same. When certain pigments areknown to affect flammability characteristics, they are also to betested. Test specimens to be tested are those that:(a) contain no coloring(b) contain th
34、e highest level of organic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affectflammability characteristicsD50480329. Conditioning9.1 Condition one set of five bar specimens and three plaquespecimens for at least 48 h at a temperature of
35、 23 6 2C anda relative humidity of 50 6 5 % prior to testing.9.2 Condition a second set of five bar specimens and threeplaque specimens in a circulating air oven for a duration of 168hat706 1C, and then cool in a desiccator over anhydrouscalcium chloride for at least4hatroom temperature prior totest
36、ing.9.3 All specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphereof 15 to 35C and 45 to 75 % relative humidity.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure ATest of Bar Specimens:10.1.1 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, orlaboratory hood free of induced or forced draft.10.1.2 Support a specimen from t
37、he upper 6 mm of thespecimen, with the longitudinal axis vertical, by the clamp onthe ring stand so that the lower end of the specimen is 300 610 mm above a horizontal layer of cotton, approximately 50 by50 mm, thinned to a maximum uncompressed thickness of 6mm, maximum weight of 0.08 g.NOTE 4To for
38、m the horizontal layer, a small portion (approximately13 by 25 mm of cotton may be pulled from the supply with the fingers andthen thinned and spread into a 50 by 50-mm square having a free-standingthickness of 6 mm.10.1.3 Place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite,and adjust it so that when
39、the burner is in a vertical position,the overall height of the flame is 125 mm, and the height of theinner blue cone is 40 mm. Support the burner on the inclinedplane of the mounting fixture so that the burner tube ispositioned at 20 6 5 from the vertical.NOTE 5See Practice D 5207 for recommended ba
40、ck pressure and flowrate for the gas supply and calibration procedure for the 125-mm flame.10.1.4 Apply the flame to one of the lower corners of thespecimen at an angle of 20 6 5 from the vertical, so that thetip of the blue cone touches the specimen (see Fig. 2). Applythe flame for 5 6 0.5 s and th
41、en remove the flame for 5 6 0.5s. Repeat this operation until the specimen has been subjectedto five applications of the test flame. If the specimen dripsparticles, shrinks, or elongates during the test, move the burnerso that the tip of the inner blue cone maintains contact with themajor portion of
42、 the specimen at the corner. It may benecessary to hand-hold the burner and fixture to accomplishthis. After the fifth removal of the test flame, record, inseconds, the total afterflame time and afterflame plus afterglowtimes. Note whether or not the specimen dripped flamingparticles that ignited th
43、e cotton.NOTE 6If necessary, conduct the test in subdued lighting to observeglowing.10.1.5 Repeat the procedure in 10.1.2-10.1.4 on the remain-ing specimens for each set, one set conditioned as described in9.1 and one set conditioned as described in 9.2.10.1.6 Calculate the arithmetic mean of the af
44、terflame timeand afterflame plus afterglow times for each set of fivespecimens.10.2 Procedure BTest of Plaque Specimens:10.2.1 Proceed as in 10.1.1.10.2.2 Support a plaque specimen at its edges so that it ishorizontal, using a clamp and ring stand or other equivalentmeans.10.2.3 Proceed as in 10.1.3
45、.10.2.4 Apply the flame to the center of the plaque at anangle of 20 6 5 from the vertical so that the tip of the innerblue cone touches the approximate center of the bottom surface(see Fig. 3). Apply the flame for 5 6 0.5 s and then remove theflame for 5 6 0.5 s. Repeat this operation until the pla
46、que hasbeen subjected to five applications of the test flame. It may benecessary to hand-hold the burner and fixture so that the tip ofthe inner blue cone maintains contact with the surface of theFIG. 1 Burner Mounting BlockExampleD5048033plaque. After the fifth removal of the test flame, note wheth
47、eror not the flame burned through the plaque.10.2.5 Repeat the procedure in 10.2.2-10.2.4 on the remain-ing plaques for each set, one set conditioned as described in 9.1and one set conditioned as described in 9.2.11. Report11.1 The complete report shall include the following infor-mation:11.1.1 Gene
48、ric description, manufacturer, commercial des-ignation, lot number, and color,FIG. 2 Procedure ATest of Bar SpecimensFIG. 3 Procedure BTest of Plaque SpecimensD504803411.1.2 Conditioning time at 23 6 2C, in hours, for speci-mens conditioned in accordance with 9.1,11.1.3 Cooling time in desiccator, i
49、n hours, for specimensconditioned in accordance with 9.2,11.1.4 Average thickness for each set,11.1.5 Total afterflame time and afterflame plus afterglowtimes after the fifth flame application for each specimen,11.1.6 Arithmetic means of afterflame time and afterflameplus afterglow times for each specimen set,11.1.7 Whether or not any of the specimens drip flamingparticles which ignite the cotton swatch, and11.1.8 Whether or not any of the plaques burn through afterthe fifth flame application.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Table 1 and Table 2 are based on a r
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