ASTM D5058-1990(2007) Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste《废弃物的筛选分析兼容性的试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 5058 90 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Methods forCompatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover assessment of thecompatibility/reactivity of waste. The individual test methodsare as follows

3、:SectionsTest Method ACommingled Waste Compatibility 8-12Test Method BPolymerization Potential (Reaction withTriethylamine) 13-18Test Method CWater Compatibility 19-251.2 These test methods are applicable to waste liquids,sludges, semi-solids, and solids.1.3 These test methods are designed and inten

4、ded as apreliminary or supplementary test to complement the moresophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that should beused to determine waste composition and compatibilities. Thisstandard offers the user the option and the ability to screenwastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the

5、 moresophisticated techniques are not available and the total wastecomposition is unknown and to screen compatibility when thecomposition is known. (WarningDelayed or slow reactionsof wastes may go unnoticed.)1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in pa

6、rentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limita

7、tions prior to use. For specific hazardand warning statements, see Sections 1.3, 6.1, 10, 11.2.3,11.5.2, 16 and 23.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, a

8、nd Stor-age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis3. Terminology3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 screeninga preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test, developed from classical qualitative andquantitative techniques, that is designed to efficiently give t

9、heuser specific information about a waste that will aid indetermining waste identification, process compatibility, andsafety in handling.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Test Method A Representative samples of waste areadded to each other. The generation of heat or violent reactionis noted. In addition

10、, the production of mists, fumes, dusts,gases, layering, polymerization, precipitation, emulsification orincrease in viscosity and other chemical or physical changesare noted.4.2 Test Method B Reactivity of wastes is determined byadding an aliquot of a sample to an equal volume of reagentand observi

11、ng any characteristic reaction, such as temperatureincrease, gas evolution, gelling, or polymerization.4.3 Test Method C Water and the waste are mixed in anapproximate 10 + 1 ratio to test for compatibility. A thermom-eter is used to measure heat generation when applicable.Qualitative solubility and

12、 relative apparent density are ob-served concurrently.5. Purity of Reagents5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemica

13、l Society, wheresuch specifications are available.3Other grades may be usedprovided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination (see Practice E 200).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM

14、Committee D34 onWaste Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5058-90(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th

15、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3“Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,”Am. Chemi-cal Soc., Washington, DC. For

16、 suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bytheAmerican Chemical Society, see “Reagent Chemicals and Standards,” by JosephRosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, NY, and the “United StatesPharmacopeia.”1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

17、 PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, refer-ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water asdefined by Type III of Specification D 1193.6. Sampling6.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of or skin contact with anyhazardous waste.6.2 Obtain representative sampl

18、es of waste. If compositesamples are taken, report any generation of heat, gases or solidsduring compositing. If reactions are observed during compos-iting, then individual samples should be taken. If the waste issuspected of containing varying proportions of reactive com-pounds, take individual sam

19、ples and conduct tests on eachsample.6.3 Allow all samples to stabilize to room temperature andanalyze as soon as possible.6.4 Always perform this procedure in a hood with the sashdown as far as possible.7. Quality Assurance7.1 Thermometers are evaluated and verified at a frequencyspecified by the l

20、aboratory (see Specification E1).7.2 Care is taken to ensure that samples are representative ofthe total wastes involved.TEST METHOD ACOMMINGLED WASTECOMPATIBILITY8. Significance and Use8.1 This test method is intended for use by those in thewaste management industries to aid in determining the com-

21、patibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.9. Apparatus9.1 Graduated Cylinders, 100 mL.9.2 Thermometer, 20 to 110C or equivalent with 0.5Cdivisions.9.3 Disposable Pipet.9.4 Spatula.9.5 Beakers, 500 mL.9.6 Funnels.9.7 Vortex Mixer (optional).10. Hazards10.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of a

22、nd skin and eye con-tact with any hazardous material.10.2 WarningThis procedure must be performed within alaboratory fume hood with the sash down as far as possible.10.3 WarningBy keeping the sample size small and byfirst screening for very reactive wastes, the overall hazard issmall. The small haza

