1、Designation: D5048 09D5048 14Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics andResistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a125-mm Flame1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale l
3、aboratory procedure for determining the relative burningcharacteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-Wnominal) flame.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20.NOTE 2For additional information on comparative
4、 burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position, see Test Method D3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intendedto serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammabili
5、ty for a particular application. The finalacceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to suchequipment.1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component
6、materials for products.1.4 If found to be appropriate, it is suitable to apply the requirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such application is outsidethe scope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or
7、finishing.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does no
8、t by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of th
9、is standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for a specific hazard statement.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD3801 Test Method for Measuring the Compar
10、ative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests onPlastic MaterialsE176 Term
11、inology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition appro
12、ved Sept. 1, 2009May 1, 2014. Published September 2009May 2014. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 asD5048 03.D5048 09. DOI: 10.1520/D5048-09.10.1520/D5048-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at
13、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versi
14、on. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes secti
15、on appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 IEC Standard:3IEC 60695-11-20 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11-20: Test Flames - 500 W Flame Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of
16、TermsFor definitions of terms relating to plastics, the definitions related to plastics used in thistest method are in accordance with method, refer to Terminology D883. For definitions of terms relating to fire, the definitionsrelated to fire used in this test method are in accordance with method,
17、refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflamepersistence of flaming of a material, after the ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 afterflame timethe length of time for which a material continues to flame, under specified conditions, after the ignitio
18、nsource has been removed.3.2.3 afterglowpersistence of glowing of a material, after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal of theignition source.3.2.4 afterglow timethe length of time for which a material continues to glow under specified test conditions, after the ignitionsour
19、ce has been removed or cessation of flaming, or both.3.2.5 burn-througha hole produced in the plaque specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sets of 13 13 6 0.5 mm by 125-mm125 6 5-mm bar specimens and 150 150 6 5 mm by 150-mm150 6 5-mm plaquespecimens are subjected to a 125-mm flame with a 40-mm40 6
20、2-mm inner blue cone, for five 5-s5-second flame applications.The afterflame plus afterglow time for the bar specimen is recorded after removal of the fifth flame application. Information isrecorded on whether or not flaming material drips from the specimens, and whether or not the plaque specimens
21、exhibitburn-through.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test results represent afterflame plus afterglow time, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test. The testresults for plaques also indicate whether or not the specified flame will burn through a material.5.2 The effect of material
22、thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.5.3 The burning characteristics vary with thickness. Compare test data with data for materials of similar thickness only.5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of
23、materials and can be an aid in material selection.5.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions aresubstituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predict chan
24、gesin the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditionsdescribed in this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosure or laboratory hood with a minimum capacity of 0.75 m3, free of induced or force draft during test.An
25、 enclosed laboratory hood with a heat-resistant glass window and an exhaust fan for removing the products of combustion afterthe tests are recommended. If a draft is noted with the exhaust fan off, further measures are needed to eliminate the draft, suchas adding a positive closing damper. The insid
26、e surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark color. When a light meter, facing towardsthe rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the light level shall be less than 20 lx.6.1.1 WarningProducts of combustion are toxic. An exhaust fan is recommended for removing the products
27、of combustionimmediately after the test.NOTE 3The amount of oxygen available to support combustion is important for the conduct of flame tests. When burning times are prolonged,chamber sizes less than 1.0 m3 do not consistently provide accurate results.NOTE 4Placing a mirror in the hood, to provide
28、a rear view of the test specimen, has been found useful.6.2 Burner, tirrill type, as described in constructed in accordance with Specification D5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustable for vertical positioning of bar specimens and horizontal positioningof plaque specimens.6.4
29、Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gas (min 98 % pure) with suitable regulator and meter for uniform gasflow. Natural gas having an energy density of approximately 37 mJ/m3 (1000 Btu/ft3) has been found to provide similar results.3 Publications of the International Electrotechnical Comm
