1、Designation: D 5306 92 (Reapproved 2002)e1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLinear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils andHydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEWarning statements were moved from notes to text editorially in March
3、 2003.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linearflame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluidssupported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramicfiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for thecomparison of relative flammability.1.2 This test m
4、ethod should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or firerisk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual firecondit
5、ions. However, results of this test method may be used aselements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factorsthat are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of aparticular end use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purpo
6、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 691
7、 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods22.2 Military Specifications:MIL-H-83282C Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, SyntheticHydrocarbon Base, Aircraft NATO Code Number H-5373MIL-H-46170B Amm.1, Hydraulic Fluid, Rust Inhibited,Fire Resistant
8、, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 linear flame propagation rate, nthe average quotientof the distance of flame travel and the time required for theflame front to travel that distance.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A section of a ceramic
9、 fiber support medium (string) isimpregnated with the sample under specific conditions. Theimpregnated fiber is placed on a standard support. The sampleis ignited and the time required for the flame front to propagateacross a measured distance is determined by use of a thermo-electric system. The av
10、erage propagation rate is then calculatedfrom the measured distance of flame travel and the timerequired for the flame front to propagate over that distance.5. Significance and Use5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is aproperty that is relevant to the overall assessment of theflammabi
11、lity or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricantsand hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scaletest for distinguishing between the relative resistance to igni-tion of such materials. It is not intended to be used for theevaluation of the relative flammability of flammable
12、, extremelyflammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus for measurement of linear flame propagationrates:6.1.1 Open Top Stainless Steel Box, as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Recorder, stripchart, fast responses. A zero-centeredrecorder with a 65 mV range and a one-half seco
13、nd full-scaledeflection capacity has been found to be satisfactory. A chartspeed of at least 1 in./min has been used for most studies.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0.06 on Fir
14、e Resistant Fluids.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 530692(1997).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins
15、 Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50981Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.3 Differential Thermocouple Pair, 30 gage with barejunctions and double fiberglass wrap insulation, ISA, Type J orType K may be prepared from any p
16、remium grade thermo-couple wire.6.1.4 Fume Hood, draft-free when ventilation system is notoperative.6.1.5 Weights,506 0.01 g, with attached hooks; tworequired.6.1.6 Chrome-Plated Tube or Rod, 15 mm diameter by 375mm long.6.1.7 Porcelain or Glass Dish, approximately 135 mLcapacity.7. Materials7.1 Abs
17、orbent Paper Wipers, 375 by 213 mm.7.2 Ceramic Fiber,4twisted yarn type 390/312, 4/5, 2.72 ortype 390/312, 3/4, 2.72. Ceramic fiber size used shall be agreedupon by supplier and consumer and shall be specified in testreport.7.3 Ignition Source, any paper book matches or woodenkitchen matches can be
18、used.8. Procedure8.1 Tie small loops in each end of a 500 mm section ofceramic fiber support (string). Place a few millilitres of thesample to be studied in an evaporating dish. Immerse theceramic fiber support (string) in the liquid sample for 60 s.Avoid immersion of the loops at the end of the str
19、ing.8.2 While the ceramic fiber support (string) is immersed inthe sample, carefully wrap an absorbent paper wiper around the15 mm diameter chrome plated rod. Leave one end of the roduncovered by the wiper.8.3 Remove the ceramic fiber support (string) section fromthe liquid sample and attach a 50 g
20、weight to the loop at eachend. Fix the chrome-plated rod with its absorbent paperwrapping in a horizontal position and hang the soaked stringsection with attached weights over the unwrapped section ofthe rod. Press down gently on the uppermost weight to causethe soaked string to pass over the bare r
21、od, flexing gently as itmoves. When the lower weight has been drawn up to the rod,reverse the process until the first weight has again been drawnup the rod. Repeat the cycle four times to work the samplethoroughly into the string.8.4 Transfer the string with attached weights to the coveredportion of
22、 the chrome-plated rod. Pass the string over theabsorbent paper in the manner described in 8.3. After eachcomplete double cycle, lift the string from the paper, rotate itthrough 180 as it is held taut in a vertical position and thenreplace it on a fresh area of the absorbent medium. Again passthe st
23、ring over the paper in the manner described in 8.3. Repeatuntil four double cycles have been completed.8.5 Place the string support and thermocouple holder in adraft-free hood with the ventilation turned off. Level theapparatus with a spirit level. Place the prepared string on thestring supports. Th
24、e attached weights should be left in place toprovide tension in the string. Adjust the differential thermo-couple junctions so that they are exactly 2 mm directly abovethe string. Connect the differential thermocouple pair to thefast-response, zero-centered strip chart recorder.8.6 Start the recorde
25、r chart after an appropriate warm-upperiod. With an ignition source, ignite the sample on the stringnear its support at one end of the apparatus. Permit the flame toadvance along the string past each thermocouple until itextinguishes itself upon reaching the opposite string support.Stop the recorder
26、 and start the hood ventilator to exhaust thecombustion products of the sample. (WarningTake extremecare to avoid inhalation of the combustion products as ex-tremely toxic substances are formed during the combustion ofsome synthetic materials, especially halogenated andphosphorus-based compounds.)8.
