1、Designation: D 5431 93 (Reapproved 2001)e1Standard Performance Specification forWoven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional andHousehold Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5431; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in February 2001.1. Scope1.1 This specif
3、ication covers the evaluation of specificperformance characteristics of importance in woven and knitflat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutionaland household environments.1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreementbetween the purchaser and the supplier to establish p
4、urchasingspecification requirements.1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length andwidth directions for those properties where fabric direction ispertinent.1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knitproducts used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheetproducts used fo
5、r apparel.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re
6、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles2D 1230 Test Method for Flammability of Textiles2D 1424 Test Method for Tear Resistance of Woven Fabricsby Falling Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus2D 1776 Practice for Co
7、nditioning Textiles for Testing2D 2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabricsby the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)2D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles2D 3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Ap-parel, T
8、extile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products2D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random TumblePilling Tester Method3D 3786 Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength ofKnitted Goods and Nonwoven FabricsDiaphragmBursting Strength Tester M
9、ethod3D 3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of KnittedGoods: Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test3D 3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted Fabrics3D 3938 Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instruc-tions for Apparel and Other Textile Products3D 5034 Test Method for
10、Breaking Strength annd Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)32.2 AATCC Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16A Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-Arc Lamp, ContinuousLight16E Colorfastness to Light: Water-Cooled Xenon-ArcLamp, Continuous Light6
11、1 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home, and Commercial:Accelerated88B Appearance of Seams in Durable Press Items AfterRepeated Home Launderings96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering ofWoven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod124 Appear
12、ance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Launder-ing135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Launderingof Woven and Knit Fabrics143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End ProductsAfter Repeated Home LaunderingsEvaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for S
13、tainingEvaluation Procedure 3 AATCC Chromatic TransferenceScaleNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition
14、approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W
15、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.pertinent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test methods.The current edition of each test method shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 fitted sheet, nin textiles, a product usually madewith boxed corners, sometimes elasticized
16、 with shape and sizeto conform to the contours of the mattress and used forcovering the mattress on a bed.3.1.2 flannel, nas applied to bed sheeting, a napped fabricused in the fabrication of sheeting products.3.1.3 flat sheet, nin textiles, a flat, hemmed product,usually rectangular, used for cover
17、ing the mattress on a bed andused for sleeping on or under.3.1.4 muslin, nas applied to bed sheeting, a plain weavefabric with not fewer than 128 yarns/in.2(128 yarns/645 mm2).3.1.5 percale, nas applied to bed sheeting, a plain weavefabric with not fewer than 180 yarns/in.2(180 yarns/645 mm2).3.1.6
18、sheet, nin textiles, a large rectangular fabricatedproduct which is used over a mattress on a bed. The productmay be carded or combed yarn in a wide range of fabricconstructions.3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC testmethods
19、, Terminology D 123 and Terminology D 3136, oryour dictionary.4. Significance and Use4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end useshould meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of thisspecification.4.2 It is recognized th
20、at for purposes of fashion or aesthet-ics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabricsmay find acceptable products that do not conform to all of therequirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement between the purcha
21、ser and the supplier.4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shallspecify that: “This product meets ASTM Specification _except for the following characteristic(s).”4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedbetween the purchaser and the supplier, and in case ofcontroversy, t
22、he requirements listed in Table 1 are intended tobe used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumerdemands dictate varying performance parameters for anyparticular product.4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
23、specified test methods.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristicsRequirementsWovenNon-flannelFlannelKnittedSectionPolyester/Cotton 100 % Cotton Flannel/Non-flannelBreaking Force 7.1CRT Method Each DirectionA222 N (50 lbf) min 178 N (40 lbf) min 156 N (35 lbf) minBursting ForceA222 N (50 lbf)
24、min 7.1.2Tear Resistance, ElmendorfA7.1.3Each Direction 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) minPilling 4.0 NA NA 4.0 7.1.4Dimensional Change: 7.1.5Durable Press (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % max 4 % maxNondurable Press (Nonpreshrunk)Length 8 % max 8 % max 8 % maxWidth 6 % m
25、ax 6 % max 6 % maxPreshrunk (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % maxLaundered Appearance Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable 7.2.1Fabric Appearance SA 3.0 min SA 2.2 minBNA SA 3.0 min 7.1.6Bow and Skewness 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 7.1.7Colorfastness To:CLaundering: 7.1.8.1Alterat
26、ion in Shade Class 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDStaining Class 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minECrocking: 7.1.8.2Dry Class 4 minFClass 4 minFClass 4 minFClass 4 minFWet Class 3 minFClass 3 minFClass 3 minFClass 3 minFLight (20 AATCC FU), 7.1.8.3Xenon-ArcEStep 4 minDStep 4 minDS
27、tep 4 minDStep 4 minDPerspiration 7.1.8.4Alteration In Shade Class 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDStaining Class 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEFlammability Class I Class I Class I Class I 7.1.9AThere is more than one standard method that can be used to measure breaking force,
28、bursting force, tear resistance, and lightfastness. These methods cannot be usedinterchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them. See Notes 2-5 and Note 8.BRecommended requirement for Easy Care Products which must be ironed.CClass in colorfastness and 5A rating is based on a nu
29、merical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change,color transfer or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.EAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.FAATCC Chromatic Transference Scal
30、e.D 543125. Sampling5.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agree-ment, consider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of asingle item as a single shipment.5.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory SamplesFor acceptancetesting, take lot samples and laboratory samples as directed ineach of the ap
31、plicable test methods.5.3 SpecimensTake the number of specimens directed ineach of the applicable test methods. Perform the tests on theproducts as it reaches the customer. Any “partially finished” or“post-finish” fabrics should be processed in accordance withthe fabric manufacturers instructions.5.
