1、Designation: D5295 00 (Reapproved 2006)D5295/D5295M 14Standard Guide forPreparation of Concrete Surfaces for Adhered (Bonded)Membrane Waterproofing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5295;D5295/D5295M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of or
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the preparation of co
3、ncrete surfaces prior to the application of adhered (bonded)waterproofing.1.2 This guide is directed primarily toward installations of new concrete, but is also applicable for existing concreteinstallations. (See also ACI 116 and ACI 546.)1.3 This guide does not apply to loose laid systems, bentonit
4、e systems, lead, or the like.1.4 This guide does not apply to applications involving insulating concrete.1.5 This guide does not apply to applications involving lightweight structural concrete.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard.
5、 The values given inparentheses are for information only. stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to ad
6、dress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1079 Terminol
7、ogy Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned or Etched Concrete SurfacesD4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet MethodF2420 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity on the Surface of Concrete Floor Slabs Using Relativ
8、e Humidity ProbeMeasurement and Insulated HoodF2659 Guide for Preliminary Evaluation of Comparative Moisture Condition of Concrete, Gypsum Cement and Other FloorSlabs and Screeds Using a Non-Destructive Electronic Moisture Meter2.2 ACI Standards:3ACI 116 Cement and Concrete TerminologyACI 301 Specif
9、ications for Structural Concrete for BuildingsACI 311 Guide to Inspection of ConcreteACI 515 A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing, Protective and Decorative Barrier Systems for ConcreteACI 546 Repair of Concrete2.3 ICRI Standard:4ICRI Technical Guideline No. 310.2 Concrete Surface Prepa
10、ration for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofingand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 on Waterproofingand Dampproofing Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2006July 1, 2014. Published May
11、2006August 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 asD5295 00.D5295 00 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D5295-00R06.10.1520/D5295_D5295M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
12、ok of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.4 Available from International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI), 10600 West Higgins Rd., Suite 607, R
13、osemont, IL 60018, www.icri.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomme
14、nds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Significance
15、and Use3.1 The success of a waterproofing application depends on, among other things, the type, smoothness, and cleanliness of theconcrete surface being coated. This guide describes conditioning or repairing of the concrete surface by the removal or otherconstructive modification of those surface de
16、fects that can affect the performance of the waterproofing system. It also coverssurface preparation by chemical and blast cleaning methods in order to provide good adhesion between the waterproofing systemand the concrete as well as the effect and control of various surface contaminants. It also ad
17、dresses the evaluation of concretemoisture content to ensure optimal initial bond. (See also ACI 515.)3.2 This guide is not intended to offer guidelines for the selection of a suitable waterproofing system; the use of specificapplication techniques; or the design and installation of flashing, termin
18、ations, expansion joint details, etc. (For definitions of terms,see Terminology D1079.)3.3 This guide is not intended to offer guidelines for the control of water vapor drive through the concrete which could affectlong term performance of the bond between the concrete and waterproofing.3.4 The recom
19、mended procedures described herein are minimums; the waterproofing materials manufacturer may require morestrict or specific procedures for the preparation of concrete surfaces for the application of the manufacturers specific system.4. Adhesion Inhibitors4.1 GeneralAmong the items that inhibit the
20、initial adhesion of membrane waterproofing systems are form release agents,concrete curing compounds, admixtures, laitance, moisture, and grease or oils.grease or oils, moisture, and for some membranetypes, surface roughness of the concrete.4.2 Form release agents, such as oil, grease, wax, and sili
21、cones, will transfer from the forms to the surface of the concrete duringcasting. These will cause poor adhesion of waterproofing systems. Since these agents are almost invisible, it is difficult to detecttheir presence.Any procedure for the removal of such materials will be specific to that materia
22、l. Proprietary form coating materialsshould be accepted prior to use and after evaluation by the specifier to determine that they are appropriate for use with the proposedwaterproofing materials and systems. Proprietary paint systems applied to the forms that are non-transferable and formulated topr
23、event contamination of the concrete surface should be used.used whenever possible.4.3 Concrete curing compounds may contain waxes, resins, chlorinated rubber, or film formers of various types. If suchmaterials must be used, the specifier should be certain that the materials can be completely removed
24、 or that the waterproofingsystem manufacturer has evaluated them for use with the manufacturers system to determine that they are acceptable for such use.These materials should be accepted prior to use and after evaluation by the specifier to determine that they are appropriate for usewith the propo
25、sed waterproofing materials and system.4.4 Admixtures such as water-immiscible chemical curing agents are sometimes used in concrete. These should be avoidedunless the specifier has determined that they are acceptable for use with the intended waterproofing materials. These materialsshould be accept
26、ed prior to use and after evaluation by the specifier to determine that they are appropriate for use with the proposedwaterproofing materials and system.4.5 Laitance, dust and dirt, moisture, and grease and oil can inhibit or impair adhesion of the waterproofing system. These mustbe removed; control
27、led in a manner acceptable to the waterproofing materials manufacturer; or found by the manufacturer to benon-detrimental to the adhesion and performance of the waterproofing system to be employed.4.6 Moisture contained within the matrix of the concrete as well as surface moisture present from curin
