ASTM D5261-2010 Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles《测量土工布的单位面积质量的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D5261 10Standard Test Method forMeasuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers and can be used as an index tothe determination of mass per unit area of all geotextiles.1.2 The values stated in SI

3、units or other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values stated in parenthe-ses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis

4、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Test

5、ingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 9864:1990 Geotextiles - Determination of mass perunit area3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n air maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and temperature of 21 62C (70 6 4F).3.1.2 geosynthetic, na

6、planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or othergeotechnical-engineering-related material as an integral part ofa man-made project, structure, or system.3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile used with foun-dation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnica

7、l-engineering-related material as an integral part of a man-made project,structure, or system.3.1.3.1 DiscussionCurrent textile manufacturing tech-niques produce: nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and wovenfabrics.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminol

8、ogy D123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles usedin this test method, refer to Terminology D4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mass per unit area of a geotextile is determined byweighing test specimens of known dimensions, cut fromvarious locations over the full width of th

9、e laboratory sample.The calculated values are then averaged to obtain the meanmass per unit area of the laboratory sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine if the geotextilematerial meets specifications for mass per unit area. This testmethod can be used for quality co

10、ntrol to determine specimenconformance. This measurement allows for a simple control ofthe delivered material by a comparison of the mass per unitarea of the delivered material and the specified mass per unitarea.5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used foracceptance testing of commercial s

11、hipments, but caution isadvised since information about between-laboratory precisionis incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 areadvisable.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using the procedures in this testmethod for acceptance testing o

12、f commercial shipments, thepurchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparativetests to determine if there is a statistical bias between theirlaboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommendedfor the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two partiesshould take a group of test spec

13、imens that are as homogeneousas possible and which are from a lot of material of the type inquestion. The test specimen should then be randomly assignedin equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The averageresults from the two laboratories should be compared using the1This test method is under

14、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D526192(2009).DOI: 10.1520/D52

15、61-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standard

16、ization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.appropriate students t-test and an acceptable probability levelchosen by the t

17、wo parties before testing is begun. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret futuretest results in light of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, calibrated, capable of weighing to 5000 g, withan accuracy of 0.01 g

18、.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleDivide the test specimens into lots, and forthe lot to be tested, take the lot sample in accordance withPractice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleConsider the units in the lotsample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratorysample, take a full width swatch of suffi

19、cient length along thesalvage so that the requirements of Section 7.3 can be met.7.2.1 The laboratory sample should be free from imperfec-tions or other areas not representative of the material sampled.7.3 The number of test specimens shall be a minimum offive, cut such that they are representative

20、of the entire rollwidth and with a combined total minimum area of 100 000mm2(155 in.2). Each test specimen shall be equal in area (notless than 10 000 mm2(15.5 in.2), as described inISO 9864:1990). Cut each test specimen with an accuracy of60.5 % of its area.NOTE 1For test specimens prepared in the

21、field, larger thanminimum-sized test specimens will be required to stay within the cuttingaccuracy (0.5 %). Field experience has shown that a test specimen with anarea not less than 90 000 mm2(139.5 in.2) will be necessary to achieve therequired accuracy.7.3.1 Cut the test specimens at least one ten

22、th the width ofthe geotextile from any selvage, unless otherwise specified.7.3.2 If the structure of the geotextile is such that thespecified test specimen size is not representative of thelaboratory sample, a larger size shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.8. Conditioning8.1

23、Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium in theatmosphere for testing geotextiles. Equilibrium is considered tohave been reached when the increase in mass of the testspecimen in successive weighings, made at intervals of not lessthan 2 h, does not exceed 60.1 % of the mass of the testspecime

24、n. In general practice, the industry approaches equilib-rium from the “as-received” side.NOTE 2It is recognized that in practice geotextile materials frequentlyare not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has beenreached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases of dispute,it may

25、 be sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. A time of at least 24 h has been found acceptable inmost cases. However, certain fibers may exhibit slow moisture equilibra-tion rates from t

26、he “as-received” wet side. When this is known, apreconditioning cycle, in accordance with Practice D1776, may be agreedupon between the contractual parties.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned test specimens in the standardatmosphere for testing geotextiles.9.2 Weigh each of the conditioned specimen

27、s separately ona calibrated balance to the nearest 0.01 g.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the mass per unit area of each of thespecimens as follows:m 5 Ms 3 1 000 000/A (1)where:m = mass per unit area rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/m2,Ms = mass of the specimen, g, andA = area of the specimen, mm2.10.2 R

28、epeat this procedure for each test specimen.10.3 Calculate the average and standard deviation of themass per unit area results for the test specimens.11. Report11.1 Report the following information on mass per unit areaof geotextiles:11.1.1 Type of geotextile tested, sampling method used, thetest sp

29、ecimen size, shape, and the number of test specimenstested,11.1.2 The average mass per unit area and standard devia-tion to three significant figures, and11.1.3 A statement of any departures from the suggestedtesting procedures so that the results can be evaluated and used.12. Precision and Bias12.1

30、 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is beingestablished.12.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valueof mass per unit area can only be defined in terms of a testmethod.13. Keywords13.1 geotextile; mass per unit area; weightD5261 102ASTM International takes no position respecting th

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