1、Designation: D5254/D5254M 92 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Practice forMinimum Set of Data Elements to Identify a Ground-WaterSite1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5254/D5254M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe units statement in 1.3 and the designation were revised editorially in August 2010.1. Scope1.1 Thi
3、s practice covers what information should be ob-tained for any individual ground-water site, also known asmonitoring location or sampling station. As used in thispractice, a site is meant to be a single point, not a geographicarea or property. A ground-water site is defined as any source,location, o
4、r sampling station capable of producing water orhydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the surfaceof the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring orseep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation).Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes,pon
5、ds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydrau-lically connected to the ground water, are appropriate for theuse intended (see 6.4.2.3).NOTE 1There are many additional data elements that may be neces-sary to identify a site, but are not included in the minimum set of dataelements. An agenc
6、y or company may require additional data elements asa part of their minimum set.1.2 This practice includes those data elements that willdistinguish a site as to its geographical location on the surfaceof the earth, political regimes, source identifiers, and individualsite characteristics. These elem
7、ents apply to all ground-watersites. Each category of site, such as a well or spring, mayindividually require additional data elements to be complete.Many of the suggested components and representative codesfor coded data elements are those established by the WaterResources Division of the U.S. Geol
8、ogical Survey and used inthe National Water Information Systems computerized database (1).2NOTE 2The data elements presented in this practice do not uniquelyimply a computer data base, but rather the minimum set of ground-waterdata elements that should be collected for entry into any type of permane
9、ntfile.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitspresented in brackets are to be regarded separately asstandard. The values stated in each system may not be exactequivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independentlyof the other. Combining values from the two systems mayre
10、sult in non-conformance with the standard.1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic(F = ma)
11、 calculations are involved.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations p
12、rior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM
13、 standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the d
14、ocument has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this practicerefer to Terminology D653.1This practice is under
15、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D525492
16、(2004).DOI: 10.1520/D5254_D5254M-92R10E01.2The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of the text.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
17、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice includes the following data elements toidentify a ground-water site:4
18、.1.1 Geographic LocationIncluding latitude, longitude,latitude-longitude coordinate accuracy, altitude, and altitudeaccuracy.4.1.2 Political RegimesIncluding state or country identi-fication, and county or county equivalent.4.1.3 Source IdentifiersIncluding owners name, sourceagency or company and a
19、ddress, unique identification, and dateof first record for the ground-water site.4.1.4 Individual Site CharacteristicsIncluding hydrologicunit, setting, type of ground-water site, use of site, use of waterfrom site, and reason for data collection.5. Significance and Use5.1 Normally, the basic ground
20、-water data are gathered bytrained personnel during the field investigation phase of astudy. Each agency or company has its own methods ofobtaining, recording, and storing the information. Usually,these data are recorded onto forms that serve both in organizingthe information in the field and the of
21、fice, and many times asentry forms for a computer data base. For ground-water data tobe of maximum value to the current project and any futurestudies, it is essential that a minimum set of key data elementsbe recorded for each site. The data elements presented in thispractice do not uniquely imply a
22、 computer data base, but ratherthe minimum set of ground-water data elements that should becollected for entry into any type of permanent file.5.2 When obtaining basic data concerning a ground-watersite, it is necessary to identify thoroughly that site so that itmay be readily field located again wi
23、th minimal uncertaintyand that it may be accurately plotted and interpreted for dataparameters in relationship to other sites. For example, infor-mation can be presented on scientific maps and in summarytables.6. Documentation6.1 Geographic Location:6.1.1 IntroductionThe universally accepted coordin
24、atesdefining the absolute two-dimensional location of a site on theEarths surface are latitude and longitude. The coordinates aredetermined by careful measurement from an accurate map orby survey. The third-dimension of the location is established bydetermining the altitude at the site, usually from
25、 topographicmaps or by surveying techniques (2).4NOTE 3If sites are located by plane coordinates, plant location grids,or referenced to recoverable benchmarks, they may be recorded if theposition is converted to absolute location coordinates by an acceptablemethod.6.1.2 Documentation Procedures:6.1.
