1、Designation:D5450/D5450M11 Designation: D5450/D5450M 12Standard Test Method forTransverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound PolymerMatrix Composite Cylinders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5450/D5450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of origina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defen
3、se.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the transverse tensile properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced byhigh-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90) cylinders in axial tension for determination of transversetensile properties.1.2 The technical content
4、of this standard has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders.As thereis limited technical support for the maintenance of this standard, changes since that date have been limited to items required toretain consistency with otherASTM D30 Committee standards, includin
5、g editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidanceon specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The standard, therefore, should not be considered to include anysignificant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the standard will only be in response to spec
6、ificrequests and performed only as technical support allows.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining val
7、ues from the twosystems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to
8、establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD25
9、84 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced ResinsD2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced PlasticsD3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite MaterialsD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium C
10、onditioning of Polymer Matrix CompositeMaterialsD5448/D5448M Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite CylindersD5449/D5449M Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite CylindersE4 Practices for Force Verification of
11、Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord ModulusE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcess1This test method is unde
12、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina andLaminate Test Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5450/D54
13、50M93 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/D5450_D5450M-11.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5450/D5450M 11. DOI:10.1520/D5450_D5450M-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM
14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made
15、 to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyr
16、ight ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E132 Test Method for Poissons Ratio at Room TemperatureE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic
17、Bonded Resistance Strain GaugesE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE1012 Practice forVerification ofTest Frame and SpecimenAlignment UnderTensile and CompressiveAxial ForceApplicationE1237
18、 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and
19、 PracticeE177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence overother standards.NOTE 1If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical dimensions are stated immediately following the term (or letter symbol) infundamen
20、tal dimension form, using the following ASTM standard symbology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: M for mass,L for length, T for time, u for thermodynamic temperature, and nd for non-dimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is restricted to analyticaldimensions when used
21、with square brackets, as the symbols may have other definitions when used without the brackets.3.2 Descriptions of Terms:3.2.1 hoop wound, na winding of a cylindrical component where the filaments are circumferentially oriented.3.2.2 specimen, na single part cut from a winding. Each winding may yiel
22、d several specimens.3.2.3 transverse tensile elastic modulus, E22ML1T2, nthe tensile elastic modulus of a unidirectional material in thedirection perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers.3.2.4 transverse tensile strain at failure, 22utnd# , ut nd, nthe value of strain, perpendicular to the reinforcin
23、g fibers in aunidirectional material, at failure when a tensile force is applied in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers.3.2.5 transverse tensile strength, s22ut,ML21T22# , , ML1T2,nthe strength of a unidirectional material when a tensile forceis applied in the direction perpendicul
24、ar to the reinforcing fibers.3.2.6 winding, nan entire part completed by one winding operation and then cured.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A thin walled hoop wound cylinder nominally 100 mm 4 in. in diameter and 140 mm 5.5 in. in length is bonded intotwo end fixtures. The specimen/fixture assembly i
25、s mounted in the testing machine and monotonically loaded in tension whilerecording force. The transverse tensile strength can be determined from the maximum force carried prior to failure. If the cylinderstrain is monitored with strain gages, then the stress-strain response of the material can be d
26、etermined. From the stress-strainresponse the transverse tensile strain at failure, transverse tensile modulus of elasticity, and Poissons ratio can be derived.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to produce transverse tensile property data for material specifications, research and de
27、velopment,quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors which influence the transverse tensile response and should, therefore,be reported are: material, methods of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing,specimen alignment and grippi
