1、Designation: D 5375/D 5375M 98 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Methods forLiner Removal at High Speeds from Pressure-SensitiveLabel Stock1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5375/D 5375M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of theadherence of the release liner to th
3、e adhesive of a pressure-sensitive adhesive label.1.2 These test methods provide means of assessing theuniformity of the adhesion to the liner of a given type ofpressure-sensitive label. The assessment may be within a sheetor roll between sheets or rolls or between production lots.1.3 Variation in t
4、he label backing, liner, liner release coat-ing, adhesive, and adhesive coating weight, affect the response.Therefore, these methods cannot be used to pinpoint thespecific cause(s) of nonuniformity.1.4 These test methods may not be appropriate to test labelshaving either relatively stiff backings or
5、 stiff liners, or backingsshowing high stretch at low forces. These characteristics willresult in a high variability of the test response that is not a trueindication of the real nature of the adhesive bond.1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standa
6、rd. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently, without combining values in anyway.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
7、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 3715/D 3715M Practice for Quality Assurance ofPressure-Sen
8、sitive TapesD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers Package orPackage Components for TestingE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality for a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 General definitions for packaging and distributionenvironments are in accor
9、dance with Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 pressure-sensitive labelthe combination of face ma-terial, pressure-sensitive adhesive, and liner.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe adhesive is permanently tacky andinstantly adheres to whatever surface the label is designed f
10、or.Also, defined as a self-adhering label.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Test Method A The label stock is adhered to a rigidplatform with double-coated tape with the liner side up. Theliner is peeled from the adhesive at a specific rate. The liner ispeeled back over itself at 180 angle.4.2 Test Metho
11、d B The label stock is adhered to a rigidplatform with double-coated tape with the liner side up. Theliner is peeled from the adhesive at a specified rate. The lineris peeled from the label stock at an angle of 90 to the stock.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are a tool for development
12、andquality assurance use. Given a specific pressure-sensitive labeland liner and a requirement in terms of the minimum formaximum peel value expected for this liner removal from thelabel, the data from the test can be used in conjunction withacceptance criteria.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen Cutter The sp
13、ecimen cutter shall hold twosingle-edged razor blades in parallel planes, a precise distanceapart, to form a cutter of exact specimen widths. Two cutters,12.7 and 25.4-mm or 0.5 and 1-in. cutting width, shall beavailable. (See Fig. 1.)1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、D10 onPackaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published Oct. 1998. Originallypublished as D 537593. Last previous edition D 537593.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
15、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1The 12.7-mm or 0.5 in.
16、cutter shall consist of a 0.5 in. thickby 200 mm or 8 in. length of aluminum bar stock 12.7-mm or 0.5 in. wide.The edges for about 125 mm or 5 in. from one end shall be roundedslightly to form a handle. The width of the bar for 75 mm or 3 in. from theopposite end shall be narrowed to exactly 12.7 mm
17、 or 0.500 in. minus thethickness of a single razor blade (one or two used as cutting edges). Therazor blades shall be held in position using side plates. The end of thecutter shall be cut away at a 45 angle to expose the cutting edge at oneend of the blades. The edges shall be separated by 12.7 mm 6
18、 0.127 mmor 0.500 6 0.005 in. A 25.4-mm or 1 in. cutter shall follow the samedescription, except that the barstock width shall be 25.4 mm or 1 in. andshall be narrowed to exactly 25.4 mm or 1.00 in. minus the thickness ofa single razor blade.6.2 Roller,3mechanically operated:6.2.1 A steel roller, 82
19、 6 2.5 mm or 3.25 6 0.1 in. indiameter and 35 6 1.5 mm or 1.75 6 0.05 in. in width, coveredwith rubber approximately 6.35 mm or 0.25 in. in thickness,having a Shore Scale A durometer hardness of 80 6 5. Thesurface of the roller shall be a true cylinder void of any concaveor convex deviations. The ma
20、ss of the roller shall be 2040 6 45gor4.56 0.1 lb.6.2.2 No part of the apparatus shall increase the mass of theroller during use. The roller shall move mechanically at the rateof 5.0 6 0.2 mm/s or 12.0 6 0.5 in./min.NOTE 2A simple check to determine if the rubber surface is cylindri-cal is to wrap t
21、he roller in a very thin paper (onion skin) and drag it acrossa flat glass plate on which is placed a carbon paper, face up. The carbonrubs off onto the thin paper wrapper to reveal high spots or hollows on therubber surface.6.3 Adhesion Tester4An adhesion tester that has a mov-able platform or clam
22、p for holding the test panel specimen anda means of moving the panel parallel with the direction of thestressing clamp so that the specimen is held either in the sameplane or perpendicular to the stressing clamp and moved at auniform rate of 467 6 0.2 mm/s or 300 in./min away from theclamp and a vis