30、ission (IEC) are available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, NewYork, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D5048 142However, technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee gas in cases of dispute. Other fuel gases, such as butane,propane, and acetylene,
31、have higher energy density and are not suitable.6.5 Burning Mounting Fixture, a fixture capable of positioning the burner at an angle of 20 6 25 from the vertical.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.seconds.6.7 Cotton, a supply of absorbent 100 % surgical cotton.6.8 Desiccator, containing anhydrous
32、 calcium chloride.chloride or other suitable drying agent, capable of maintaining a relativehumidity not exceeding 20 % at 23 6 2C.6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of being maintained at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.6.10 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating air oven c
33、apable of being maintained at 70 6 1C.2C.6.11 Micrometer, capable of being read to 0.01 mm.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, material shall be sampled in accordance with good statistical practice.8. Test Specimens8.1 The standard bar specimen shall be 13 6 0.5 by 125 6 5 mm. The standard
34、plaque specimen shall be 150 6 5 by 150 65 mm. Bar and plaque specimens shall be in the thickness appropriate to the objectives of the determination. Do not use this testmethod for materials thicker than 13 mm.8.2 Surfaces must be smooth and unbroken. Corner radius shall not exceed 1.3 mm.After any
35、cutting operation, remove all dustand any particles from the surface; cut edges are to have a smooth finish.8.3 The results of tests carried out on test specimens of different, colors, thicknesses, densities, molecular masses,weights,directions of anisotropy and types, orientation, or with different
36、 additives, fillers/reinforcements can be different.8.3.1 Test specimens in the extremes of the densities, melt flows and fillers/reinforcements contents are to be provided andconsidered representative of the range, if the results yield the same flame test classification. If the burning characterist
37、ics are notessentially the same for all specimens representing the range, the evaluation is to be limited only to the materials in the densities,melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents tested, or additional test specimens in the intermediate densities, melt flows, andfillers/reinforcements c
38、ontents are to be tested.8.3.2 UncoloredUnpigmented test specimens and test specimens with the highest level of organic and inorganic pigment loadingby weight are considered representative of the color range, if the test results are essentially the same. When certain pigments areknown to affect flam
39、mability characteristics, they are also to be tested. Test specimens to be tested are those that:(a) contain no coloringpigments (natural)(b) contain the highest level of organic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affect flamm
40、ability characteristics9. Conditioning9.1 Condition one set of five bar specimens and three plaque specimens for at least 48 h at a temperature of 23 6 2C and arelative humidity of 50 6 10 % prior to testing.9.2 Condition a second set of five bar specimens and three plaque specimens in a circulating
41、 air oven for a duration of 168 hat 7061C,2C, and then cool in a desiccator over anhydrous calcium chloride for at least 4 h at room temperature prior to testing.9.3 Upon removal from the conditioning environment, specimens shall be tested within 30 minutes.9.4 All specimens shall be tested in a lab
42、oratory atmosphere of 15 to 35C and 45 to 75 % 75 % relative humidity.9.5 Cotton shall be conditioned in the desiccator for at least 24 hours prior to use. Once removed from the desiccator, the cottonshall be used within 30 minutes.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure ATest of Bar Specimens:10.1.1 Conduct th
43、e burning test in a chamber, enclosure, or laboratory hood free of induced or forced draft.10.1.2 Support a specimen from the upper 6 mm of the specimen, with the longitudinal axis vertical, by the clamp on the ringstand so that the lower end of the specimen is 300 6 10 mm above a horizontal layer o
44、f cotton, approximately 50 by 50 mm,thinned to a maximum uncompressed thickness of 6 mm, maximum weight of 0.08 g.0.05 g to 0.08 grams.NOTE 5To form the horizontal layer, it is acceptable to pull a small portion (approximately 13 by 25 mm of cotton from the supply with the fingersand then thin and s
45、pread the cotton into a 50 by 50-mm square having a free-standing thickness of 6 mm.D5048 14310.1.3 Adjust the methane gas supply to the burner to produce a gas flow rate of 965965 6 30 mL/min with a back pressureof 125 6 25 mm water. Place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite, and adjust it
46、so that when the burner is in a verticalposition, the overall height of the flame is 125 6 10 mm, and the height of the inner blue cone is 40 6 2 mm. Support the burneron the inclined plane of the mounting fixture so that the burner tube is positioned at 20 6 5 from the vertical.10.1.4 Apply the fla
47、me to one of the lower corners of the specimen at an angle of 20 6 5 from the vertical, so that the tip ofthe blue cone is within 0 to 3 mm of the specimen edge without impinging into the specimen (see Fig. 2). Apply the flame for 56 0.5 sseconds and then remove the flame for 5 6 0.5 s.seconds. Repe
48、at this operation until the specimen has been subjected tofive applications of the test flame. If the specimen drips particles, shrinks, or elongates during the test, move the burner so thatthe tip of the inner blue cone maintains contact with the major portion of the specimen at the corner. When ne
49、cessary, hand-holdthe burner and fixture to accomplish this. After the fifth removal of the test flame, record, in seconds, the total afterflame time andafterflame plus afterglow times. Note whether or not the specimen dripped flaming particles that ignited the cotton.10.1.5 Repeat the procedure in 10.1.2 10.1.4 on the remaining specimens for each set, one set conditioned as described in 9.1and one set conditioned as described in 9.2.10.1.6 Calculate the arithmetic mean of the afterflame time and afterflame plus afterglow times for each set of
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