1、Designation: D 5313 04Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control UnderWetting and Drying Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5313; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating thedurability of rock for erosion control w
3、hen exposed to wettingand drying conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
4、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
5、D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD 49
6、92 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used forErosion ControlD 5121 Practice for the Preparation of Rock Slabs forDurability TestingD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculatingand Reporting Geotechnical Test Data3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Ter
7、mi-nology D 653.4. Significance and Use4.1 Rock used for erosion control may consist of severaltypes, depending on potential use. One type may be armorstone weighing from one to three tons or breakwater stoneweighing three to twenty tons placed along shorelines or injetties to protect the shoreline
8、from erosion due to the action oflarge waves. Another type may be riprap usually weighing lessthan a ton and placed along river banks or on the slopes ofdams to prevent erosion due to run-off, wave action orstream-flow. A third type may be gabion-fill weighing less than22 kg (50 lb) and placed in ba
9、skets of wire or other suitablematerial. These baskets are then tied together to form anintegral structure designed to resist erosion along stream banksand around bridge piers. No matter what form it takes, rock forerosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone.The ability of these i
10、ndividual pieces of stone to resistdeterioration due to weathering action affects the stability ofthe integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence,the stability of construction projects, shorelines, and stream-banks.4.2 This test method is designed to determine the effects onthe individu
11、al pieces of rock for erosion control of wetting anddrying action and the resistance of the rock to deterioration.This test method was developed to be used in conjunction withadditional test methods listed in Practice D 4992. This testmethod does not provide an absolute value but rather anindication
12、 of the resistance to wetting and drying; therefore, theresults of this test method are not to be used as the sole basisfor the determination of rock durability.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependant upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitabilit
13、y of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautionedthat compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliableresults. Reliable resu
14、lts depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 providesa means of evaluation some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Diameter Circular Diamond Saw, 350-mm (14-in.)capable of sawing rock, of the type required for PracticeD 5121.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andR
15、ock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 5313 92 (1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
16、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
17、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Containers, to hold the specimens fully immersed inpotable water. These containers must be non-reactive andunbreakable.5.3 Oven, capable of drying the specimen to a constant massat a temperature of 110 6 5C (230 6 9F).5.4 Drying Apparatus
18、, such as infra-red heat lamps (150 W)or oven set at 65 6 5C (150 6 9F).5.5 Stereomicroscope, or other suitable magnifying devicecapable of at least 203 magnification will be required forexamination of the specimen prior to and after testing.5.6 Balance, capable of determining the mass of the speci-
19、men to the nearest 0.1 % of the total mass in accordance withSpecification D 4753 will be required.5.7 Camera, capable of producing good quality, color pho-tographs will be required for “before” and “after” photographs.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 The number and variety of samples
20、from a source willbe dependent on the geological complexity of that source andwill be left to the judgment of the individual doing thesampling; however, in no case shall the number of samples beless than five per lithologic (rock) unit. Each piece will be of asize such that testing may proceed witho
21、ut further mechanicalcrushing; however, the pieces chosen shall be as large as thetesting laboratory can handle but in no case shall the specimenbe less than 125 mm (5 in.) on a side. In all cases, the samplewill be representative of the various rock types found at thesource.7. Preparation of Test S
22、pecimens7.1 Saw each specimen in accordance with Practice D 5121.Each specimen will be 65 6 5 mm (2.5 6 0.25 in.) thick andcut normal to bedding or any potential planes of weakness thatmay be observed in the samples. In no case will the size of theslab be less than 125 mm (5 in.) on a side, excludin
23、g thethickness. Prepare a separate specimen for each orientation ofthe various planes of weakness unless all such planes can beintersected with one orientation. Planes of weakness will beincluded in each sample such that a determination may bemade as to the durability of the various planes of weakne