32、4 If the applicable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D 2905 todetermine the number of specimens per laboratory sample unit.5.4.1 Use a reliable estimate of the variability of individualobservations on similar materials in the users laboratory,5.4.2
33、A 95 % probability level, and5.4.3 An allowable difference of 5 % of the average be-tween the test results on laboratory sampling units and theaverage for the laboratory sampling unit.5.4.4 The average for a laboratory sampling unit is theaverage that would be obtained by applying the test method to
34、all of the potential specimens from that laboratory samplingunit.6. Specification Requirements6.1 The properties of institutional and household sheetproducts shall conform to the specification requirements inTable 1 or by mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier.7. Testing For Househol
35、d and Institutional Use7.1 Test MethodsFabricThe physical and colorfastnessproperties of the fabrics in the sheet products shall be evaluatedas directed as follows:7.1.1 Breaking ForceDetermine the breaking force asdirected in the grab test procedure of Test Method D 5034,using a constant-rate-of-tr
36、averse (CRT) tensile testing machinewith the speed of the pulling jaw at 300 6 10 mm/min (12 60.5 in./min).NOTE 2If preferred, a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile test-ing machine may be used. The crosshead speed should be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier. There may be no
37、overallcorrelation between the results obtained with the CRT machine and withthe CRE machine. Consequently, these two breaking load testers cannot beused interchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRT method shallprevail.7.1.2 Bursting Force (Knit Fabrics Only)Determine thebursting force of knit f
38、abrics in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as directed in Test Method D 3786 or TestMethod D 3787 as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtainedwith the CRT machine equipped with a bursting attachment and thediaphra
39、gm bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannotbe used interchangeably. In the case of controversy, the motor-drivendiaphragm tester method (Test Method D 3786) shall prevail.NOTE 4The precision of the bursting strength testers has not beenestablished. The methods are accordingly
40、 not recommended for accep-tance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check in the labora-tories of the purchaser and the supplier, using randomized replicatespecimens of the material to be evaluated.7.1.3 Tear ResistanceDetermine the tear resistance ofwoven fabrics as directed in Test Meth
41、od D 1424.NOTE 5If preferred, the use of Test Methods D 2261 or D 2262 ispermitted, with existing requirements as given in this specification. Theremay be no overall correlation between the results obtained with the tonguetear testers and the Elmendorf Tester. Consequently, these three testerscannot
42、 be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, Test MethodD 1424 shall prevail.7.1.4 PillingDetermine pilling as directed in Test MethodD 3512 with a test time (run time) of 30 min.7.1.5 Dimensional ChangeDetermine the maximum di-mensional change after five launderings following permanentlyattach
43、ed care label instructions and as directed in AATCCMethod 135 for household use or AATCC Method 96 forinstitutional use as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.7.1.5.1 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas specified by the seller when using AATCC Method 135 forhousehold pr
44、oducts or AATCC Method 96 for institutionalproducts.7.1.5.2 When chlorine bleach is to be used, introduce onecup of any liquid chlorine household bleach containing 5.25 %sodium-hypochlorite (5.0 % available chlorine) into the washerin the manner directed on the bleach container. When non-chlorine bl
45、each is to be used, introduce it into the washer in theamount and manner directed on the bleach container.NOTE 6Nondurable press items can be flat bed pressed after tumbledrying to eliminate wrinkles before measuring.7.1.6 Fabric AppearanceDetermine the smoothness ap-pearance of non-flannel fabric p
46、roducts after five launderingsas directed in Test V-A of AATCC Method 124 unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.7.1.7 Bow and SkewnessBefore and after laundering,determine the bias of the sheeting fabrics as directed in MethodD 3882 or by mutual agreement between the pur
47、chaser and thesupplier.7.1.8 Colorfastness:7.1.8.1 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to laun-dering as directed in Test 4-A of AATCC Method 61 unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Use Multifiber Test Fabric No. 105, to determine the stainingcharacteristics.NOTE 7For
48、 all unbleachable items, Test 3-A will be used.7.1.8.2 CrockingDetermine colorfastness to dry and wetcrocking as directed in AATCC Method 8 for solid shades andAATCC Method 116 for prints or as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.7.1.8.3 LightDetermine colorfastness to light as directe
49、din AATCC Method 16A or AATCC Method 16E.NOTE 8There is a distinct difference in spectral distribution between5Multifiber Test Fabric, No. 10 is available from Test Fabrics, Inc., P.O. Box420, Middlesex, NJ 08841.D 54313the xenon fading lamp apparatus and the enclosed carbon-arc (notsunshine-carbon arc). Consequently, these two fading apparatus cannot beused interchangeably since there is no known overall correlation betweenthem. In case of controversy, AATCC Method 16E shall prevail.7.1.8.4 PerspirationDetermine colorfastness to perspira-tion as direct
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