28、g or precipitation eventscan impair adhesion of the waterproofing system. Where possible, the concrete surface to receive waterproofing should beprotected from precipitation for a minimum of 48 h prior to application of the waterproofing. The moisture content of the surfaceof the concrete should be
29、evaluated and recorded in accordance with waterproofing manufactures recommendations prior tomembrane application. Encapsulated moisture within the concrete matrix will continue to dissipate for extended periods of timefollowing initial curing based on various factors.4.7 For waterproofing membranes
30、 that gain adhesion properties through mechanical bond to the face of the concrete, theamplitude, or final concrete surface finish should be evaluated by the specified. A minimum surface texture equal to CSP 4 to 6as determined in the ICRI Technical Guideline No. 310.2 (formerly No. 03732) document
31、is recommended.5. Repair of Surface Defects5.1 GeneralSurface defects that may impair adhesion include honeycomb, fins, “snots,” tie holes, “bug holes,” sharp offsetsfrom displaced forms, rutted cracks, ragged corners, deviations in the surface plane, and other similar concrete defects, along withsp
32、alling and delaminations of the concrete surface. (See also, Concrete Manual.5)5.2 Fins, protrusions, or similar irregularities should be cut back to the surface by chipping, grinding, bushhammering,needlegunning, or wirebrushing. Avoid polishing of the concrete surface by these techniques.5 Availab
33、le from U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO, Concrete Manual, 8th Edition, 1975, pp. 393429.D5295/D5295M 1425.3 Sharp offsets in the surface, such as those caused by formwork misalignment, should be cut back to an even surface bychipping, grinding, bushhammering, needlegunning, wirebrushing, or t
34、ransitioning with grout. grout or patching mortar. This couldalso be performed in accordance with the applicable provisions of ACI 301 and 311. Avoid polishing the concrete surface by anyof these techniques.5.4 Sharp offsets between precast sections should be corrected as indicated in 5.5.5.5 Defect
35、ive concrete areas should be removed down to sound concrete, preferably by chipping; if grinding is necessary, caremust be taken to avoid “polishing” the surfaces. If sizable areas or amounts of unsound concrete are found, a structural engineershall specify appropriate corrective action. Cracks exce
36、eding 2 mm (116 in.)in. should be investigated to determine whether theyare still active. Such cracks should be chipped or routed out before being patched, and edges should be undercut slightly, inaccordance with the suggestions and recommendations of applicable portions of ACI 301 and 311, or as re
37、commended by themanufacturer of the patching material. No feathered edges shall be permitted. Tie holes and “bug holes” larger than 16 mm (58in.)in. in diameter or deeper than 3 mm (18 in.),in., or both, should be prepared similarly for patching.5.5.1 The areas to be patched, along with a band at le
38、ast 150 mm (6 in.)6 in. wide surrounding it, should be dampened beforethe patching application to prevent rapid absorption of water from the bonding grout and the patching mortar, or this can beperformed in accordance with the applicable provisions of ACI 301 and 311.5.5.2 Immediately after the surf
39、ace water has evaporated from the dampening step, a bonding grout or bond coat, consisting ofapproximately one part of cement to one part of fine sand passing No. 30 mesh sieve with an amount of water sufficient to obtaina consistency of thick cream, should be brushed thoroughly into the surface, or
40、 this can be performed in accordance with theapplicable provisions of ACI 301 and 311.5.5.3 The patching mortar should be made from the same materials and in the same proportions as the concrete, with theexception of coarse aggregate. (In any case, use no more than one part cement to 2.5 parts sand.
41、) Mix the patching mortarthoroughly with an amount of water sufficient only to obtain the stiffest consistency that will permit placement. Apply the mortaras soon as the bonding coat begins to loose the water sheen. Mortar should be worked thoroughly into place and struck off slightlyhigher than the
42、 surrounding area to allow for some initial shrinkage. Such patches should set for at least 1 hour before surfacefinishing and then be damp-cured for seven days. Any tie holes or “bug holes” should be filled completely with mortar. This canalso be performed in accordance with the applicable provisio
43、ns of ACI 301 and 311.5.5.4 Proprietary materials may be used either in lieu of or in addition to the patching materials described in 5.5.3. Suchcompounds must be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. These proprietary materials must be compatible with,and not interfere with, adhes
44、ion of the waterproofing system to be employed. Proprietary patching materials should be acceptedprior to use and after evaluation by the specifier to determine that they are appropriate for use with the proposed waterproofingmaterials and system.6. Surface Preparation6.1 GeneralMost waterproofing s
45、ystems depend on good adhesion to the concrete. This, in turn, depends on proper surfacepreparation. The concrete surfaces must be free of loose, weak, and unsound materials (including laitance), as well as any chemicalcontamination that may adversely affect the bond. Some tests for the adequacy of
46、the surface preparation are reviewed (see also7.5). The preparation and testing of the concrete surfaces could also be performed in accordance with the applicable provisionsofACI 301 and 311. When there is doubt concerning selection of a cleaningpreparation method, a small trial installation using o
47、neor more cleaningpreparation methods followed by a patch test should be performed.6.2 Scraping is a technique used frequently to remove a thin, top layer of unsound concrete, for example, using a straight, flatedge blade to remove laitance. It does not gouge the surface but still returns to a sound
48、 substrate. It is used instead of sandingbecause sanding tends to drive the dust from the surface into the pores, thereby providing an interfacing or parting film. Cleaningthe surface after scraping is usually performed by air blast using oil-free compressed air. If materials do not adhere to such s
49、urfaces,a primer will frequently be required.6.3 Chemical cleaning may be necessary prior to blast cleaning or acid etching, in order to remove surface contaminants suchas oil, grease, and dirt. Solutions of 10 % caustic soda or of trisodium phosphate may be used as well as proprietary detergentsspecially formulated for use on concrete. They should be applied with vigorous scrubbing, followed by flushing with water toremove all traces of both the detergent and the contaminant, until the surface is neutral or only slightly alkaline, as indicated bylitmus or pH
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