23、rd is justified due to the much largerhazard of mishandling reactive waste at plant scale.11. Procedure11.1 Determine the total quantity A of the incoming waste tobe added to the storage or treatment unit.11.2 Determine the total quantity B of the waste in thestorage tank or treatment unit.11.2.1 Bo

24、th quantities A and B must be stated in the sameunits of measure; pounds or gallons are typically used.11.2.2 The waste in a tank can be estimated from the designvolume of the tank. The volume of a tank truck can bedetermined from the contents net weight and an estimate ofthe density.Avalue of 3.75

25、kg/L(8.34 lb/gal) can be used as anapproximate density for a wide range of aqueous wastes.11.2.3 The total volume of A and B, upon mixing, shouldnot exceed 300 mL. The initial volume A (150 mL) may beadjusted proportionally to accommodate total volume specifi-cation. (WarningPerform a pre-test using

26、 1 or 2 mL of eachsample to reduce the risk when mixing potentially highlyreactive wastes.)11.3 Place in a 500-mL beaker 150 mL of a representativesample from the storage tank or treatment unit.11.3.1 Measure the temperature, when applicable, of the testsample and remove the thermometer.NOTE 1High p

27、recision thermometers may be employed to providehigher sensitivity in temperature readings.11.4 Use the ratio A + B of wastes to determine the aliquot,V, in milliliters, of incoming waste to now be added. Use thefollowing equation:V 5 V A/B! (1)where V is the volume in milliliters used in step 11.3

28、(150mL), and A and B are as defined in 11.1 and 11.2 respectively.11.5 Slowly and very carefully add the aliquot V of incom-ing waste to the test sample volume V already in the beaker.11.5.1 The recommended rate of addition is approximately1 mL/s.11.5.2 While the addition is in progress, watch for a

29、dversereactions. (WarningIf a reaction is observed, stop theaddition immediately and report the observation.)11.6 If after adding the aliquot V of incoming waste noadverse reaction is observed, mix well and immediately mea-sure the temperature.11.6.1 Compare the temperature here with the temperature

30、measured in step 11.3.1. Record the difference, using ( + ) toindicate an increase and () to indicate a decrease in tempera-ture (see Note 1).NOTE 2Mixing the representative waste samples at equal proportionscan increase the sensitivity of reactivity and may be used as a substituteor in addition to

31、the test based on actual proportions.11.7 Record any generation of heat or violent reaction.Record the production of any mists, fumes, dust, or gases.Anylayering, polymerization, precipitation, emulsification, in-crease in viscosity, bubbling, foaming, solidification, spatter-ing, or other interacti

32、on of the commingled wastes must beobserved and recorded.11.8 If no reaction is observed, the waste passes the com-patibility test. If any reaction or temperature rise is observed,the incoming waste has failed the compatibility test and isreported.D 5058 90 (2007)212. Precision and Bias12.1 No state

33、ment is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since the result merely states whether thereis conformance to the criteria for success specified in theprocedure.TEST METHOD BPOLYMERIZATIONPOTENTIAL (REACTION WITHTRIETHYLAMINE)13. Significance and Use13.1 This test method is signif

34、icant to those in the wastemanagement industries.13.2 It is designed to screen wastes that have the potential ofundergoing hazardous polymerization when mixed with in-compatible waste streams.13.3 This test method can be used to detect potentialhazardous polymerization of waste containing or suspect

35、ed ofcontaining isocyanates such as methylene bis-phenyl isocyan-ate, methylene diisocyanate (MDI), or toluene diisocyanates(TDI).14. Apparatus14.1 White Ceramic Spotplate.14.2 Disposable Transfer Pipets.14.3 Spatula.14.4 10-mL Graduated Cylinder, with stopper.14.5 Thermometer, 20 to 110C or equival

36、ent with 0.5Cdivisions.15. Reagents and Materials15.1 Triethylamine (CH) N.16. Hazards16.1 Use triethylamine in the hood and avoid exposure.16.2 With samples that do not contain any reactive com-pounds, this test procedure does not present any other specialhazards. However, samples that are reactive

