1、Designation: D5446 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forDetermining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, andSewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is a listing of the test methods commonlyemployed in deter
3、mining the physical properties of fabrics andyarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraintsmay be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spunyarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.1.3 Fabrics used in the ma
4、nufacturer of inflatable restraintsmay be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piecewoven, follow the sampling section of D5446 and the indi-vidual test method.1.4 In Section 9, this practice lists is alphabetical order theprocedures associated with conducting physical testing of thefollowing
5、 fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design andmanufacture of inflatable restraints.Yarn SectionDenier (Yarn Number) 9.3.1Fiber Content 9.3.2Finish (Extractable Material) 9.3.3Strength and Elongation 9.3.4Twist 9.3.5FabricAir Permeability 9.3.6Abrasion Resistance 9.3.7Blocking 9.3.8Bow and S
6、kew 9.3.9Breaking Force therefore, each systemmust be used independent of the other.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
7、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD204 Test Methods for Sewing ThreadsD276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in TextilesD737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Text
8、ile FabricsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)3D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD1422/D1422M Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarnsby the Untwist-Retwist Method1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofA
9、STM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5446 08. DOI:10.1520/D5446-08R13.2For referenced ASTM
10、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.or
11、g.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-CountingD1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD1777 Test Method for Thickness of
12、 Textile MaterialsD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-ber) by the Skein MethodD2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in TextilesD2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by theTongue (Single Rip)
13、 Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Countof Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD3786 Test Meth
14、od for Bursting Strength of TextileFabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted FabricsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4032 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the CircularBend ProcedureD4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistanc
15、e of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D4851 Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics forArchitectural UseD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5427 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Inflatable RestraintFabricsD5587 Test Method for Tearin
16、g Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid ProcedureD6476 Test Method for Determining Dynamic Air Perme-ability of Inflatable Restraint FabricsD6478 Test Method for Determining Specific Packability ofFabrics Used in Inflatable RestraintsD6479 Test Method for Determining the Edgecomb Resis-tance of Woven Fabr
17、ics Used in Inflatable RestraintsD6613 Practice for Determining the Presence of Sizing inNylon or Polyester FabricD6799 Terminology Relating to Inflatable RestraintsF778 Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of FiltrationMedia2.2 Federal Standards:4Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302Flammability2.3
18、SAE Standards:5J912-A Resistance to BlockingJ1351 Determination of Odor2.4 Ford Motor Company Standards:6FLTM BO116-03 Fogging StandardFLTM BN13-1 Coating Adhesion2.5 AATCC Methods:7Method 81 pH of WaterExtract from Wet Processed Tex-tiles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 For all terminology relatin
19、g to D13.20, Inflatablerestraints, refer to Terminologies D3990 and D6799.3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:coated fabric, inflatable restraint.3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, see TerminologyD123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are taken from sample rol
20、ls of fabric andtested using prescribed laboratory procedures, conditions andequipment by the supplier to determine the physical propertiesof the fabric in accordance with the requirements of thepurchaser.5. Significance and Use5.1 EveryASTM test method listed in 2.1 contains a sectiondescribing its
21、 particular significance and use. Other test meth-ods listed in 2.1 of this practice may contain sections pertainingto their particular significance and use.5.2 The physical testing procedures in this practice can beused in conjunction with lot sampling procedures as a basis foracceptance testing of
22、 commercial shipments of inflatablerestraint fabrics. They may be used to establish the criteria bywhich inflatable restraint fabrics will be tested by the supplierto determine whether a lot of material is acceptable forshipment to the purchaser.5.3 This practice addresses all the physical propertie
23、s thatdescribe inflatable restraint fabrics and their commonly usedtest methods. Unless otherwise specified by agreement ofpurchaser and supplier, these standard test methods shallconstitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment usedto determine the physical properties of fabrics used in in
24、flatablerestraints. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishinga written material specification. The specification or agreementof purchaser and supplier may deviate from the practicesdescribed herein when (based on experience) considerations offabric properties, material handling equipm
25、ent, or inflatablerestraint system design dictate otherwise.6. Apparatus6.1 Periodic laboratory certification of test equipment usedin accordance with this practice is required to reduce testvariability due to precision and bias.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printi
26、ngOffice, Washington, DC 20525.5Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 CommonwealthDrive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.6Available from Ford Motor Company, Engineering Department, Body Engi-neering Building, Room 1145, 21500 Oakwood Boulevard, Dearborn, MI 48124.7Available from American
27、 Association of Textiles Chemists and Colorists, POBox 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.D5446 08 (2013)26.2 For inflatable restraints, all test equipment used inaccordance with the procedures referenced in this practice shallbe certified for calibration annually by an independent agencyor equ
