1、Designation: D 5207 09Standard Practice forConfirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) TestFlames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the confirmation of test flames forsmall-scale burning tes
3、ts on plastic materials using the labora-tory burner described in Specification D 5025. Back pressuresand flow rates for methane, propane, and butane supply gasesare given for specific test flames. This practice describes aprocedure to confirm the heat evolution of the test flame.1.2 The values stat
4、ed in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the mate
5、rials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.NOTE 1There is no similar ISO standard. This practice is equivalentin technical content to, but not fully corresponding in presentation with,the confirmatory procedures of IEC/TS 60695-11-3, Method A and IEC/TS 60695-11-4, Method A.1.4 Fire
6、testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appr
7、o-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationD 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burnin
8、g Tests on Plastic MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE 608 Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-SheathedBase Met
9、al Thermocouples2.2 IEC Standards:3IEC/TS 60695-11-3 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11: TestFlames-Section 3: 500 W Flames: Apparatus and Confir-mational Test MethodsIEC/TS 60695-11-4 Ed. 2: Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11: TestFlames-Section 4: 50 W Flame: Apparatus and Confirma-tional Test Methods3. Termino
10、logy3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology D 883.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A test flame of specified height and color is obtainedwith gas supplied at a suggested back pressure and flow rate. Athermal sensor is then positioned over the flame, and the time
11、for the temperature of the sensor to increase from 100 to 700Cis determined. The time is used to confirm the heat-evolutionprofile of the test flame.5. Significance and Use5.1 The flame height and color (indicative of air-to-gasratio) for a test flame have traditionally been specified in theindividu
12、al test method. The energy content of the flame hasalso been addressed by reference to a specific supply gas. It hasbeen determined that the supply-gas back pressure and flowrate can be varied without affecting the height and color of theflame. However, the energy content of the flame is affected.Th
13、is practice provides the back pressure and flow rate of thesupply gas for a 20-mm (50W) and a 125-mm (500W) testflame, and a procedure for confirming the heat-flux profile ofthe test flame.5.2 Information is provided for test flames using methane,propane, or butane. Using this information, these sup
14、ply gases1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 52
15、07 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (
16、ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.can be used interchangeably with a standardized
17、 burner toproduce essentially the same test flame.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosure or laboratory hood, free ofinduced or forced draft, having an internal volume of at least0.5 m3for the 20mm (50W) flame or 0.75 m3for the125mm (500W) flame.6.2 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance withS
18、pecification D 5025.6.3 Manometer/Pressure Gauge, capable of measuring to800 mm of water, with increments of 5 mm.6.4 Flow MeterA rotameter calibrated in accordance withPractice D 3195, with correlation curves appropriate for thegas, or a mass flow meter with at least 2 % accuracy.6.5 Thermal Sensor
19、 (Copper Slug and Thermocouple)Aslug constructed of high conductivity (electrolytic) copper withdimensions as shown in Fig. 1.A1.76 6 0.01-g slug is used forthe 20-mm (50W) flame, and a 10.0 6 0.05-g slug is used forthe 125-mm (500W) flame. A Type K thermocouple with a0.5-mm diameter stainless steel
20、 sheath constructed in accor-dance with Specification E 608 shall be peened into the top ofthe slug.6.6 Temperature IndicatorApotentiometer or temperatureindicator for Type K thermocouples capable of reading to800C. Calibrate the combination thermal sensor and tempera-ture indicator in accordance wi
21、th the general proceduresoutlined in Method E 220. The initial calibration tolerance isdefined in Tables E 230.6.7 Ring Stand, with a clamp or equivalent device, adjust-able for positioning of the thermal sensor.6.8 Timer, stop watch or other suitable timing devicecapable of timing to the nearest 0.
22、1 s.6.9 Gas SupplyA supply of methane, propane, or butane,with suitable regulator and meter for uniform gas flow.6.9.1 Methane, Technical grade, 98 % minimum purity,having a heating value of 37 6 1 MJ/m3at 25C. Natural gaswith a certified heating value of 37 6 1 MJ/m3will likelyprovide similar resul
23、ts.6.9.2 Propane, Technical grade, 98 % minimum purity,having a heating value of 94 6 2 MJ/m3at 25C.6.9.3 Butane, CP grade, 99 % minimum purity, having aheating value of 120 6 3 MJ/m3at 25C.7. Confirmation Procedure7.1 Locate the burner in a draft-free enclosure or hood.Connect the burner to the gas
24、 supply, in line with a controlvalve, flowmeter and manometer. See Fig. 2.7.2 Connect the leads of the Type K thermocouple to thetemperature indicator. Clamp the thermocouple sheath abovethe burner, along its central axis, so that the copper slug issuspended 75 mm minimum from the clamp. See Fig. 3.
