1、Designation: D 5232 92 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Stability and Miscibility of a Solid, Semi-Solid, or Liquid Waste Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is designed to determine whether awaste material reacts
3、when it is mixed with air, water, strongacid, strong base, an oil/solvent mixture, other waste mixtures,or solid media such as a geological formation or solidificationagents.1.2 The miscibility of the waste material with the abovemedia can also be defined.NOTE 1The following ASTM standards provide s
4、upplemental infor-mation: Test Methods D 4978, D 4979, D 4980, D 4981, D 4982, D 5049,D 5057, and D 5058.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
5、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 4978 Test Methods for Screening of Reactive Sulfides inWasteD 4979 Test Method fo
6、r Physical Description ScreeningAnalysis in WasteD 4980 Test Methods for Screening of pH in WasteD 4981 Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in WasteD 4982 Test Methods for Flammability Potential ScreeningAnalysis of WasteD 5049 Test Method for the Screening of Cyanides inWaste3D 5057 Test Method
7、for Screening Apparent Specific Grav-ity and Bulk Density of WasteD 5058 Test Methods for Compatibility of ScreeningAnalysis of Waste3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The stability and miscibility of a waste material areobserved when the waste is mixed with various media.4. Significance and Use4.1 This t
8、est method will identify waste materials that arepotentially unstable when they come in contact with othermaterials at a waste treatment or disposal site.4.2 This test method will serve to determine the miscibilityof waste materials with various media, including other wastes.4.3 This test method may
9、 not be applicable to all wastes.The appropriateness of these tests depends upon the proposedmanagement of the waste.4.4 Since the initiation of some chemical reactions are slowto take place, the user may wish to establish reagent-to-wastecontact times prior to observing the mixes for any reactions.
10、5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Disposable Cups, minimum 40-mL total volume. Selectplastics or other materials compatible with the reagents in-volved.5.2 Stirring Rods, Spatulas, Disposal Droppers, WatchGlasses, and so forth.5.3 Other waste materials to be evaluated with the testsample.5.4 Solid Media
11、, to be evaluated with the test sample.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of WaterThe deionized water used to preparethe aqueous test solutions should conform to the conductivityspecifications ofASTM Type II water as found in SpecificationD 1193.6.2 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Test Solution, carefully mix100 g of re
12、agent grade hydrochloric acid (;36 %) with 900 gof deionized water.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 onAnalytical Methods.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Origina
13、llyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5232 92 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
14、onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Test Solution, carefully mix200 g of reagent grade sodium hydroxide solution (;50 %)with 800 g of deionized water.6.4 Oil/Solve
15、nt Test Mixture, prepare a fifty percent (50 %)by weight mixture of reagent grade perchloroethylene in USPgrade mineral oil.7. Hazards7.1 Standard laboratory hygiene practices should be fol-lowed when conducting these tests. Potentially violent reac-tions may occur in performance of this test, so ap
16、propriateprecautions may be advised.7.2 All tests should be performed in a laboratory fume hood.Waste samples may produce toxic or noxious fumes whenmixed with other substances.7.3 The analyst should wear gloves that are resistant toacids, bases, and organic liquids.8. Procedure8.1 Refer to the samp
17、les label and respective chemicalcomposition data to determine if there is any waste componentlisted that could react with the agents or materials selected fortesting.8.2 Air Stability:8.2.1 Open the cap of the sample container very slowly, andremove the cap slowly by sliding it across the top of th
18、e samplecontainer.8.2.2 If any evidence of fuming is observed when thecontainer is first opened, close the container immediately andrefer to the samples respective chemical composition data todetermine if there is any waste component listed that could bereactive in air. If no air reactive components
19、 are identified, thencarefully open the container.8.2.3 Using a glass, plastic spatula, or disposable dropper,remove a small portion of the sample and place it on a watchglass to observe any reaction of the waste in air. Note anyreaction. If the waste sample is air reactive, do not proceedwith any o
20、f the following steps.8.3 Water Stability:8.3.1 Mix liquid waste sample thoroughly, and place a10-mL aliquot of the sample in a 40-mL plastic cup. For drywaste or sludges, add enough sample to fill the cup to the10-mL mark.8.3.2 Pour 10-mL of water slowly and carefully over thesample and observe any
21、 reaction. If no reaction is observedimmediately, then mix the sample and water and note anyreaction. Also estimate the volume percent solubility of thesample in water. If the waste appears to be water reactive, it issuggested that the appropriateness of the following steps bereviewed.8.4 Stability
22、with Acid:8.4.1 Take a 10-mL aliquot of the well mixed liquid wastesample and place it in a 40-mL plastic cup. For dry waste orsludges, fill to the 10-mL mark.8.4.2 Slowly and carefully add 10-mL of the HCl testsolution or up to 10-mL until a reaction is observed. If noreaction is observed after the
23、 addition of 10-mL, then carefullymix the HCl solution with the sample until it is evenly mixed.Note any reaction that occurs. Also estimate the volumepercent solubility of the sample in the acid.8.5 Stability with Base:8.5.1 Take a 10-mL aliquot of the well mixed liquid wastesample and place it in
24、a 40-mL plastic cup. For dry waste orsludges, fill to the 10-mL mark.8.5.2 Slowly and carefully add 10-mL of the NaOH testsolution or up to 10-mL until a reaction is observed. If noreaction is observed after the addition of 10-mL, then carefullymix the NaOH solution with the sample until it is evenl
25、ymixed. Note any reaction that occurs.Also estimate the volumepercent solubility of the sample in base.8.6 Stability with Organics:8.6.1 For waste material that may be mixed with otherwastes for treatment and disposal, take a 10-mL aliquot of thewell mixed liquid waste sample and place it in a 40-mL
26、 plasticcup. For dry waste or sludges fill to the 10-mL mark.8.6.2 Slowly and carefully add 10-mL of oil/solvent mixtureor up to 10-mL until a reaction is observed. If no reaction isobserved after the addition of 10-mL, then carefully mix theoil/solvent with the sample until it is evenly mixed. Note
27、 anyreaction that occurs. Also estimate the volume percent solubil-ity of the sample with organics.8.7 Stability with Other Waste Materials or Solid Media:8.7.1 Place a 10-mL aliquot of the well mixed liquid samplein a 40-mL plastic cup. For dry waste or sludge, fill to the10-mL mark.8.7.2 Carefully
28、 and slowly add 10-mL of the other wastematerial or solid media or up to 10-mL until a reaction isobserved. If no reaction is observed after the addition of the10-mL, then carefully mix the contents of the plastic cup untilevenly mixed. Note any reaction that occurs. Also note thevolume percent solu
29、bility of the waste sample with the otherwaste material, if applicable.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 If the waste material reacts with any of the test mediaevaluated, resulting in the evolution of heat or the vigorousevolution of gases, then the waste will be termed unstable withthat respective me
30、dia.9.2 The solubility of the waste material observed whenmixed with the various liquid media can be an indication of themiscibility of the waste in those media.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionIt is not practicable to specify the precisionof the procedure in Test Method D 5232 for measuring thes
31、tability and miscibility of a waste material, because nonumerical data exist due to the wide variations in wastematerial compositions.10.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for measuring the bias for the procedure in TestMethod D 5232 for measuring the stability and miscibili
32、ty of awaste material, bias has not been determined.11. Quality Control11.1 Quality control samples and replicate evaluationsshould be performed at a level specified by the laboratory andat a predetermined frequency.D 5232 92 (2008)212. Keywords12.1 miscibility; stability; wasteASTM International ta
33、kes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own r
34、esponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addre
35、ssed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at t
36、he address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5232 92 (2008)3
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