ASTM D5058-2012 Standard Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste 《废弃物的筛选分析兼容性的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation:D505890 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Methods for Designation: D5058 12Standard Practices forCompatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or

2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods practices cover assessment of the compatibility/reactivity o

3、f waste. The individual test methodspracticesare as follows:SectionsTest Method ACommingled Waste Compatibility 8-12Practice ACommingled Waste Compatibility 8-12Test Method BPolymerization Potential (Reaction withPractice BPolymerization Potential (Reaction withTriethylamine) 13-18Test Method CWater

4、 Compatibility 19-25Practice CWater Compatibility 19-251.2 These test methodspractices are applicable to waste liquids, sludges, semi-solids, and solids.1.3 These test methodspractices are designed and intended as a preliminary or supplementary test to complement the moresophisticated quantitative a

5、nalytical techniques that should be used to determine waste composition and compatibilities. Thisstandard offers the user the option and the ability to screen wastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the more sophisticatedtechniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown

6、 and to screen compatibility when the composition isknown. (WarningDelayed or slow reactions of wastes may go unnoticed.)1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded

7、as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stan

8、dard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see Sections 1.3, 6.1, 10, 11.2.3, 11.5.2, 16 and 23.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent

9、 WaterD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis3. Terminology3.13.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this screeni

10、ng practice, refer to Terminology D5681.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:1These test methods practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05on Screening Methods.Current edition approved Feb. 1,

11、 2007. Published March 2007. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5058-90(2001). DOI:10.1520/D5058-90R07.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5058-90 (2007). DOI:10.1

12、520/D5058-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is int

13、ended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curr

14、ent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.13.2.1 screeninga preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test, developed from classica

15、l qualitative and quantitativetechniques, that is designed to efficiently give the user specific information about a waste that will aid in determining wasteidentification, process compatibility, and safety in handling.4. Summary of Test Methods Summary of Practices4.1 Test Method APractice A Repres

16、entative samples of waste are added to each other. The generation of heat or violentreaction is noted. In addition, the production of mists, fumes, dusts, gases, layering, polymerization, precipitation, emulsificationor increase in viscosity and other chemical or physical changes are noted.4.2 Test

17、Method BPractice B Reactivity of wastes is determined by adding an aliquot of a sample to an equal volume ofreagent and observing any characteristic reaction, such as temperature increase, gas evolution, gelling, or polymerization.4.3 Test Method CPractice C Water and the waste are mixed in an appro

18、ximate 10 + 1 ratio to test for compatibility. Athermometer is used to measure heat generation when applicable. Qualitative solubility and relative apparent density are observedconcurrently.5. Purity of Reagents5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwis

19、e indicated, it is intended that allreagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where suchspecifications are available.3Other grades may be used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purityto per

20、mit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination (see Practice E200).5.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined byType III of Specification D1193.6. Sampling6.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of or skin contact wit

21、h any hazardous waste.6.2 Obtain representative samples of waste. If composite samples are taken, report any generation of heat, gases or solids duringcompositing. If reactions are observed during compositing, then individual samples should be taken. If the waste is suspected ofcontaining varying pr

22、oportions of reactive compounds, take individual samples and conduct tests on each sample.6.3 Allow all samples to stabilize to room temperature and analyze as soon as possible.6.4 Always perform this procedure in a hood with the sash down as far as possible.7. Quality Assurance7.1 Thermometers are

23、evaluated and verified at a frequency specified by the laboratory (see Specification E1).7.2 Care is taken to ensure that samples are representative of the total wastes involved.TEST METHOD ACOMMINGLED WASTE COMPATIBILITYPRACTICE ACOMMINGLED WASTE COMPATIBILITY8. Significance and Use8.1 This test me

24、thodpractice is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in determining thecompatibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.9. Apparatus9.1 Graduated Cylinders, 100 mL.9.2 Thermometer, 20 to 110C or equivalent with 0.5C divisions.9.3 Disposable Pipet.9.4 Spatul

25、a.9.5 Beakers, 500 mL.9.6 Funnels.9.7 Vortex Mixer (optional).10. Hazards10.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of and skin and eye contact with any hazardous material.10.2 WarningThis procedure must be performed within a laboratory fume hood with the sash down as far as possible.3“ReagentReagent Chemicals, A

26、merican Chemical Society Specifications,” Am. Chemical Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bytheAmerican Chemical Society, see “Reagent Reagent Chemicals and Standards,” by Joseph Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., NewYork, NY, and the “United United StatesPhar

27、macopeia.”D5058 12210.3 WarningBy keeping the sample size small and by first screening for very reactive wastes, the overall hazard is small.The small hazard is justified due to the much larger hazard of mishandling reactive waste at plant scale.11. Procedure11.1 Determine the total quantity A of th

28、e incoming waste to be added to the storage or treatment unit.11.2 Determine the total quantity B of the waste in the storage tank or treatment unit.11.2.1 Both quantities A and B must be stated in the same units of measure; pounds or gallons are typically used.11.2.2 The waste in a tank can be esti

29、mated from the design volume of the tank. The volume of a tank truck can be determinedfrom the contents net weight and an estimate of the density. A value of 3.75 kg/L (8.34 lb/gal) can be used as an approximatedensity for a wide range of aqueous wastes.11.2.3 The total volume of A and B, upon mixin

30、g, should not exceed 300 mL. The initial volume A (150 mL) may be adjustedproportionally to accommodate total volume specification. (WarningPerform a pre-test using 1 or 2 mL of each sample toreduce the risk when mixing potentially highly reactive wastes.)11.3 Place in a 500-mL beaker 150 mL of a re