25、7.2.1 20-mm (50W) Test FlamePosition the slug 10 6 1mm from the top of the burner.7.2.2 125-mm (500W) Test FlamePosition the slug55 6 1 mm from the top of the burner.FIG. 1 Copper Slug for Thermal SensorD 5207 0927.3 Move the burner away from the copper slug to ensure noinfluence of the flame on the
26、 slug during the preliminaryadjustment of the test flame.7.4 If the copper slug has not been used before, conduct apreliminary run to condition the surface of the slug. Discardthis first result. The slug shall not be polished or cleaned forsubsequent use. The presence or absence of an oxide coatinga
27、ffects the thermal response of the slug to the flame.7.5 Start with the needle valve on the burner completelyopen, and the air-inlet openings closed or reduced to thesmallest setting. Set the gas-flow rate and back pressure for thetype of flame and gas supply. Ignite the flame.7.5.1 20-mm (50W) Test
28、 FlameSet the gas flow rate asshown in Table 1. Adjust the needle valve so that the backpressure is also as shown in Table 1. Adjust the barrel airsupply so that a blue flame with no inner cone and an overallheight of 20 6 1 mm is produced, when viewed in subduedlight.NOTE 2If alternate fuel gases s
29、uch as propane or butane are used,ensure that a stable flame is obtained and the heat-evolution profilecomplies with 7.10.1. It is possible the yellow tip will not disappear whenusing propane or butane.7.5.2 125-mm (500W) Test FlameSet the gas flow rate asshown in Table 2. Adjust the needle valve so
30、 that the backpressure is also as shown in Table 2. Adjust the barrel airsupply so that a flame having an inner blue cone of 40 6 2mmand an overall height of 125 6 10 mm is produced, whenviewed in subdued light.7.6 Extinguish the flame and reposition the copper slug, ifnecessary.7.7 Reignite the fla
31、me and allow the burner to operate for 5min to stabilize the working temperature.7.8 The initial temperature of the slug shall be less than50C.7.9 Reposition the burner under the slug. Start the timerwhen the temperature of the slug reaches 100 6 2C. Stop thetimer when the temperature of the slug re
32、aches 700 6 3C.Record this time. Remove the burner and allow the slug to coolin air to less than 50C between determinations.NOTE 3It is optional to use a small fan to reduce the time to cool theslug.NOTE 4To avoid damage to the thermocouple, immediately removeor extinguish the flame once the slug ha
33、s reached 700C.7.10 Report the individual determinations.7.10.1 20-mm (50W) Test FlameThe time for the tem-perature to rise from 100 6 2to7006 3C shall be 44 6 2s.7.10.2 125-mm (500W) Test FlameThe time for thetemperature to rise from 100 6 2to7006 3C shall be 54 6 2s.7.11 If the temperature-rise ti
34、me falls outside the specifiedrange, adjust the gas-flow rate and repeat the calibrationprocedure from 7.5. If the temperature-rise time is within thespecified range, repeat the heating procedure (see 7.7) twoadditional times to confirm the heat-evolution profile of the testflame.7.12 An example of
35、a typical temperature response is shownin Fig. 4.8. Keywords8.1 confirmation; flammability; laboratory burner; small-scale burning tests; test flamesFIG. 2 Burner Supply ArrangementFIG. 3 Confirmatory Test ArrangementTABLE 1 20-mm (50W) Test FlameGas Type MethaneFlow rate mL/min 105 6 5Back pressure
36、 mm water 10TABLE 2 125-mm (500W) Test FlameGas Type Methane Propane ButaneFlow rate mL/min 965 6 30 380 6 15 300 6 10Back pressure mm water 125 6 25 550 6 100 600 6 125D 5207 093SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 5
37、207 - 03) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2009)(1) Updated caveats for fire test methods (1.3 and 1.4).(2) Removed nonmandatory language (6.5, 6.9.1, 7.8, Notes 2,3, and 4).(3) Moved text on preconditioning of the copper slug from aNote to 7.4.(4) Updated procedure to report
38、individual determinations andrequire three repetitions within the specified range instead of anaverage (7.10 and 7.11).(5) Added tolerance for methane gas flow rate of 20-mm testflame (Table 1).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection w
39、ith any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tec
40、hnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considera
41、tion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr H
42、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Typical Temperature ResponseD 5207 094
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