37、 will fail this testand some reaction will result. The reaction could be severe.16.3 WarningBy keeping the sample size small and byfirst screening for very reactive wastes, the overall hazard issmall. The small hazard is justified due to the much largerhazard of mishandling reactive waste at plant s

38、cale.17. Procedure17.1 Conduct the following procedure in a fume hood:17.1.1 Place approximately 1 mLof triethylamine reagent inthe cavity of a ceramic spotplate.17.1.2 Place approximately 1 mL of sample in the spotplatecavity with reagent. Immediately lower hood sash as protectionagainst violent re

39、actions.17.1.3 Observe mixture for about 1 min and record anyreaction characteristics, such as gas evolution, fuming, char-ring, precipitation, gelling, polymerization, or burning.17.1.4 If any reaction characteristics are observed, thenmaterial is reactive and fails this test. Material which fails

40、thistest should not be tested using 17.2 or 17.3.17.2 Conduct the following procedure with special care in afume hood:17.2.1 Add about 5 mL of reagent to a 10-mL graduatedcylinder or disposable test tube.17.2.2 Carefully add 5 mL of sample to the cylinder,stopper, and invert several times or vortex

41、to mix well.Immediately remove stopper, insert the thermometer, andrecord temperature of mixture (see Note 1).17.2.3 Continue to monitor temperature of mixture forseveral minutes. Observe and record any reaction characteris-tics, such as temperature increase, gas evolution or gelling.Note that gas e

42、volution may be observed as tiny bubbles thatconsistently rise to surface (see 17.3).17.2.4 If temperature increases significantly or any reactioncharacteristics are observed, then material is reactive and failsthis test. Material which fails this test should not be testedusing 17.3.17.3 If gas evol

43、ution is difficult to observe during 17.2,conduct the following procedure with special care in a fumehood:17.3.1 Add about 5 mL of reagent to 10-mL graduatedcylinder or disposable test tube.17.3.2 Carefully add 5 mL of sample to the cylinder,stopper, and invert several times or vortex to mix well.Im

44、mediately remove stopper and restopper. Lower hood sashas protection against violent reaction.17.3.3 After several minutes, carefully remove stopper andobserve mixture for gas evolution. Gas evolution will beobserved as immediate venting or bubbles at surface, similar toopening a carbonated drink.17

45、.3.4 If gas evolution is observed, then material is reactiveand fails this test. If no gas evolution or other signs of reactionare observed, the material has passed the test.17.3.5 Record observations.18. Precision and Bias18.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test meth

46、od since the result merely states whether thereis conformance to the criteria for success specified in theprocedure.TEST METHOD CWATER COMPATIBILITY19. Significance and Use19.1 This test method is intended for use by those in thewaste management industries.19.2 This test method is used to determine

47、whether a wastehas the potential to generate extreme heat or violent reactions,and produce fumes, dusts, gases, or other products when mixedwith water.19.3 This test method is designed to determine watercompatibility of a waste.19.4 This test method can be used to qualitatively judge thesolubility a

48、nd apparent density of waste (if immiscible) relativeto water.20. Interferences20.1 The generation of colorless fumes or gases, pressurebuildup without visible bubbling, mild effervescence, or heatmay go undetected.D 5058 90 (2007)321. Apparatus21.1 Disposable Beakers, test tubes, or similar equipme

49、nt.21.2 Disposable Pipet (5-mL capacity).21.3 Spatula.21.4 Thermometer, 20 to 110C or equivalent with 0.5Cdivisions.21.5 Vortex Mixer (optional).22. Reagents and Materials22.1 Reagent Water.23. Hazards23.1 Avoid inhalation of and skin and eye contact with anyhazardous waste.23.2 This procedure must be performed within a laboratoryfume hood with the sash down as far as possible.23.3 WarningBy keeping the sample size small and byfirst screening for very reactive wastes, the overall hazard issmall. The small hazard is justified due to the much largerhazar