1、Designation: D5408 93 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Guide forSet of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site;Part OneAdditional Identification Descriptors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5408; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe units statement in 1.4 was revised and inch-pound units were deleted through
3、out editorially in August 2010.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers Part One of three guides to be used inconjunction with Practice D5254 that delineates the datadesirable to describe a ground-water data collection or sam-pling site. This guide describes additional information beyondthe minimum set of data
4、 elements that may be needed toidentify a ground-water site. Part Two identifies physicaldescriptors, such as construction, for a site, while Part Threeidentifies usage descriptors, such as monitoring, for an indi-vidual ground-water site.NOTE 1A ground-water site is defined as any source, location,
5、 orsampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from anatural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facilitycan include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontalin orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, boreholes, p
6、onds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulicallyconnected to the ground water, are appropriate for the use intended.NOTE 2Part Two (Guide D5409) includes individual site characteris-tic descriptors (7 data elements), construction descriptors (56 dataelements), lift descriptors (16 d
7、ata elements), geologic descriptors (26 dataelements), hydraulic descriptors (20 data elements), and spring descriptors(11 data elements). Part Three (Guide D5410) includes monitoringdescriptors (77 data elements), irrigation descriptors (4 data elements),waste site descriptors (9 data elements), an
8、d decommissioning descriptors(8 data elements). For a list of descriptors in this guide, see Section 4.1.2 These data elements are described in terms used byground-water hydrologists. Standard references, such as theGlossary of Geology and various hydrogeologic professionalpublications, are used to
9、determine these definitions. Many ofthe suggested elements and their representative codes are thoseestablished by the Water Resources Division of the U.S.Geological Survey and used in the National Water InformationSystems computerized data base (1-9).2NOTE 3The purpose of this guide is to suggest da
10、ta elements that canbe collected for ground-water sites. This does not uniquely imply acomputer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type ofpermanent file.NOTE 4Component and code lists given with some of the dataelements, for example “Format of Other Data,” are only suggestions.Th
11、ese lists can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intendedby the company or agency maintaining the ground-water data file.NOTE 5Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposesonly and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.1.3 This guide includes the data elements desi
12、rable toidentify a ground-water site beyond those given in the “Mini-mum Set of Data Elements.” Some examples of the dataelements are map identification, permitting facts, and support-ing information. No single site will need every data element,for example, many ground-water sites do not need the da
13、taelements described in the legal record group. Each record(group of related data elements) for a site has mandatory dataelements, such as the date for the ownership record. However,these elements are considered necessary only when that spe-cific record is gathered for the site.1.4 The values stated
14、 in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
15、ealth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conj
16、unction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be applied without con
17、sideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D
18、18.21 on Ground Water andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D540893(2004).DOI: 10.1520/D5408-93R10E01.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at t
19、he end ofthe text.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Gro
20、und-Water SiteD5409 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGround-Water Site; Part TwoPhysical DescriptorsD5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGround-Water Site;Part ThreeUsage Descriptors3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this guide, seeTerm
21、inology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 codea suggested abbreviation for a component, forexample, “F” is the code suggested for the “Files (Raw Data)”component of data element “Format of Other Data.”3.2.2 componenta subdivision of a data element, forexample, “Files (Raw
22、 Data)” is one of four componentssuggested for data element “Format of Other Data.”3.2.3 data elementan individual segment of informationabout a ground-water site, for example, “Format of OtherData.” The data element is in the “Other Data Record” record.3.2.4 recorda set of related data elements tha
23、t may needto be repeated to fully describe a ground-water site. Forexample, a ground-water site that has a series of separate datafiles will need more than one “Other Data Record” record (therecord includes data elements, other data type, other datalocation, and format of other data) to fully docume
24、nt thehistory of the site. However, if only a single separate data fileexists for the well, the record is utilized once.3.2.5 record groupa set of related records. For example,the “Supporting Information Record Group” includes theowner record, site visits record, other identification record,other da
25、ta record, and remarks record. Some record groupsconsist of only one record, for example, the “Legal RecordGroup” includes only the legal record.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide includes the following additional identifica-tion descriptor data elements to describe a ground-water site.The universal
26、element accompanies any data element requiringa confidence classification. Single elements usually need oneentry for a site, while repeated elements commonly requireseveral records to fully describe the conditions and history ofthe site:Universal ElementData Confidence ClassificationSingle ElementsG
27、eographic Location:Land-Net LocationLocation MapMap ScaleMethod Altitude DeterminedPolitical RegimesCongressional DistrictSource Identifiers:Mean Greenwich Time OffsetSite Reference in ReportSite in a Computer Data BasePhotography/Sketch Available of SiteRepeated ElementsLegal Record Group:Legal Rec