24、ss andtheir effect on the overall durability of a rock mass that wouldcontain these planes of weakness.NOTE 2Test specimens may also be prepared by cutting a 65 mm (2.5in.) thick slab from a 150-mm (6-in.) diameter diamond drill core such thatany apparent zones of weakness are included.NOTE 3The bes
25、t estimates of rock durability are the result of testsperformed on the largest possible slabs of rock.8. Procedure8.1 Examine each slab macroscopically and under a mini-mum of 203 magnification. Note the presence of beddingplanes, microfractures, and other planes of weakness and theircondition. Desc
26、ribe each slab as indicated in Practice D 5121.8.2 Label each specimen with a suitable marker. Photographeach test specimen using color film and in such a way that thespecimen covers most of the photograph (wet or partially wetspecimens usually show more detail). A scale will be includedin all photo
27、graphs.8.3 Dry each slab in an oven to a constant mass (6 0.1 % ofthe total mass) at 110 6 5C (230 6 9F) and record. Rock, inwhich visual examination shows that it contains gypsum, shallbe dried at the 140F (60C) temperature recommended in TestMethod D 2216.8.4 Place each specimen (sawed surface dow
28、n) in a con-tainer on a thin layer (6 mm (14 in.) of plus No. 8 size sand.Add enough potable water to the container such that thespecimen is fully immersed and let stand for a minimum of 12h.8.5 Decant the water and place the container under aninfrared heat lamp such that the rock surface is between
29、 40 and50 cm (16 to 20 in.) from the lamp. As an alternative, thesample may be dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 to 70C(140 to 160F). Thoroughly dry the specimen for a minimumof 6 h. At the end of the workday once again fill the containerwith potable water and allow the specimen to soak overni
30、ght.8.6 Repeat the process of wetting and drying for a total of80 cycles.8.7 Examine the specimen every few days for any changesin the specimens condition and photograph as needed.9. Quantitative Examination9.1 For each slab perform the following calculation:percent loss 5 A 2 B!/A 3 100 (1)where:A
31、= oven dried mass of the specimen prior to testing, andB = oven dried mass of the largest remaining piece of eachslab after testing.9.2 Guidance on the number of significant digits to be usedis found in Practice D 6026.10. Qualitative Examination10.1 Visually examine the slab every six cycles for an
32、ychanges that have taken place over the duration of the test anddescribe the changes. Identify the type of deterioration (spal-ling, splitting, disintegration, slaking, and other types ofdeterioration). Note and describe any changes to previouslynoted planes of weakness.10.2 Take color photographs o
33、f each slab at the completionof testing. Provide close-ups of any unusual features. Include ascale for all photographs.11. Report11.1 Report in writing the following information:11.1.1 Identification number,11.1.2 Sample source location,11.1.3 Location of intended use,11.1.4 Rock type.11.1.5 The res
34、ults of the quantitative examination requiredin 9.1, and reported to the nearest 0.1 percent,11.1.6 A written description of the qualitative examinationand the findings of this exam, and11.1.7 “Before” and “After” color photographs.11.2 The following items are optional for the report:11.2.1 Geologic
35、al formation name, and11.2.2 Geological setting of the source with pertinent infor-mation on planes of weakness noted in the field.D531304212. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionDue to the nature of the rock materialstested by this test method, it is, at this time, either not feasibleor too costly to p
36、roduce multiple specimens that have uniformphysical properties. Since specimens that would yield the sametest results cannot be tested, Subcommittee D18.17 cannotdetermine the variation between tests since any variationobserved is just as likely to be due to specimen variation as tooperator or labor
37、atory testing variation. Subcommittee D18.17welcomes proposals to resolve this problem that would allowfor the development of a valid precision statement.12.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod; therefore, bias cannot be determined.13. Keywords13.1 armor stone; breakwater s
38、tone; climatic setting; ero-sion control; gabion-fill; laboratory testing; riprap; rock; rockmaterial properties; wetting-dryingSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D 18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe 1992 edition that may impact the use o
39、f this standard.(1) Added reference to Terminology D 653, Test MethodD 2216 on determination of moisture content, Practice D 3740for reliable results of testing, Specification D 4753 for selectingbalances and scales, and Practice D 6026 for determining theuse of significant digits in calculating and
40、 reporting geotech-nical test data.(2) Added Note 1 on obtaining reliable results during testing,and renumbered subsequent notes.(3) Added Section 3Terminology, and renumbered subse-quent sections.(4) Made editorial change in section 7.6.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity o
41、f any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
42、 revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
43、Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is c
44、opyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5313043
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