1、Designation: D 5306 92 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLinear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils andHydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linearflame prop
3、agation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluidssupported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramicfiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for thecomparison of relative flammability.1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products,
4、or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or firerisk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test method may be used aselements of fire risk whic
5、h takes into account all of the factorsthat are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of aparticular end use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
6、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 691 Practice for Conducting a
7、n Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Military Specifications:3MIL-H-83282C Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, SyntheticHydrocarbon Base, Aircraft NATO Code Number H-537MIL-H-46170B Amm.1, Hydraulic Fluid, Rust Inhibited,Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base3. Term
8、inology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 linear flame propagation rate, nthe average quotientof the distance of flame travel and the time required for theflame front to travel that distance.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A section of a ceramic fiber support medium (string) isimp
9、regnated with the sample under specific conditions. Theimpregnated fiber is placed on a standard support. The sampleis ignited and the time required for the flame front to propagateacross a measured distance is determined by use of a thermo-electric system. The average propagation rate is then calcu
10、latedfrom the measured distance of flame travel and the timerequired for the flame front to propagate over that distance.5. Significance and Use5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is aproperty that is relevant to the overall assessment of theflammability or relative ignitability of fir
11、e resistance lubricantsand hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scaletest for distinguishing between the relative resistance to igni-tion of such materials. It is not intended to be used for theevaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremelyflammable, or volatile fu
12、els, solvents, or chemicals.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus for measurement of linear flame propagationrates:6.1.1 Open Top Stainless Steel Box, as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Recorder, stripchart, fast responses. A zero-centeredrecorder with a 65 mV range and a one-half second full-scaledeflection capacity has
13、 been found to be satisfactory. A chartspeed of at least 1 in./min has been used for most studies.6.1.3 Differential Thermocouple Pair, 30 gage with barejunctions and double fiberglass wrap insulation, ISA, Type J orType K may be prepared from any premium grade thermo-couple wire.1This test method i
14、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0.06 on Fire Resistant Fluids.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D
15、 530692(2002)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Ord
16、er Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.4 Fume Hood, draft-free when ventilation system is notoperative.6.1.5 We
17、ights,506 0.01 g, with attached hooks; tworequired.6.1.6 Chrome-Plated Tube or Rod, 15 mm diameter by 375mm long.6.1.7 Porcelain or Glass Dish, approximately 135 mLcapacity.7. Materials7.1 Absorbent Paper Wipers, 375 by 213 mm.7.2 Ceramic Fiber,4twisted yarn type 390/312, 4/5, 2.72 ortype 390/312, 3
18、/4, 2.72. Ceramic fiber size used shall be agreedupon by supplier and consumer and shall be specified in testreport.7.3 Ignition Source, any paper book matches or woodenkitchen matches can be used.8. Procedure8.1 Tie small loops in each end of a 500 mm section ofceramic fiber support (string). Place
19、 a few millilitres of thesample to be studied in an evaporating dish. Immerse theceramic fiber support (string) in the liquid sample for 60 s.Avoid immersion of the loops at the end of the string.8.2 While the ceramic fiber support (string) is immersed inthe sample, carefully wrap an absorbent paper
20、 wiper around the15 mm diameter chrome plated rod. Leave one end of the roduncovered by the wiper.8.3 Remove the ceramic fiber support (string) section fromthe liquid sample and attach a 50 g weight to the loop at eachend. Fix the chrome-plated rod with its absorbent paperwrapping in a horizontal po
21、sition and hang the soaked stringsection with attached weights over the unwrapped section ofthe rod. Press down gently on the uppermost weight to causethe soaked string to pass over the bare rod, flexing gently as itmoves. When the lower weight has been drawn up to the rod,reverse the process until
22、the first weight has again been drawnup the rod. Repeat the cycle four times to work the samplethoroughly into the string.8.4 Transfer the string with attached weights to the coveredportion of the chrome-plated rod. Pass the string over theabsorbent paper in the manner described in 8.3. After eachco
23、mplete double cycle, lift the string from the paper, rotate itthrough 180 as it is held taut in a vertical position and thenreplace it on a fresh area of the absorbent medium. Again passthe string over the paper in the manner described in 8.3. Repeatuntil four double cycles have been completed.8.5 P
24、lace the string support and thermocouple holder in adraft-free hood with the ventilation turned off. Level theapparatus with a spirit level. Place the prepared string on thestring supports. The attached weights should be left in place toprovide tension in the string. Adjust the differential thermo-c
25、ouple junctions so that they are exactly 2 mm directly abovethe string. Connect the differential thermocouple pair to thefast-response, zero-centered strip chart recorder.8.6 Start the recorder chart after an appropriate warm-upperiod. With an ignition source, ignite the sample on the stringnear its
