1、Designation: D 5238 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forSmoldering Combustion Potential of Cotton-Based Batting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of smolderingcombustion potential within cotton-based batting inte
3、nded foruse in mattresses and upholstered furniture. This test methodshould not be used to evaluate batting containing less than75 % cotton by weight, and it is intended to be used primarilyas a quality control tool.1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describethe properties of materia
4、ls, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or riskof materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire condi-tions. However, the results of this test may be used as elementsof a fire
5、 risk assessment that takes into account all of the factorsthat are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of aparticular end use.1.3 Inadequate consideration of a subsystem, such as cottonbatting, to resist smoldering is frequently the reason that finishsystems fail fire and smolder resistan
6、ce tests in mattresses andupholstered furniture. This test method may be used to evaluatethis smolder resistance in the subsystem of cotton batting usedin such products. The purpose of this test method is to aid endusers in better determining the potential of cotton battingcomponents to resist smold
7、ering. It is recommended that thoseusing this test method be familiar with cotton batting produc-tion and the use of cotton batting in mattresses and upholsteredfurniture.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5
8、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docum
9、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 2258 Recommended Practice for Sampling Yarn for Test-ing2D 4391 Terminology Relating to the Burning Behavior ofTextiles3E 176 Terminology Relating to Fire Standards42.2 Gove
10、rnment Standard:16 CFR Part 1632, Standard for the Flammability of Mat-tresses and Mattress Pads (FF 4-72 Amended)53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to burn-ing behavior, refer to Terminology D 4391. For definitions ofother textile terms, refer to Terminology D 123.3.2 D
11、escription of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 batting, na textile filling material consisting of acontinuous web of fibers formed by carding, garnetting, airlayering, or other means.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the bedding, furniture, and futonindustries, batting is made from a blend of fibers consisti
12、ngprimarily of cotton.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A controlled heat source is positioned between twoidentical specimens of cotton batting. The heat source andspecimens remain undisturbed until the specimens either areconsumed or are no longer undergoing smoldering combustion.The resulting outward c
13、har distance from the initial heat sourceis determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluating thesmoldering combustion potential of cotton-based batting for1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibili
14、ty of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originallypublished as D 5238 92. Last previous edition D 5238 92.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
15、5Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 197, Wednesday, October 10, 1984.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.use in mattresses and upholstered furniture. The degree ofcorrelation between the results of this test of a componentmate
16、rial and actual end-use products has not been determinedfully.5.2 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions arechanged, it may not be possible by or from this test me
17、thod topredict changes in the fire test response characteristics mea-sured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire testexposure conditions described in this procedure.5.3 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in thereported test results using this test method for acceptancetes
18、ting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine whether astatistical bias exists between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of t
19、estspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunp
20、aired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing began. If a bias is found, either itscause must be determined and corrected, or the purchaser andsupplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of theknown bias.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Balance
21、, 200-g capacity open pan, with 0.1-g sensitiv-ity.6.2 Draft Barrier, as shown in Fig. 1.6.3 Test Room, draft-protected and equipped with a suitablesystem for exhausting combustion emissions produced duringtesting.6.4 Heat SourcePall Mall cigarettes without filters orequal, each measuring 85 6 2 mm
22、(3.4 6 0.1 in.) in length andweighing 1.1 6 0.1 g.6.5 RulerStandard 6-in. (152-mm) ruler.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as specified in theapplicable material specification, or as agreed upon by the twoparties interested in the test results. In the absence of anyspecification or agreemen
23、t, take a lot sample as directed inRecommended Practice D 2258.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take at random the number of packages fromeach primary sampling unit in the lot sample directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe pur
24、chaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to useRecommended Practice D 2258. Sample packages should notbe rewound or transferred to another package.8. Preparation of Specimens8.1 Prepare two adjacent 18 by 18 6 1-cm (7 by 7 614-in.)specimens of cotton-based batting and one cigarette in tripli-ca