27、7 Measure the horizontal distance between the thermo-couples and interval between the first thermal effects as shownin Fig. 2. From the measured interval, the chart speed of therecorder and the known horizontal distance between thermo-couples in the test apparatus, calculate and report the horizonta
28、llinear flame propagation rate in millimetres per second. If theflame does not advance during the experimental run, or if itextinguishes itself before passing both thermocouples, recordthat fact. Replicate runs shall be made as required.4The sole source of supply of the ceramic fiber known to the co
29、mmittee at thistime is Nextel Ceramic Fiber, manufactured by the 3M Company, 219-1-1, 3MCenter, St. Paul, MN 55144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the respon
30、sible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determination of Linear Flame PropagationRatesFIG. 2 Determination of Linear Flame Propagation Rates: TypicalStripchart RecordD 5306 92 (2002)e129. Calculation and Report9.1 Calculate the linear flame propagation rate as follows:li
31、near flame propagation rate 5dvp(1)where:d = distance between thermocouples, mm (see Fig. 1),v = chart speed in mm/s, andp = distance measured peak to peak between thermaleffects, mm (see Fig. 2).10. Precision and Bias510.1 Precision:10.1.1 Eight laboratories participated in a collaborativestudy to
32、determine the precision and bias of this test method.The study was conducted by sending seven different fluids toparticipating laboratories. Since two different test procedureswere used in Laboratory Number 4, some data were reportedfor Lab 4 and Lab 4A. For analysis purposes, Lab 4 and 4Awere treat
33、ed as independent, resulting in a total of ninelaboratories.10.1.2 The seven fluids used in the study are: Silicate EsterI, Phosphate Ester, MIL-H-5606, MIL-H-83282 I, MIL-H-5606 II, MIL H-83282 II, and Silicate Ester II. Each fluid wasused in conjunction with two support materials,34 and45 .Each co
34、mbination of fluid and support was replicated fivetimes.10.1.3 Appendix X1 contains a table of summary data. Theaverage flame propagation rate in millimetres per second isreported for each fluid and support combination for eachlaboratory. This was calculated from five replicates, except asnoted. An
35、overall average and a standard deviation, S, for eachcombination of fluid and support materials is reported as well.Note that all values in Table X1.1 are reported to threesignificant figures since the majority of raw data points werereported that way. Laboratories 4, 4A, and 8 reported twosignifica
36、nt figures while Laboratory 7 reported four significantfigures.10.1.4 Annex A1 contains a table of precision statistics. Therepeatability standard deviation, Sr, refers to an intralabvariation. The reproducibility standard deviation, SR, refers tolab-to-lab variation. The 95 % repeatability and repr
37、oducibilitylimits are r and R, respectively.10.1.5 The precision of this test method as obtained bystatistical examination of interlaboratory test results is asshown in 10.1.5.1 and 10.1.5.2.10.1.5.1 The difference between successive test results ob-tained by the same operator with the same apparatu
38、s underconstant operating conditions on identical test material, wouldin the long run, in the normal and correct operation of this testmethod exceed the repeatability limits (r) listed in the tables ofprecision statistics (see Annex A1) only in one case in twenty.10.1.5.2 The difference between inde
39、pendent results ob-tained by different operators working in different laboratorieson identical test material, would in the long run, in the normaland correct operation of this test method exceed the reproduc-ibility limits (R) listed in the table of precision statistics (seeAnnex A1) only in one cas
40、e in twenty.10.2 BiasThe linear flame propagation rate is defined bythe present test procedure. No independent measurement isavailable upon which to base a statement of test bias. No biasstatement is possible for this reason.11. Keywords11.1 fire resistance; flame propagation; flammability; hy-draul
41、ic fluids5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1294.D 5306 92 (2002)e13ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. INTERLABORATORY STUDY OF LINEAR FLAME PROPAGATION RATES PRECISION STATISTICSA1.1 Table A1.1 is an interlaborat
42、ory study of linear flame propagation rates precision statistics.TABLE A1.1 Interlaboratory Study of Linear Flame Propagation Rates Precision StatisticsANOTEAll table values are represented in mm/s.Sample Fluid Support XSxSrSRr RSilicateEster I34452.081.540.1860.1390.1260.09170.2170.1610.3520.2570.6
43、080.452PhosphateEster3445BBBBBBBBBBBBMIL-H-5606 I34457.987.571.202.150.9730.8621.502.282.722.414.196.40MIL-H-83282 I34452.561.850.2560.2200.1280.08600.2800.2330.3570.2410.7830.652MIL-H-5606 II34457.917.171.301.830.4760.6281.371.911.331.763.835.35MIL-H-83282 II34452.501.860.2300.1890.1150.06890.2510.
44、1980.3210.1930.7040.550SilicateEster II34452.171.600.2410.1740.09910.06100.2570.1820.2780.1710.7190.511AThe precision statistics were calculated using Practice E 691.where:x = average of the lab averages.Sx = standard deviation of the lab averages.Sr = repeatability standard deviation.SR = reproduci
45、bility standard deviation.r = 95 % repeatability limit.R = 95 % reproducibility limit.BThere was no flame propagation of phosphate ester in any laboratory.D 5306 92 (2002)e14APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. INTERLABORATORY STUDY OF LINEAR FLAME PROPAGATION RATES SUMMARY DATAX1.1 Table X1.1 is a
46、n interlaboratory study of linear flamepropagation rates summary data.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of a
47、ny such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are
48、invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not recei
49、ved a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 Interlaboratory Study of Linear Flame Propagation Rates Summary Da
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