26、 support at one end of the apparatus. Permit the flame toadvance along the string past each thermocouple until itextinguishes itself upon reaching the opposite string support.Stop the recorder and start the hood ventilator to exhaust thecombustion products of the sample. (WarningTake extremecare to
27、avoid inhalation of the combustion products as ex-tremely toxic substances are formed during the combustion ofsome synthetic materials, especially halogenated andphosphorus-based compounds.)8.7 Measure the horizontal distance between the thermo-couples and interval between the first thermal effects
28、as shownin Fig. 2. From the measured interval, the chart speed of therecorder and the known horizontal distance between thermo-couples in the test apparatus, calculate and report the horizontallinear flame propagation rate in millimetres per second. If theflame does not advance during the experiment
29、al run, or if itextinguishes itself before passing both thermocouples, recordthat fact. Replicate runs shall be made as required.4The sole source of supply of the ceramic fiber known to the committee at thistime is Nextel Ceramic Fiber, manufactured by the 3M Company, 219-1-1, 3MCenter, St. Paul, MN
30、 55144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determination of Linear Flame Propagatio
31、nRatesFIG. 2 Determination of Linear Flame Propagation Rates: TypicalStripchart RecordD 5306 92 (2007)29. Calculation and Report9.1 Calculate the linear flame propagation rate as follows:linear flame propagation rate 5dvp(1)where:d = distance between thermocouples, mm (see Fig. 1),v = chart speed in
32、 mm/s, andp = distance measured peak to peak between thermaleffects, mm (see Fig. 2).10. Precision and Bias510.1 Precision:10.1.1 Eight laboratories participated in a collaborativestudy to determine the precision and bias of this test method.The study was conducted by sending seven different fluids
33、toparticipating laboratories. Since two different test procedureswere used in Laboratory Number 4, some data were reportedfor Lab 4 and Lab 4A. For analysis purposes, Lab 4 and 4Awere treated as independent, resulting in a total of ninelaboratories.10.1.2 The seven fluids used in the study are: Sili
34、cate EsterI, Phosphate Ester, MIL-H-5606, MIL-H-83282 I, MIL-H-5606 II, MIL H-83282 II, and Silicate Ester II. Each fluid wasused in conjunction with two support materials,34 and45 .Each combination of fluid and support was replicated fivetimes.10.1.3 Appendix X1 contains a table of summary data. Th
35、eaverage flame propagation rate in millimetres per second isreported for each fluid and support combination for eachlaboratory. This was calculated from five replicates, except asnoted. An overall average and a standard deviation, S, for eachcombination of fluid and support materials is reported as
36、well.Note that all values in Table X1.1 are reported to threesignificant figures since the majority of raw data points werereported that way. Laboratories 4, 4A, and 8 reported twosignificant figures while Laboratory 7 reported four significantfigures.10.1.4 Annex A1 contains a table of precision st
37、atistics. Therepeatability standard deviation, Sr, refers to an intralabvariation. The reproducibility standard deviation, SR, refers tolab-to-lab variation. The 95 % repeatability and reproducibilitylimits are r and R, respectively.10.1.5 The precision of this test method as obtained bystatistical
38、examination of interlaboratory test results is asshown in 10.1.5.1 and 10.1.5.2.10.1.5.1 The difference between successive test results ob-tained by the same operator with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material, wouldin the long run, in the normal and correc
39、t operation of this testmethod exceed the repeatability limits (r) listed in the tables ofprecision statistics (see Annex A1) only in one case in twenty.10.1.5.2 The difference between independent results ob-tained by different operators working in different laboratorieson identical test material, w
40、ould in the long run, in the normaland correct operation of this test method exceed the reproduc-ibility limits (R) listed in the table of precision statistics (seeAnnex A1) only in one case in twenty.10.2 BiasThe linear flame propagation rate is defined bythe present test procedure. No independent
41、measurement isavailable upon which to base a statement of test bias. No biasstatement is possible for this reason.11. Keywords11.1 fire resistance; flame propagation; flammability; hy-draulic fluidsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. INTERLABORATORY STUDY OF LINEAR FLAME PROPAGATION RATES PRECISION STAT
42、ISTICSA1.1 Table A1.1 is an interlaboratory study of linear flamepropagation rates precision statistics.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1294.D 5306 92 (2007)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. INTERLABORA
43、TORY STUDY OF LINEAR FLAME PROPAGATION RATES SUMMARY DATAX1.1 Table X1.1 is an interlaboratory study of linear flamepropagation rates summary data.TABLE A1.1 Interlaboratory Study of Linear Flame Propagation Rates Precision StatisticsANOTEAll table values are represented in mm/s.Sample Fluid Support
44、 XSxSrSRr RSilicateEster I34452.081.540.1860.1390.1260.09170.2170.1610.3520.2570.6080.452PhosphateEster3445BBBBBBBBBBBBMIL-H-5606 I34457.987.571.202.150.9730.8621.502.282.722.414.196.40MIL-H-83282 I34452.561.850.2560.2200.1280.08600.2800.2330.3570.2410.7830.652MIL-H-5606 II34457.917.171.301.830.4760
45、.6281.371.911.331.763.835.35MIL-H-83282 II34452.501.860.2300.1890.1150.06890.2510.1980.3210.1930.7040.550SilicateEster II34452.171.600.2410.1740.09910.06100.2570.1820.2780.1710.7190.511AThe precision statistics were calculated using Practice E 691.where:x = average of the lab averages.Sx = standard
46、deviation of the lab averages.Sr = repeatability standard deviation.SR = reproducibility standard deviation.r = 95 % repeatability limit.R = 95 % reproducibility limit.BThere was no flame propagation of phosphate ester in any laboratory.D 5306 92 (2007)4ASTM International takes no position respectin
47、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa
48、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa
49、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-8
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