25、te for each test.8.2 Weigh and record the initial weights of each specimen.Each cotton-based specimen may weigh not less than 54 g (1.9oz) and not more than 57 g (2 oz).9. Conditioning9.1 If the as-received sample has a moisture content above10 %, follow the preconditioning and conditioning procedur
26、esas specified in Practice D 1776 prior to testing.9.2 It has been found that samples having a moisture contentof 10 % and below do not materially affect the results of thistest method, and therefore no preconditioning or conditioningis required.10. Procedure10.1 On a wooden sheet having dimensions
27、of 20 by 20 by1.3 cm (8 by 8 by 0.5 in.), position one specimen as shown inFig. 2.10.2 Test Start-Up:10.2.1 Within 5 min of the initial weighing, light onecigarette, centering it on the surface of the positioned speci-men, and record the time.10.2.2 As soon as possible, cover the specimen and heatso
28、urce with the second specimen. Make sure that both speci-mens are evenly aligned vertically.10.2.3 Center the draft barrier, with open top and bottom,directly around the aligned test specimens.10.2.4 Smoldering combustion is allowed to continue untilthe cigarette is burned completely. This will gene
29、rally take 25min and will be confirmed by no visible smoke emissions.Specimens may not be disturbed until combustion is com-pleted.FIG. 1 Draft BarrierD 5238 98 (2003)210.2.4.1 Should the test specimens become engulfed in openflames, extinguish the burning specimens and record the resultsof the test
30、 as a failure.10.2.5 Carefully remove the top specimen, exposing thecharred area, 30 min from the time of initial ignition of the heatsource (cigarette) or 5 min after the last visible smokeemissions, whichever is later.10.2.6 With a ruler, measure and identify the greatest chardistance from the edg
31、e of the cigarette ash outward along theupper surface of the lower specimen and the lower surface ofthe top specimen. Outward measurements are taken no fartherthan the point at which black char ends and brown discolora-tion begins. Record this char distance to the nearest 1 mm or116 in.11. Report11.
32、1 A char length measurement of any specimen exceeding25 mm (1 in.) is identified as a failure.11.2 If two or more of the three tests result in failure, theproduct is identified as failing the criterion for smolderingcombustion.11.3 If only one specimen fails, a referee test is allowed, inwhich the e
33、ntire test is run again in triplicate, whereby all threespecimens must pass in order for the product to be identified aspassing the criterion for smoldering combustion.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 1987 and 1988 in which replicate samples from
34、threecotton-based batting manufacturers were sent to seven labora-tories. Each laboratory used one operator who tested threespecimens of each cotton-based sample.12.1.1 Within-Laboratory PrecisionThe within-laboratory precision, at the 95 % probability level, of theaverage of three replicates is exp
35、ected to be within 64.6 % ofthe average char length.12.1.2 Between-Laboratory PrecisionThe precision, atthe 95 % probability level, of the difference between sevenlaboratories, each making three measurements, is expected tobe within 68.3 % of the average char length.12.2 BiasThe bias of this method
36、for testing smolderingcombustion of cotton-based batting is dependent upon theweighing of the specimen and the precision of the measure-ment of the char length upon completion of the test. Withinthese limitations, the procedure in Test Method D 5238 fordetermining the smoldering combustion potential
37、 of cotton-based batting has no known bias.13. Keywords13.1 batting; char; cotton; fire; mattresses; smoldering com-bustion; test method; upholstering furniture.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This commentary has been prepared to provide theuser of this test method with backgrou
38、nd information on itsdevelopment and use.X1.2 Over the past 20 years, several test methods have beendeveloped that address the fire and smoldering combustionpotential of end-use products such as mattresses and uphol-stered furniture. Products that have not been found to be incompliance with the pass
39、/fail criteria of these test methods mayhave serious legal ramifications to the producers of mattressesand upholstered furniture. This is particularly true for mat-tresses that must comply with Federal Regulation 16 CFR1632. The ability to perform favorably with respect to fire andsmoldering combust
40、ion is primarily dependent on the integrityof the component materials within these end-use products. Aneed was defined by end users and cotton batting manufactur-ers to better qualify the integrity of the component fillingmaterial prior to the assembly of end-use products. Thisvoluntary test method
41、was intended to aid in minimizing thepossibility of fire and smoldering combustion failures inmattresses and upholstered furniture products. The test methodadditionally provides a suitable means for end users to qualifythe fire and smolder potential of components prior to theassembly of their produc
42、ts.FIG. 2 Positioned SpecimenD 5238 98 (2003)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, a
43、nd the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revis
44、ion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you s
45、houldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5238 98 (2003)4
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