1、Designation: D 5088 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forDecontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equip-ment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, su
3、rfacewater, and ground water at waste sites which are to undergoboth physical and chemical analyses.1.2 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical(organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern. It is not intendedfor use at radiological, mixed (chemical and radiological), orbiohazard site
4、s.1.3 Procedures are included for the decontamination ofequipment which comes into contact with the sample matrix(sample contacting equipment) and for ancillary equipmentthat has not contacted the portion of sample to be analyzed(non-sample contacting equipment).1.4 This practice is based on commonl
5、y recognized methodsby which equipment may be decontaminated. The proceduresdescribed for sample contacting equipment are commonlyprescribed, however there is a minimum of scientific data thatsupports these methods (Mickam et al. 19892, Parker34, 1995).Therefore the user is reminded of the importanc
6、e of QA/QCsamples that document decontamination effectiveness and thatthese samples can be used to modify or enhance decontamina-tion techniques. Decontamination at radiologically contami-nated sites should refer to Practice D 5608.1.5 This practice is applicable to most conventional sam-pling equip
7、ment constructed of metallic and synthetic materi-als. The manufacturer of a specific sampling apparatus shouldbe contacted if there is concern regarding the reactivity of adecontamination rinsing agent with the equipment.1.6 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series o
8、f options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable inall circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended torepresent or rep
9、lace the standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without consideration of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the documents has beenapproved through the ASTM c
10、onsensus process1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safetyproblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Doc
11、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:5D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contaminantan undesirable substance not normallypresent or an unusually high conc
12、entration of a naturallyoccurring substance in water or soil.3.1.2 control rinse waterwater used for equipment wash-ing and rinsing having a known chemistry.3.1.3 decontaminationthe process of removing or reduc-ing to a known level undesirable physical or chemical constitu-ents, or both, from a samp
13、ling apparatus to maximize therepresentativeness of physical or chemical analyses proposedfor a given sample.3.1.4 non-sample contacting equipmentrelated equipmentassociated with the sampling effort, but that does not directlycontact the sample (for example, augers, drilling rods, excava-tions machi
14、nery).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water andVadose Zone Investigations .Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous editi
15、on approved in 2002 as D 5088 02.2Mickam, J. T., Bellandi, R., and Tifft, Jr., E. C., Equipment DecontaminationProcedures for Ground Water and Vadose Zone Monitoring Programs: Status andProspects, Ground Water Monitoring Review, Vol 9, No. 2, 1989, pp. 100121.3Parker, L. V., A Literature Review on D
16、econtaminating Groundwater SamplingDevices: Organic Contaminates, CRREL Report 9514, U.S. Army Cold RegionsResearch and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1996.4Parker, L. V., and Ranney, T. A., Decontamination Materials Used in Ground-water Sampling Devices, CRREL Special Report 9724, U.S. Army C
17、old RegionsResearch and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1997a.5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we
18、bsite.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)the ef-forts completed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of asampling or testing procedure, or both.3.1.6 sample contacting equ
19、ipmentequipment that comesin direct contact with the sample or portion of sample that willundergo chemical analyses or physical testing (for example,ground water well bailer, split-spoon sampler, soil gas sam-pling probe).3.1.7 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, seeTerminology D 6
20、53.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Two different procedures are presented for the decon-tamination of sample-contacting and non-sample contactingequipment. The procedures have been developed based on areview of current state and federal guidelines, as well as asummary of commonly employed procedures. In g
