ASTM D5057-2010 Standard Test Method for Screening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Waste《废弃物的筛选表观比重和堆积密度的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D5057 10Standard Test Method forScreening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density ofWaste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparentspecific gravity and bulk density in waste. For the purpose ofthis test

3、 method, materials to be measured will be classifiedinto three groups:1.1.1 Group AFree-flowing liquids; apparent specificgravity (ASG),1.1.2 Group BGranules, powders and water reactive liq-uids, solids or sludges; bulk density (BD), and1.1.3 Group CBulk solids (such as gravel, paper or wood,etc.);

4、apparent specific gravity (ASG).1.2 This test method is designed and intended as a prelimi-nary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitativeanalytical techniques that may be used to determine specificgravity. This test method offers to the user the option and theability to screen waste for

5、 apparent specific gravity or bulkdensity when the more sophisticated techniques are not avail-able and the total waste composition is unknown.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standar

6、d to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steamin Closed Conduits3D1193 Spe

7、cification for Reagent WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer toTerminology D5681.3.2 De

8、finition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 screeninga preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test, developed from classical qualitative andquantitative techniques, that is designed to efficiently give theuser specific information about a waste that will aid indetermining waste identifica

9、tion, process compatibility, andsafety in handling.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The specific gravity of a material is the ratio of themasses of equal volumes of a waste and reagent water. Theapparent specific gravity of materials in Groups A and C isdetermined by comparing the mass of a sample to th

10、e mass ofthe same volume of reagent water. The bulk density of wastesin Group B is determined as a direct mass/volume ratio of thesample alone and should be used for determinations on waterreactive materials. The weights are used in determining mass.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is int

11、ended for use by those in thewaste management industries for the determination of apparentspecific gravity and bulk density of waste.5.2 The apparent specific gravity and bulk density deter-mined by this test method can be used for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to weights.5.3 The apparent specif

12、ic gravity and bulk density, whencorrelated with other properties, can be used to indicate thecharacter of the waste.6. Interferences6.1 Excessive temperatures causing loss of sample compo-nents due to vaporization could result in erroneous readings.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of AST

13、M Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5057-90(2006). DOI:10.1520/D5057-10.2For referenced

14、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenc

15、edon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Large, obvious void spaces interfere in this test methodand will give inaccurate results because of the false volumemeasured.7. Apparatus7.1 Weighing BottleSpecifi

16、c gravity bottle or equivalentcontainer is needed.7.2 Spatulas.7.3 Top Loader Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.01 g isrequired.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type IV of Specification D1

17、193.9. Hazards9.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of and skin and eye contactwith all hazardous materials.10. Sampling10.1 Collect the sample in accordance with SpecificationD1192 and Practices D3370 and D4057.NOTE 1Extreme temperature variations between the sample andreagent water should be avoided.11. Pro

18、cedure11.1 Make all weight measurements to nearest 0.01 g.11.2 Weigh the empty container (weighing bottle or specificgravity bottle) with lid on, and record weight as W.11.3 Fill the container with water and place lid on container.Wipe off excess water and weigh. Record weight of water-filled contai

19、ner as R.11.4 For free-flowing liquids (Group A):11.4.1 Fill the empty container (see 7.1) with sample.11.4.2 Place the lid on the container, pushing out excesssample through the hole.11.4.3 Wipe off excess sample.11.4.4 Weigh the sample-filled container with lid on, andrecord weight as S.11.5 For g

20、ranules, powders, and water reactive materials(Group B):11.5.1 Add as much of the sample to the weighed container(see 7.1) as possible without exerting pressure, filling thecontainer with sample but not allowing large void spaces (see6.2). The container may be tapped or lightly tamped.11.5.2 Place t

21、he lid on the container and weigh the sampleand bottle and record weight as S.11.6 For bulk solids such as gravel, paper or wood (GroupC):11.6.1 Add as much of the sample to the weighed container(see 7.1) as possible without exerting pressure. Place the lid onthe container and weigh and record weigh

22、t as S.11.6.2 Fill remaining space in the container with water andplace the lid on the container, taking care that air bubbles arenot trapped in the material or the container.11.6.3 Weigh and record weight of sample and water, incontainer with the lid on. Record weight as Q.NOTE 2The quantity Q-S ma

23、y be erroneously high due to the waterabsorbed by the solid sample.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the apparent specific gravity (ASG) or bulkdensity from the following equations, matching the appropriateequation with the procedure of choice for each group.12.1.1 For Group A materials:ASG 5S2W!R2W!(1)

24、where:W = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid), andS = weight of sample-filled container (with lid).12.1.2 For Group B materials:Bulk Density g/mL!5Y!S2W!R2W!(2)whereY = 1 g/mL, the conversion of mass/volume at 4C.12.1.3 For Group C materials:ASG 5S2W!

25、R2W! 2 Q2S!(3)whereQ = weight of sample and water-filled container.13. Report13.1 Report at a minimum the following information:13.1.1 Sample identification and group (A, B, or C),13.1.2 Date of test,13.1.3 Procedure applied, and13.1.4 Test results.14. Quality Assurance14.1 Instrument performance st

26、andards, quality controlcheck samples of appropriate matrices, and duplicates shouldbe performed at an action level specified by the laboratory andat an appropriate frequency.15. Precision and Bias15.1 The precision and bias has not been determined due tothe variability of the sample matrix.16. Keyw

27、ords16.1 density; specific gravity; waste screeningD5057 102ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pa

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29、ther for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair

30、 hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this stan

31、dard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5057 103