28、ord:Permitting AgencyPriority DateApplication NumberApplication DateCertification NumberCertification DatePermit NumberPermit DateWater AllocationSupporting Information Record GroupOwner Record:Date of OwnershipOwners NameSite Visits Record:Date of VisitPerson Who Made VisitPurpose of VisitOther Ide
29、ntification Record:Other Name, Number, or IdentificationAssignerOther Data Record:Other Data TypeOther Data LocationFormat of Other DataRemarks Record:Remark DateRemarkRemark Source5. Significance and Use5.1 Data at ground-water sites are gathered for many pur-poses, each of which generally requires
30、 a specific set of dataelements. For example, when ground-water quality is a con-cern, not only are the minimum set of data elements requiredfor the site, but information concerning the sample collectiondepth interval, method of collection, and date and time ofcollection are needed to fully qualify
31、the data. Another groupof elements are recommended for each use of the data, such asaquifer characteristics or water-level records. Normally themore information that is gathered about a site by fieldpersonnel, the easier it is to understand the ground-waterconditions and to reach valid conclusions a
32、nd interpretationsregarding the site.5.2 The data elements listed in this guide and Guides D5409and D5410 should assist in planning what information can begathered for a ground-water site and how to document thesedata.NOTE 6Some important data elements may change during the exist-ence of a site. For
33、 example, the elevation of the measuring point used forthe measurement of water levels may be modified because of repair orreplacement of equipment. This frequently occurs when the measuringpoint is an opening in the pump and the pump is modified or replaced.Because changes cannot always be anticipa
34、ted, it is preferable to referencethe height of the measuring point to a nearby, permanent altitude datum.The measuring point is referenced by being the same altitude (zerocorrection) or above (negative correction) or below (plus correction) thealtitude datum. All appropriate measurements should be
35、corrected in3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D5408 93 (2010)12reference to the altitude datum
36、before entry into the permanent record.Care must be exercised to keep the relationship of these data elementsconsistent throughout the duration of the site.5.3 Some data elements have an extensive list of compo-nents. For example, the aquifer identification list described inGuide D5409, has over 500
37、0 components. Lengthy lists ofpossible components are not included in this guide, however,information on where to obtain these components is includedwith the specific data element.NOTE 7This guide identifies many sources, lists, etc., of informationrequired to completely document information about a
38、ny ground-watersite.6. Documentation of Universal Element6.1 For any element that requires a Confidence Classifica-tion, document the data confidence classification for thatspecified critical data element for the ground-water site.Field-measured or laboratory-determined values have varyingdegrees of
39、 accuracy depending upon the methods used toobtain the information. This subjective or judged confidenceshould be documented for each measured data element by theagency or company that gathered or recorded the information,or both. Suggested components for the data confidence classi-fication and repr
40、esentative codes are as follows:AValue is accurate to within the tolerance of the mea-surement instrument.IValue is judged to be inaccurate due to improper instru-mentation or bias instrumentation or laboratory methods.NNot verified, value was obtained from another sourceand due to the mature of the
41、 data, cannot be verified.NOTE 8At a minimum, it is important, and often sufficient, that databe classified subjectively by experienced professionals. It is not alwayspossible or necessary to objectively quantify the confidence that a datauser might have in a data value, but a professional classific
42、ation can beuseful. For the purposes of the three guides, the word confidence refers toa subjective professional judgment on data accuracy as represented by thethree data confidence classification components, and does not imply themore rigorous confidence limits or interval as used by statisticians.
43、NOTE 9A critical data element is one that the value can be fieldmeasured or laboratory determined with an instrument that has a statisti-cally resolved degree of precision. Many data elements gathered forground-water sites require no accompanying confidence classification, forexample, owners name, l
44、ocation map, type of lift, etc. Each data elementthat generally requires an accompanying confidence classification will beso noted in these guides.7. Documentation of Miscellaneous Singular DataElements7.1 IntroductionA vast number of data elements can bedocumented about a ground-water site to thoro
45、ughly describeits location, physical features, relationship to other features onthe earths surface, and to designate what information isgathered at the site. These data elements typically are tran-scribed once for a site, in contrast to data elements that may berepetitive, such as water levels. Many
46、 of these data areextremely valuable in the characterization of sites that fall intocertain categories, for example wells, for which the locationmap is an essential element to assist in properly positioning thewell.7.2 Geographic Location:7.2.1 Land-Net LocationIn addition to the locational datarequ
47、ired by the minimum set of data elements, land-netlocation may be a general land office description of the sitesposition on the surface of the earth. This description is used inmany parts of the United States to subdivide the land intosections, townships, and ranges for the purpose of governmen-tal
48、administration and originally was used (beginning in 1786)as a systematic method for the disposal of unoccupied land(10). An abbreviated form of this description is used by manywater agencies, in the many parts of the country, as the primarymethod of systematically cataloging ground-water sites. The
49、method allows for the location of sites to a minimum of a onehectare tract (1256 th of a section) within a specified section,township, range, and meridian. The meridian designation mustbe included to denote where the township and range are locatedin the National grid system. An example of a one hectarelocation is “Northeast14 of the Southeast14 of the Northwest14 of the Southwest14 , Section 22, Township 45 South, Range87 West, Boise meridian.” This location is usually abbreviatedto a form similar to “NESENWSW Sec. 22, T45S, R87W B.”A number of for
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