26、2.1 LatitudeLatitude is a coordinate representationthat indicates locations on the surface of the earth using theearths equator as the respective latitudinal origin. Record thebest available value for the latitude of the site in degrees,minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second (DDMMSSss). Iflatit
27、ude of the site is south of the Equator, precede the numberswith a minus sign (). The use of N or S is also appropriate(1-8).6.1.2.2 LongitudeLongitude is a coordinate representa-tion that indicates locations on the surface of the Earth usingthe prime meridian (Greenwich, England) as the longitudina
28、lorigin. Record the best available value for the longitude of thesite, in degrees, minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second(DDDMMSSss). If longitude of the site is measured east of theGreenwich Meridian, precede the numbers with a minus sign(). The use of E or W is also appropriate (1-8).6.1.2.3
29、Latitude-Longitude Coordinate AccuracyRecordthe accuracy of the latitude and longitude values. Suggestedcoordinate accuracy components and representative codes areas follows (1, 6, 7, 8):H The measurement is accurate to 60.01 s.U The measurement is accurate to 60.1 s.S The measurement is accurate to
30、 61s.F The measurement is accurate to 65s.T The measurement is accurate to 610 s.M The measurement is accurate to 61 min.NOTE 4Components and corresponding codes listed under data ele-ments, such as latitude-longitude coordinate accuracy and setting, are onlysuggestions.An agency or company may requ
31、ire additional components tofully describe their ground-water sites. Also, having the data elementcomponents written out, for example, “accurate to within 1 s” for thelatitude-longitude accuracy, may be preferred to the use of codes. Theimportant factor is that each data element in the “minimum set
32、of dataelements” be included with every ground-water site.6.1.2.4 AltitudeRecord the altitude of land surface ormeasuring point. Altitude of the land surface is the verticaldistance in feet (or metres) either above or below a referencedatum surface. The reference datum surface must be noted.NOTE 5In
33、 the United States, this reference surface should be theNorth American Vertical Datum (NAVD) of 1988 or National GeodeticVertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929. If another vertical reference datum isused to determine the altitude, describe the system. Altitudes below thereference datum must be preceded by a
34、minus sign () (1, 2, 4, 7, 8).NOTE 6The measuring point is usually a clearly defined mark orpermanently fixed object at a ground-water site that is used for conductingrepeated evaluations, such as water levels in a monitoring well.6.1.2.5 Altitude AccuracyRecord the accuracy of the alti-tude.As an e
35、xample, record 1.0 for an accuracy of 61mor0.1for 60.1“th” m to denote the judged error of the measurement(1, 3).6.2 Political Regimes:6.2.1 IntroductionThe placement of the ground-water siteinto a political jurisdiction assists in the proper identification ofthe site.6.2.2 Documentation Procedures:
36、6.2.2.1 State or Country Identification Record the state orcountry in which the site is physically located. The commonsystems for identifying states and countries are the FederalInformation Processing Standard code (FIPS), a two-digitnumeric code or the American National Standard abbreviationtwo-let
37、ter code. The country codes are a two-character and aset of three-character alphabetic codes (1, 3, 9, 10, 11).4Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http:/www.ntis.gov.D5254/D5254M 92 (2010)12NOTE 7The publications (9, 10, 12) conta
38、ining the codes for coun-tries, states, and counties are available from the National TechnicalInformation Service.46.2.2.2 County and County EquivalentRecord the countyor county equivalent in which the site is physically located.Thecommon code system for identifying counties is the FIPS code,a three
39、-digit numeric code. The documentation of politicalsubdivisions will depend on the system used in each individualcountry (1, 3, 7, 11).NOTE 8In many cases, it is necessary to record a subdivision of thelocal government to further identify the area where the ground-water siteis located. Some of the l
40、ocal subdivisions are a city, town, village,municipality, township, or borough. Identify the local subdivision, forexample “City of Rockville,” to clearly denote the unit.6.3 Source Identifiers:6.3.1 IntroductionThe ground-water site must be identi-fied as to the owner, the agency or company that re
41、corded data,and its distinctive classification.6.3.2 Documentation Procedures:6.3.2.1 Owners NameRecord the name of the propertyowner of the ground-water site. The recommended format foran individuals name is: last name, first name, middle initial. Ifa companys name is lengthy, use meaningful abbrev
42、iations (1,8).6.3.2.2 Source Agency or Company and AddressRecordthe name and address of the agency or company that collectedthe data for the ground-water site. This data element isnecessary to determine the original source of the data for thesite. A coded list of agency and company names is availabl
43、ethrough National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX);5the listhas over 1200 organizations that actively collect and storewater data throughout the United States (1, 3-6, 12).6.3.2.3 Unique IdentificationRecord the unique namingthat the agency or company uses to identify the ground-watersite. This identifi
44、cation is called by several terms such as “localsite number,” “site identification,” “well number,” etc. Thedescription is commonly a combination of letters and numbersthat could represent a land-net location or a sequential assign-ment for a site in a county, city, or company. This identificationis
45、 very important to precisely differentiate a site in the recordsof an agency or company (1, 5-8).6.3.2.4 Date of First Record for the Ground-Water SiteRecord the date that the first valid transaction occurred for anyelement of the specified site. This could be the date of permitapplication, start of
46、 construction, or first used as a monitoringsite. This element is important to facilitate in the properidentification of the record (1, 3, 12).6.4 Individual Characteristics of the Site:6.4.1 IntroductionEach ground-water site has very spe-cific features that, in combination, uniquely identify that
47、site,that is, water from a ground-water sustained pond used foraquaculture. These characteristics should be recorded as ameans of further defining the site.6.4.2 Documentation Procedures:6.4.2.1 Hydrologic UnitRecord the hydrologic unit codefor the Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) cataloging
48、unit in which the site is located. This eight-digit code consistsof four 2-digit parts (1, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14): hydrographic regioncode, subregion code designated by the Water ResourcesCouncil, accounting unit within the National Water DataNetwork, and cataloging unit of the USGSs “Catalog ofInformatio
49、n on Water Data.”NOTE 9An explanation of a hydrologic unit code, for example Code07080107, is the following; Region Code “07” is the Upper MississippiRiver Basin above the confluence with the Ohio River; Subregion Code“08” is the Mississippi River Basin below Lock and Dam 13 to theconfluence with the Des Moines River Basin, excluding the Rock RiverBasins; Accounting Unit Code “01” is the Mississippi River Basin belowLock and Dam 13 to the confluence with the Des Moines River Basin,excluding the Iowa and Rock River Basins; and
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