28、ipment manufacturer whose results are traceable toNational Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) or othernational standards laboratory. The test parameters of theequipment shall be tested within the operating ranges coveredin the material specification or equivalent document.7. Sampling7.1 Lot
29、Sample:7.1.1 For the size of an acceptance sampling lot of fabric forinflatable restraints, use the number of fabric rolls in ashipment of a single fabric style unless otherwise agreed uponbetween the purchaser and supplier. If the fabrics are one piecewoven, use the number of units in the shipment
30、as theacceptance sampling lot.7.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon by purchaser andsupplier, take as a lot sample all of the rolls or one piece wovenunits in a shipment of fabric. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units.7.1.3 For the size of an acceptance lot of yarn, use the lotdeter
31、mination and sample plan agreed upon by purchaser andsupplier.7.2 Laboratory Sample:7.2.1 An entire roll of fabric or a full-width cut from the endof a roll within a lot sample or one piece woven unitsconstitutes a laboratory sample depending on which physicalproperty is to be tested.7.2.1.1 For fab
32、ric width, fabric bow, and fabric length, therolls in the lot sample serve as the laboratory sample.7.2.1.2 For all other physical properties, take as the labora-tory sample a full width cut of fabric2m(2yd)long from theend of each roll in the lot sample if there is no evidence that thefabric is dis
33、torted; if there is evidence of physical distortion onthe outside of the fabric roll, take a sample cut from theresulting end of the roll after removing and discarding thedistorted portion of fabric.7.2.2 An entire yarn package constitutes a laboratorysample for yarn testing.7.3 Test Specimens:7.3.1
34、 Test specimens are the pieces of yarn or fabric unitsthat actually undergo testing. The fabric units may be entirefabric rolls , one piece woven units or fabric pieces cut fromthe laboratory sample in accordance with physical testingrequirements of a specific test method.7.3.2 For fabric width, fab
35、ric bow, and fabric length, therolls in the lot sample serve as the test specimens. For all otherphysical properties to be tested, the test specimens are thefabric pieces cut from the laboratory sample in accordance withthe respective test method.7.3.3 Take specimens from different positions across
36、the rollwidth or one piece woven units when testing physical proper-ties oriented in the warp direction; take specimens fromdifferent positions along the roll length or one piece wovenunits when testing physical properties oriented in the fillingdirection.7.3.4 Take no test specimen closer to the se
37、lvage of thefabric than110 the width of the fabric or 125 mm (5 in.),whichever is smaller.8. Conditioning8.1 Test specimens shall be preconditioned as directed bythe particular test method or as agreed upon between thepurchaser and supplier.8.2 Prior to testing a physical property, the test specimen
38、sshall be brought to moisture equilibrium at ambient atmo-spheric pressure, at 21 6 1C (70 6 2F), and at 65 % 6 2%relative humidity, unless directed to do otherwise by the testprocedure or an agreement by purchaser and supplier.8.3 Equilibrium is considered to have been reached whenthe increase in m
39、ass of the specimen in successive weightingsmade at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % ofthe mass of the specimen.NOTE 1Certain fibers and coatings may exhibit slow rates ofachieving moisture equilibrium. When this occurs, a preconditioning cyclesuch as described in Practice D1776
40、may be agreed upon betweencontractual parties.9. Procedures9.1 Secure test specimens from laboratory samples in ac-cordance with the sampling section (Section 7) of this practicefor each test required by the material specification or agree-ment of purchaser and supplier.9.2 Precondition and conditio
41、n the test specimens in accor-dance with the conditioning section (Section 8) of this practicefor each test required by the material specification or agree-ment of purchaser and supplier.9.3 Test the specimens in accordance with each test methodspecified.9.3.1 Determine the denier or yarn number in
42、accordancewith Test Method D1907 for packaged yarn or Test MethodD1059 for beamed yarn or yarns removed from fabric testspecimens.9.3.1.1 When using Test Method D1907, make one deter-mination from each package in the laboratory sample.9.3.1.2 When using Test Method D1059, use twenty-five(25) specime
43、ns selected from each laboratory sample in boththe warp and filling directions.9.3.2 Determine the fiber content of the yarn in accordancewith Test Method D276, making one determination from eachyarn package in the laboratory sample.9.3.3 Determine the finish or extractable material content inyarn i
44、n accordance with Test Method D2257, using one testspecimen of ten grams removed from each laboratory sample.9.3.4 Determine the single-end strength and elongationproperties of yarns removed from yarn packages, beams, andfabric specimens in accordance with Test Method D2256, usingten test specimens
45、from each laboratory sample.9.3.5 Determine the amount and direction of twist in yarnsin accordance with Test Method D1423.9.3.5.1 Determine the twist in single spun yarns on pack-ages and yarns removed from beams and fabric samples inD5446 08 (2013)3accordance with Test Method D1422/D1422M, using t
46、en testspecimens selected from each laboratory sample.9.3.5.2 Determine the twist in single, ply and cabled fila-ment yarn or ply and cable twist in spun yarns on packages andyarns removed from beams and fabric samples in accordancewith Test Method D1423, using ten test specimens selectedfrom each l
47、aboratory sample.9.3.6 Determine the fabric air permeability of each unit inthe lot sample in accordance with Test Method D737, usingfive test specimens selected from each laboratory sample sothat no two specimens contain the same warp or filling yarns.For additional information on calibration and u
48、se of airpermeability test equipment, see Test Method F778.9.3.7 Determine the fabric abrasion resistance for each unitin the lot sample in accordance with Test Method D4157, usingfive test specimens selected from both the warp and fillingdirections of the fabric rolls.9.3.8 Determine the blocking o
49、f a coated fabric in accor-dance with Test Method SAE J912-A using five test specimensselected from each laboratory sample so that no two testspecimens contain the same warp or filling yarns.9.3.9 Determine the fabric bow and skew of each unit in thelot sample in accordance with Test Method D3882 in threeplaces spaced as widely as possible along the roll length. Makeno measurement closer to the ends of the roll than 1 m (1 yd).9.3.10 Determine the fabric breaking force and elongationin accordance with Test Method D5034 in five places in boththe warp and filling directions.9
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