1、Designation: D5402 15Standard Practice forAssessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic CoatingsUsing Solvent Rubs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a solvent rub technique forassessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating thatchemica
3、lly changes during the curing process. This techniquecan be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricatingshop. Test Method D4752 is the preferred method for ethylsilicate zinc-rich primers.1.2 This practice does not specify the solvent, number ofdouble rubs, or expected test results.1.
4、3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro
5、-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Consult thesuppliers Safety Data Sheet for specific hazard informationrelating to the solvent used.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum
6、 Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl KetoneD843 Specification for Nitration Grade XyleneD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness ofProtective Coating Systems by
7、 Destructive, Cross-Sectioning MeansD4752 Practice for Measuring MEK Resistance of EthylSilicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent RubD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Ap
8、plied to Non-Ferrous Metals3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 double rub, nthe act of rubbing a cloth in onecomplete forward and back motion over a coated surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 Coatings that chemically change during the curingprocess, such as epoxies,
9、 vinyl esters, polyesters, alkyds andurethanes, become more resistant to solvents as they cure.These coatings should reach specific levels of solvent resis-tance prior to being topcoated and prior to placing in service;the levels of solvent resistance necessary vary with the type ofcoating and the i
10、ntended service. Rubbing with a cloth satu-rated with the appropriate solvent is one way to determinewhen a specific level of solvent resistance is reached. However,the level of solvent resistance by itself does not indicate fullcure and some coatings become solvent resistant before theybecome suffi
11、ciently cured for service.4.2 The time required to reach a specific level of solventresistance can be influenced by temperature, film thickness, airmovement and, for water-borne or water-reactive coatings,humidity.4.3 The test solvents effect upon the coating varies withcoating type and solvent used
12、. The coating manufacturer mayspecify the solvent, the number of double rubs, and the specifictest results needed.5. Materials and Equipment5.1 Solvent:5.1.1 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), conforming to Specifi-cation D740,or5.1.2 Mineral Spirits, conforming to Specification D235,or5.1.3 Xylene, conform
13、ing to Specification D843,or5.1.4 Other Solvents, as specified by the coating manufac-turer or user.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective
14、 Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5402 06 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D5402-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 100 % Cotton, Shop Cloth or Cheesecloth. Cheeseclothis for coil c
16、oatings, mesh grade 28 by 24. Approximately 300by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.) and contrasting in color to thecoating being evaluated, or other mutually agreed upon cloth.5.3 Proper Safety Equipment, as determined from the sol-vent MSDS, for example, solvent resistant gloves, respirator.6. ProcedureMethod
17、A (Standard Method)6.1 If the testing is being performed in a laboratory setting,before actually testing the specimens, perform a sufficientnumber of double rubs with the index finger covered with acotton cloth on a laboratory balance such that 1000 to 2000 gof force is constantly being applied. Thi
18、s is the amount ofpressure the operator will apply when testing the specimens,and will be considered as being moderate pressure.6.2 Select areas on the coated surface at least 100-mm(4-in.) long on which to run the tests. Clean the surface with tapwater to remove any loose material and allow to dry.