31、presentative sample from the storage tank or treatment unit.11.3.1 Measure the temperature, when applicable, of the test sample and remove the thermometer.NOTE 1High precision thermometers may be employed to provide higher sensitivity in temperature readings.11.4 Use the ratio A + B of wastes to det

32、ermine the aliquot, V, in milliliters, of incoming waste to now be added. Use thefollowing equation:V 5 V A/B! (1)where V is the volume in milliliters used in step 11.3 (150 mL), and A and B are as defined in 11.1 and 11.2 respectively.11.5 Slowly and very carefully add the aliquot V of incoming was

33、te to the test sample volume V already in the beaker.11.5.1 The recommended rate of addition is approximately 1 mL/s.11.5.2 While the addition is in progress, watch for adverse reactions. (WarningIf a reaction is observed, stop the additionimmediately and report the observation.)11.6 If after adding

34、 the aliquot V of incoming waste no adverse reaction is observed, mix well and immediately measure thetemperature.11.6.1 Compare the temperature here with the temperature measured in step 11.3.1. Record the difference, using ( + ) to indicatean increase and () to indicate a decrease in temperature (

35、see Note 1).NOTE 2Mixing the representative waste samples at equal proportions can increase the sensitivity of reactivity and may be used as a substitute or inaddition to the test based on actual proportions.11.7 Record any generation of heat or violent reaction. Record the production of any mists,

36、fumes, dust, or gases.Any layering,polymerization, precipitation, emulsification, increase in viscosity, bubbling, foaming, solidification, spattering, or other interactionof the commingled wastes must be observed and recorded.11.8 If no reaction is observed, the waste passes the compatibility test.

37、 If any reaction or temperature rise is observed, theincoming waste has failed the compatibility test and is reported.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias of this test method practice since the result merely states whetherthere is conformance to the crit

38、eria for success specified in the procedure.TEST METHODPRACTICE BPOLYMERIZATION POTENTIAL (REACTION WITH TRIETHYLAMINE)13. Significance and Use13.1 This test methodpractice is significant to those in the waste management industries.13.2 It is designed to screen wastes that have the potential of unde

39、rgoing hazardous polymerization when mixed withincompatible waste streams.13.3 This test methodpractice can be used to detect potential hazardous polymerization of waste containing or suspected ofcontaining isocyanates such as methylene bis-phenyl isocyanate, methylene diisocyanate (MDI), or toluene

40、 diisocyanates (TDI).14. Apparatus14.1 White Ceramic Spotplate.14.2 Disposable Transfer Pipets.14.3 Spatula.14.4 10-mL Graduated Cylinder, with stopper.14.5 Thermometer, 20 to 110C or equivalent with 0.5C divisions.15. Reagents and Materials15.1 Triethylamine (CH) NTriethylamine (CH2CH3)3N.D5058 123

41、16. Hazards16.1 Use triethylamine in the hood and avoid exposure.16.2 With samples that do not contain any reactive compounds, this test procedure does not present any other special hazards.However, samples that are reactive will fail this test and some reaction will result. The reaction could be se

42、vere.16.3 WarningBy keeping the sample size small and by first screening for very reactive wastes, the overall hazard is small.The small hazard is justified due to the much larger hazard of mishandling reactive waste at plant scale.17. Procedure17.1 Conduct the following procedure in a fume hood:17.

43、1.1 Place approximately 1 mL of triethylamine reagent in the cavity of a ceramic spotplate.17.1.2 Place approximately 1 mL of sample in the spotplate cavity with reagent. Immediately lower hood sash as protectionagainst violent reactions.17.1.3 Observe mixture for about 1 min and record any reaction

44、 characteristics, such as gas evolution, fuming, charring,precipitation, gelling, polymerization, or burning.17.1.4 If any reaction characteristics are observed, then material is reactive and fails this test. Material which fails this testshould not be tested using 17.2 or 17.3.17.2 Conduct the foll

45、owing procedure with special care in a fume hood:17.2.1 Add about 5 mL of reagent to a 10-mL graduated cylinder or disposable test tube.17.2.2 Carefully add 5 mL of sample to the cylinder, stopper, and invert several times or vortex to mix well. Immediatelyremove stopper, insert the thermometer, and

46、 record temperature of mixture (see Note 1).17.2.3 Continue to monitor temperature of mixture for several minutes. Observe and record any reaction characteristics, suchas temperature increase, gas evolution or gelling. Note that gas evolution may be observed as tiny bubbles that consistently riseto

47、surface (see 17.3).17.2.4 If temperature increases significantly or any reaction characteristics are observed, then material is reactive and fails thistest. Material which fails this test should not be tested using 17.3.17.3 If gas evolution is difficult to observe during 17.2, conduct the following

48、 procedure with special care in a fume hood:17.3.1 Add about 5 mL of reagent to 10-mL graduated cylinder or disposable test tube.17.3.2 Carefully add 5 mL of sample to the cylinder, stopper, and invert several times or vortex to mix well. Immediatelyremove stopper and restopper. Lower hood sash as p

49、rotection against violent reaction.17.3.3 After several minutes, carefully remove stopper and observe mixture for gas evolution. Gas evolution will be observedas immediate venting or bubbles at surface, similar to opening a carbonated drink.17.3.4 If gas evolution is observed, then material is reactive and fails this test. If no gas evolution or other signs of reaction areobserved, the material has passed the test.17.3.5 Record observations.18. Precision and Bias18.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias of this test method practi