21、eneral,sample contacting equipment should be washed with a deter-gent solution followed by a series of control water, desorbingagents and deionized water rinses. Nonsample contactingequipment should be washed with a detergent solution andrinsed with control water. Although such techniques may bediff
22、icult to perform in the field, they may be necessary to mostaccurately evaluate low concentrations of the chemical con-stituent(s) of interest.4.2 Prior to initiating a field program that will involveequipment decontamination, a site specific equipment decon-tamination protocol should be prepared fo
23、r distribution to theindividuals involved with the particular sampling program.Information to be presented in the protocol should include:4.2.1 Site location and description,4.2.2 Statement of the sampling program objective anddesired precision and accuracy, that is, is sampling effort forgross qual
24、itative evaluation or for trace concentration, param-eter specific evaluations,4.2.3 Summary of available information regarding soiltypes, hydrogeology and anticipated chemistry of the materialsto be sampled,4.2.4 Listing of equipment to be used for sampling andmaterials needed for decontamination,4
25、.2.5 Detailed step by step procedure for equipment decon-tamination for each piece or type of equipment to be utilizedand procedures for rinse fluids containment and disposal asappropriate,4.2.6 Summary of QA/QC procedures and QA/QC samplesto be collected to document decontamination completenessincl
26、uding specific type of chemical analyses and their associ-ated detection limit, and4.2.7 Outline of equipment decontamination verificationreport.5. Significance and Use5.1 An appropriately developed, executed and documentedequipment decontamination procedure is an integral and essen-tial part of was
27、te site investigations. The benefits of its useinclude:5.1.1 Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a studyarea and from site to site,5.1.2 Reducing the potential for worker exposure by meansof contact with contaminated sampling equipment, and5.1.3 Improved data quality and reliability.5.2 Thi
28、s practice is not a substitute for a well-documentedQuality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Be-cause the ultimate test of a decontamination procedure is itsability to minimize erroneous data, a reasonable QA/QCprogram must be implemented.5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all wast
29、e sites.When a sampling effort is completed to determine only thegeneral range of chemical concentrations of interest lessrigorous decontamination procedures can be adequate. Inves-tigators should have the flexibility to modify the decontamina-tion procedures with due consideration for the samplingo
30、bjective or if QA/QC documentation supports alternativedecontamination methods.5.4 At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment todecontamination washes creates concern for the generation ofundesirable chemical by-products, the use of dedicated sam-pling equipment should be considered.5.5 Thi
31、s practice, where applicable, should be used before,between, and after the completion of sampling events.5.6 This practice is appropriate for use at sites wherechemical (organic and inorganic) contamination is known orexpected. The application of this practice to other types of sitesradiological, mi
32、xed (radiological and chemical), or biohazardcontaminated sites may not be applicable. The application ofthis practice to these types of sites should be undertaken withcare and consideration, along with QA/QC documentation thatsupports the effectiveness of these decontamination techniques.6. Reagent
33、s6.1 Detergent, non-phosphate detergent solution.66.2 Acid Rinse (inorganic desorbing agent), 10 % nitric orhydrochloric acid solution-made from reagent grade nitric orhydrochloric acid and deionized water (1 % is to be applied tolow-carbon steel equipment).6.3 Solvent Rinse (organic desorbing agent
34、), isopropanol,acetone, or methanol; pesticide grade.6.4 Control Rinse Water, preferably from a water system ofknown chemical composition.6.5 Deionized Water, organic-free reagent grade.7. Procedure for Sample Contacting Equipment7.1 At a minimum, sample contacting equipment should bewashed with a d
35、etergent solution and rinsed with control water.7.2 For programs requiring more rigorous decontaminationto meet the sampling or QA/QC objectives, the followingprocedures are indicated: Table 1 provides applications ofvarious solutions for decontamination of field equipment andmaterials. Table 2 prov