19、6.3 Measure the dry-film thickness of the coating in theselected areas in accordance with Test Methods D4138 orPractice D7091. Mark a 100- by 25-mm (4- by 1-in.) rectan-gular test area on the undamaged, cleaned surface using apencil or other suitable solvent resistant marker.6.4 Fold the cotton clot
20、h into a pad of double thickness andsaturate it to a dripping wet condition with the specifiedsolvent. Do not allow more than 10 s to elapse beforeproceeding to the next steps.6.5 Place the properly protected index finger into the centerof the pad while holding excess cloth with the thumb andremaini
21、ng fingers of the same hand. With the index finger at a45 angle to the test surface, rub the rectangular test area withmoderate pressure first away from the operator and then backtowards the operator. Use the amount of pressure determined in6.1. One forward and back motion is one double rub, andcomp
22、lete at the rate of approximately 1/s.6.6 Continue rubbing the test area for a total of 25 doublerubs. Take care to stay within the rectangular test area.6.7 If additional solvent rubs are specified, reposition thefinger on an unused clean portion of the cloth and re-saturatethe cloth with the selec
23、ted solvent to a dripping wet condition.Do not allow more than 10 s to elapse before continuing thedouble rub procedure on the marked test area for an additional25 double rubs. Repeat this step until reaching the specified testcriteria, such as, until the substrate becomes visible, or until apredete
24、rmined number of double rubs have been performed. Ifmultiple specimens are being tested in a laboratory, it may beuseful to occasionally check the pressure exerted on a balancewith a dry cotton cloth between specimens.NOTE 1If multiple specimens are being tested and fatigue sets inmaking it difficul
25、t to maintain the 1000 to 2000 g force, stop testing (aftercompleting a specimen) until fatigue is gone.6.8 If the film has not been removed down to the substrate,immediately inspect the middle 75 mm (3 in.) of the rubbedarea, disregarding 13 mm (12 in.) at each end, for fingernailhardness and visua
26、l changes in appearance, comparing therubbed area with an adjacent unrubbed area. Gloss andhardness will tend to return to initial values as the recoverytime increases. The following methods may be used to evaluatethe solvent-rubbed area: gloss may be measured in accordancewith Test Method D523; pen
27、cil hardness with Test MethodD3363; film thickness of the rubbed area by the same methodused in 6.3 (allow up to 24 h for the coating to recover beforemeasuring film thickness).NOTE 2It may be difficult to measure film thickness and gloss in thenarrow solvent-rubbed area of the panel.Method B (Coil
28、Coaters Method)6.9 This Method is similar to Method A except with thefollowing changes:6.9.1 For testing in a laboratory setting, us a balance tocheck the pressure applied with a finger using the procedure in6.1. Note the amount of pressure required to apply 2000 to3000 g of force. This will be cons
29、idered to be moderate toheavy pressure. Use cheesecloth as stated in 5.2.6.9.2 Use the same procedure as in 6.2 except select an area200 mm (8 in.) long.6.9.3 Use the same procedure as in 6.3 except mark off anarea 200 mm (8 in.) long.6.9.4 Use the same procedure in 6.4.6.9.5 Use the procedure in 6.
30、5 except rub at the rate of 100double rubs per min.6.9.6 Use the procedure in 6.6.6.9.7 Use the procedure in 6.7 except for the following note:NOTE 3If fatigue sets in, making it difficult to maintain the 2000 to3000 g force, stop testing until fatigue is gone.6.9.8 Use the procedure in 6.8.NOTE 4It
31、 is known that some operators have used cotton swabs or anobject of consistent weight (such as a ball peen hammer) to performsolvent double rubs. It was determined in an interlaboratory study thatthese alternative methods produce results that are more variable thanresults obtained when using either
32、method A or B. The results can befound in Appendix X2.7. Report7.1 Report, as a minimum, the following information:7.1.1 Description of cloth used,7.1.2 Solvent used,7.1.3 Number of double rubs,7.1.4 Film thickness before rubbing, and7.1.5 If additional measurements are made (gloss, hardness,etc.) n
33、ote the time between the completion of the double rubsand the test.7.2 Additional information, such as temperature, humidity,weather conditions. Elapsed time between coating applicationsand conducting the test can affect test results and should bereported whenever possible.7.3 Appendix X2 contains a
34、 “Solvent Double Rub Test”form that may be helpful in reporting test results.8. Keywords8.1 coating; curing characteristics; double rub method; dry-ing or curing; paint; recoat time; service time; solvent resis-tance; solvent rub methodD5402 152APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. INTERLABORATORY