23、ual readout or an autographic device forrecording the load. Calibration should be performed as in themanufacturers instructions in the operating manual.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D 3715/D 3715M for rolls and Practice E 122 for sheet stock.7.2 Use a minimum of five s
24、amples for development. This iscommon practice to use a minimum of five specimens takenfrom several rolls or sheets, among several production runs oflabel stock. Strong conclusions about a specific propertycannot be based on test results of a single unit of product.8. Test Specimens8.1 The specimen
25、shall be 25.4 mm or 1 in. wide. Atolerance of 0.40 mm or 6164 in. shall be allowed. The lengthshall be approximately 150 mm or 6 in.8.2 If the samples are in a roll form discard at least three butno more than six outer wraps of label from the sample rollbefore taking the specimen for testing.8.3 Rem
26、ove one specimen, minimum length of 150 mm or6 in. per sample roll or sample sheet.8.4 When the label stock is wider than 25.4 mm or 1 in.specimens of the widest specified width are to be cut from thecenter strip removed from the roll or sheet.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the sample roles in the sta
27、ndard conditioningatmosphere as described in Practice D 4332 for a period of notless than 24 h. Test at these conditions. If other conditionsdescribed within Practice D 4332 are used add that informationto the report.10. Procedure10.1 Test Method A180 Liner Removal at High Speed(See Fig. 2):10.1.1 A
28、pply a strip of double-coated tape, as wide as thespecimen, the full length of the platform. Remove the linerfrom the double-coated tape. Superimpose 127 mm or 5 in. of3Available from Chemsultants International, 9349 Hamilton Drive, HeisleyCommerce Park, Mentor, OH 440611118.4One source for an adhes
29、ion tester is the TLMI Release and Adhesion Testeravailable from Testing Machines, Inc., Amityville, NY.FIG. 1 Specimen CutterFIG. 2 180 Liner Removal at High SpeedD 5375/D 5375M 98 (2004)2one end of the specimen, backing side down, against thedouble-coated tape on the platform. Make two passes with
30、 themechanical roller. Separate the liner from the label at the freeend and cut away from the free label stock. Do not disturb theliner adhered to the label on the platform.10.1.2 Individually prepare each specimen and test within 5min or at a predetermined dwell time.NOTE 3Different dwell times may
31、 give different results. Peel adhe-sion changes with dwell time at different rates for various labels. Adifferent dwell time may be chosen purposely.10.1.3 Clamp the free end of the liner into the stressingclamp. Operate the platform separation speed at 467 mm/s or300 in./min, or selected rate.NOTE
32、4Record separation speed if not at the prescribed 300 in./min(7.62 m/min) and record dwell time.10.2 Test Method B 90 Liner Removal at High Speed (SeeFig. 3):10.2.1 Apply a strip of double-coated tape, as wide as thespecimen, the full length of the platform. Remove the linerfrom the double-coated ta
33、pe. Superimpose 127 mm or 5 in. ofone end of the specimen, backing side down, against thedouble-coated tape on the platform. Make two passes with themechanical roller. Separate the liner from the label at the freeend cut away the free label stock. Do not disturb the lineradhered to the label on the
34、platform.10.2.2 Individually prepare each specimen and test imme-diately (within 1-min dwell time).NOTE 5Various dwell times may give different results. Peel adhesionchanges with dwell time. A different dwell time may be chosen purposely.10.2.3 Position the platform and stressing clamp at thepositio
35、n that maintains a 90 angle of the stressing clamp to theplatform.10.2.4 Clamp the free end of the liner into the stressingclamp. Operate the platform separation at 467 mm/s or 300in./min or selected rate.NOTE 6Record separation speed if not at 467 mm/s or 300 in./min andrecord dwell time.11. Calcul
36、ation11.1 If observed pull value is not in ounces or newtons,convert to ounces or newtons. Calculate peel adhesion newtonsper 100 mm or ounces per inch.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Statement of which test method was used and indi-cating any deviations from the test method a
37、s written, such asremoval speed etc.12.1.2 Complete indentification of each specimen tested,including label source, manufacturers code number, and form,12.1.3 Anomalous behavior during the test (that is, adhesivetransfer or splitting),12.1.4 Peel adhesion value in newtons/100 mm of width tothe neare
38、st 0.1 N/100 mm, or ounces per inch of width to thenearest 0.1 oz/in.12.1.5 Dwell time, and12.1.6 Transparent tape reinforcement, if used and transpar-ent tape thickness.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionBased upon data from a single laboratory,the repeatability coefficient for Test MethodAis appr
39、oximately5 %. The standard deviation is approximately 5 % of theaverage. The coefficient of variation for Test Method B isapproximately 10 %. An interlaboratory test program will beconducted to determine between laboratory reproducibility.13.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe pr
40、ocedure in this test method because no accepted referencevalue is available.14. Keywords14.1 high-speed removal; label stock; liner removal;pressure-sensitive adhesiveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin th
41、is standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must b
42、e reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theres
43、ponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
44、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 3 90 Liner Removal at High SpeedD 5375/D 5375M 98 (2004)3
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