36、ides commonly recommended decon-tamination procedures for various equipment and materials,7.2.1 Wash with detergent solution, using a brush made ofinert material to remove any particles or surface film.6Liquinox or Detergent 8 or similar solution has been found suitable for thispurpose. Detergent 8
37、is recommended for spray cleaning.D 5088 02 (2008)27.2.1.1 For equipment that, because of internal mechanismor tubing cannot be adequately cleaned with a brush, thedecontamination solutions should be circulated through theequipment.7.2.2 Rinse thoroughly with control water.7.2.3 Rinse with an inorga
38、nic desorbing agent (may bedeleted if samples will not undergo inorganic chemical analy-sis). This rinse is effective only on non-metal surfaces.TABLE 1 Applications of Various Solutions for Decontaminationof Field Equipment and MaterialsA,B,CSolution Concentrations RemarksPortable Water Tap water (
39、demonstrated tobe analyte free)Used under high pressure or steam toremove heavy mud and dirt, or to rinse offother solutionsLaboratory-gradewaterDistilledDeionizedReagengrade distilled anddeionized waterLow sudsing non-phosphate detergents(Liquinox, Detergent 8)Typical concentrations are 0.5to 2% so
40、lution by volumeGeneral all-purpose cleaner.Detergent 8 is recommended for spraycleaning.Sodium carbonate(baking soda)5 to 15% aqueous solution Used to neutralize either acidic or stronglybasic contaminantsSodium carbonate(washing soda)10 to 20% aqueous solution Effective for neutralizing inorganic
41、acids,organic acids, heavy metals, metalprocessing wastes.Trisodium phosphate(TSP Oakite)10% aqueous solution Similar to sodium carbonate. Good rinsingsolution for organic compounds (such astoluene, chloroform, TCE, PBBs, andPCBs).Calcium hypochlorite(HTH)10% aqueous solution Disinfectant, bleaching
42、, and oxidizing agentfor pesticides, fungicides, chlorinatedphenols, dioxins, cyanides, ammonia andother non-acidic inorganic wastes.Hydrochloric acid,nitric acid10% nitric10% to 20% hydrochloricUsed for inorganic bases, alkali andcaustic wastesCitric, tartaric, oxalicacids or theirrespective salts5
43、% solution Used to clean heavy-metal contaminantsOrganic solvents Concentrated Used to remove organic compounds thathave poor solubility in water, such as oiland grease. do not use a solvent that isone of the analytes of interest or interfereswith analyses. Porous materials such aspolymers can absor
44、b these solvents.AExamples of commonly recommended cleaning solvents include pesticide-grade” isopropanol, acetone, methanol, hexane, heptane, and ethanol.BAdapted for Mickam et al. (1989), Moberly (1985), and Richter and Collentine(1983).CMany of the solvents listed are themselves hazardous materia
45、ls. Care shouldbe taken in both use and disposal of these materials.TABLE 2 Commonly Recommended Decontamination Procedures for Different Equipment and Different Materials of ConstructionA,BSoapyWaterWashTapWaterRinse10% NitricAcid RinseCOrganic-FreeWater RinseRinsewithSolventAir Dryfor24hOvenDrySto
46、re inAluminumFoil orPolyethyleneDiscardAfterUseGlass 1 2,4 3 5 6D78Teflon 1 2,4 3 5 6EMetals and Stainless Steel 1 2 3 4D56Teflon Tubing 1 2 3E4F5PVC Tubing Use Only New PVC Tubing 1Stainless Tubing 1 2 3 4DGlass Tubing 1 2,4 3 5 6D73Well Sounders 1 2 3Submersible Pumps 1 2 3AThese procedures are ba
47、sed on commonly recommended practices. It should be noted that there is not a lot of experimental data to support some of these practices.Mickam et al., 1989, Parker 1995, Parker and Ranney 1997a, 1997b.BSampling equipment that employs a process whereby potentially contaminated material passes throu
48、gh internal mechanical workings (pump, houisng, impellers, etc.)can be very difficult to decontaminate. This should be considered when identifying an appropriate decontamination procedure for equipment with internal sample contactingparts.CThis step is used in removing inorganic contaminants and can
49、 be eliminated if they are not of concern.DData by Parker and Ranney 1997a, 1997b should show that solvent rinsing may not be needed.EData by Parker and Ranney 1997a, 1997b, show that oven drying may be more effective than an organic solvent rinse for removing sorbed organic contaminants.FExcessive heat that could damage the polymer should not be used. Check manufacturers recommendations for heat tolerance.D 5088 02 (2008)37.2.4 Rinse with control water.7.2.5 Rinse with organic desorbing agent (may be deleted ifsamples will not undergo organic chemical analyses).7.2.6 R
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