35、 TESTINGX1.1 An interlaboratory study in which five laboratoriesparticipated was performed to compare alternative methods ofperforming solvent double rub testing.X1.2 The interlaboratory study utilized four differentmethods, using methyl ethyl ketone as the solvent (MEK).X1.2.1 Method 1 was the stan
36、dard method (Method A) inaccordance with Practice D5402.X1.2.2 Method 2 was a modified version of Practice D5402in which a double rubs were performed with double-endedcotton swab with a cardboard shaft. One end of the cotton swabwas dipped into solvent and 13 double rubs were performed.Then the othe
37、r end was dipped, and 12 double rubs wereperformed (25 rubs per double-ended swab.) The swab wasdiscarded, and another 25 double rubs were performed with afresh swab. Enough pressure was applied to the shaft of theswab to bend it, but not to break it.X1.2.3 Method 3 was a modified version of Practic
38、e D5402in which a double rubs were performed with a 2-lb ball peenhammer. The cotton cloth was fastened to the ball end of thehammer with a wire. It was dipped in solvent every 25 rubs.The cloth was not repositioned each time.X1.2.4 Method 4 was the coil coaters method (Method B)in accordance with P
39、ractice D5402.X1.3 Solvent rub testing was performed on 3 differentcoatings technologies: an alkyd, an epoxy, and a coil coating(baking polyester). Testing was performed in triplicate withmethyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Double rubs were performed untilthe substrate was exposed, or for a maximum of 200, w
40、hich-ever came first. Cotton shop cloths purchased from the samepaint supply store were used for all testing.X1.4 The results are in Table X1.1 and Table X1.2.TABLE X1.1 Results (Number of Double Rubs)Laboratory 1 Laboratory 2 Laboratory 3 Laboratory 4 Laboratory 5Trial: 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2
41、3Standard MethodEpoxy 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200Alkyd 26 40 29 50 50 50 50 55 66 27 44 40 50 56 34Coil 200 166 175 200 200 200 200 200 165 43 100 180 45 100 163Cotton SwabEpoxy 200 200 200 150 125 133 75 110 117 38 50 38 135 175 137Alkyd 59 66 90 50 50 50 25 45 37 52
42、 47 39 44 57 63Coil 174 175 163 75 70 75 50 70 70 75 25 50 36 29 712# Ball Peen HammerEpoxy 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200Alkyd 45 65 75 75 75 100 50 70 57 143 68 65 120 193 57Coil 109 85 89 100 75 75 50 40 55 100 82 85 65 98 100Coil Coaters MethodEpoxy 200 200 200 200 2
43、00 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200Alkyd 51 63 60 50 50 50 36 49 35 38 41 35 33 35 45Coil 135 111 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 91 98 58D5402 153X2. SOLVENT DOUBLE RUB TESTX2.1 Solvent Double Rub Test Form:Coating Identification:Generic type:Manufacturer:Number of components:Applica
44、tion InformationDate Applied:ATime applied:ASubstrate: Area coated:ASurface temperature:Temperature:AHumidity:AAir movement:ATest InformationDate Tested: Time tested:Cure time:ASolvent:Cure conditions:ANumber of double rubs specified:Temperature:AHumidity:AAir movement:AResultsNumber of double rubs
45、performed:Results Before Rubbing After Rubbing SpecifiedDry-film thickness:Method used:Recovery Time:Appearance:Hardness:Method used:Gloss:Condition of cloth:Tested by:AThe temperature humidity, weather conditions, elapsed time between coating application, and conducting the test can impact test res
46、ults and should be reportedwhenever possible.TABLE X1.2 StatisticsStandard DeviationAmong Trials(Repeatability)SD AmongLabs(Reproducibility)Coefficient ofVariation AmongTrials(Repeatability)CV AmongLabs(Reproducibility)Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4 Lab 5 Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4 Lab 5Standard MethodEpoxy 0
47、.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Alkyd 6.0 0.0 6.7 7.3 11.4 9.1 19.0 0.0 11.7 19.6 24.4 20.4Coil 14.4 0.0 16.5 56.2 59.0 41.8 8.0 0.0 8.8 52.2 57.5 26.9Cotton SwabEpoxy 0.0 10.4 18.4 5.7 22.5 52.5 0.0 7.7 18.3 13.5 15.1 41.9Alkyd 13.3 0.0 8.2 5.4 9.7 11.8 18.5 0.0 23.0 11.6 17.8 22.9Coi
48、l 5.4 2.4 9.4 20.4 22.5 46.1 3.2 3.2 14.9 40.8 49.6 57.32# Ball Peen HammerEpoxy 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Alkyd 12.5 11.8 8.3 36.1 68.1 23.4 20.2 14.1 14.0 39.2 55.2 27.9Coil 10.5 11.8 6.2 7.9 19.7 16.5 11.1 14.1 12.9 8.8 22.4 20.5Coil Coaters MethodEpoxy 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.
49、0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Alkyd 5.1 0.0 6.4 2.4 6.4 8.0 8.8 0.0 15.9 6.4 17.1 17.9Coil 37.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 46.4 25.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.9 27.9D5402 154ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee a
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