28、ng, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, whichmay be obtained from this test method include:5.1.1 Transverse Tensile Strength, s22ut,5.1.2 Transverse Tensile Strain at Failure, 22ut,5.1.3 Transverse Tensile Modulus of Elasticity, E22, and5.1.4
29、 Poissons Ratio, y21.6. Interference6.1 Material and Specimen PreparationPoor material fabrication practices, lack of control of fiber alignment, and damageinduced by improper specimen machining are known causes of high material data scatter in composites.6.2 Bonding Specimens to Test FixturesA high
30、 percentage of failures in or near the bond between the test specimen and thetest fixtures, especially when combined with high material data scatter, is an indicator of specimen bonding problems. Specimento fixture bonding is discussed in 11.5.6.3 System AlignmentExcessive bending may cause prematur
31、e failure, as well as highly inaccurate modulus of elasticitydetermination. Every effort should be made to eliminate excess bending from the test system. Bending may occur due to misalignedgrips, misaligned specimens in the test fixtures, or from departures of the specimen from tolerance requirement
32、s. The alignmentshould always be checked as discussed in 13.2.7. Apparatus7.1 Micrometers, suitable ball type for reading to within 0.025 6 0.010 mm 0.001 6 0.0004 in. of the specimen inner andD5450/D5450M 122outer diameters. Flat anvil type micrometer or calipers of similar resolution may be used f
33、or the overall specimen length and thegage length (the free length between the fixtures).7.2 Tension FixtureThe tension fixture consists of a steel outer shell, insert, load rod, and spherical washer. An assemblydrawing for these components and the test fixture is seen in Fig. 1.7.2.1 Outer ShellThe
34、 outer shell (metric units Fig. 2, english units Fig. 3) is circular with a concentric circular hollow in oneface, a grove along the diameter of the other face, and a center hole through the thickness. Along the diameter perpendicular tothe grove, three pairs of small eccentric holes are placed at t
35、hree radial distances. The two outer pairs of holes are threaded. Fouradditional threaded holes are placed at the same radial distance as the innermost pair of holes, at ninety degree intervals startingforty-five degrees from the diameter that passes through the center grove.7.2.2 InsertThe fixture
36、insert is circular with a center hole through the thickness (metric units Fig. 4, english units Fig. 5).Two sets of holes are placed along a concentric centerline. These holes align with the innermost set of holes in the outer shell. Theset of four holes at ninety degree intervals are counterbored.
37、The insert is fastened inside the hollow of the outer shell to form theconcentric grove used to put the specimen in the fixture (Fig. 1).7.2.3 Load Rod and Spherical WashersTwo spherical washers for self alignment are placed over a 0.750-UNC-2A 3 6.0 inchload rod. The load rod is then slid through t
38、he center hole of the outer shell and insert assembly as illustrated in Fig. 1.7.2.4 The outer shell and insert for the tension fixture are the same outer shell and insert used for the fixtures in Test MethodsD5448/D5448M and D5449/D5449M.7.3 Testing Machine, comprised of the following:7.3.1 Fixed M
39、emberA fixed or essentially stationary member to which one end of the tension specimen/fixture assembly,shown in Fig. 1, can be attached.7.3.2 Movable MemberAmovable member to which the opposite end of the tension specimen/fixture assembly, shown in Fig.1, can be attached.7.3.3 Drive Mechanism, for
40、imparting to the movable member a uniform controlled velocity with respect to the fixed member,this velocity to be regulated as specified in 11.6.7.3.4 Force IndicatorA suitable force-indicating mechanism capable of showing the total tensile force carried by the testspecimen. This mechanism shall be
41、 essentially free of inertia-lag at the specified rate of testing and shall indicate the force withinan accuracy of 61 % of the actual value, or better.The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified in accordance with PracticeE4.7.3.5 Construction MaterialsThe fixed member, movable member, dr
42、ive mechanism, and fixtures shall be constructed of suchmaterials and in such proportions that the total longitudinal deformation of the system contributed by these parts is minimized.7.4 Strain-Indicating DeviceForce versus strain data shall be determined by means of bonded resistance strain gages.
43、 Eachstrain gage shall be 6.3 mm 0.25 in. in length. The specimen shall be instrumented to measure strain in both the axial andcircumferential directions to determine Poissons ratio. Strain gage rosettes (0/45/90) shall be used to correct for gagemisalignment. Gage calibration certification shall co
44、mply with Test Method E251. Some guidelines on the use of strain gages oncomposites are as follows. A general reference on the subject is Tuttle and Brinson.37.4.1 Surface PreparationThe surface preparation of fiber-reinforced composites, discussed in Practice E1237, can penetratethe matrix material
45、 and cause damage to the reinforcing fibers, resulting in improper specimen failures. Reinforcing fibers shouldnot be exposed or damaged during the surface preparation process. The strain gage manufacturer should be consulted regarding3Tuttle, M. E., and Brinson, H. F., “Resistance-Foil Strain-Gage
46、Technology as Applied to Composite Materials,” Experimental Mechanics, Vol 24, No. 1, March 1984;pp. 5464; errata noted in Vol 26, No. 2, Jan. 1986, pp. 153154.FIG. 1 Assembly Drawing for Tension Fixture and SpecimenD5450/D5450M 123surface preparation guidelines and recommended bonding agents for co
47、mposites, pending the development of a set of standardpractices for strain gage installation surface preparation of fiber-reinforced composite materials.7.4.2 Gage ResistanceConsideration should be given to the selection of gages having larger resistance to reduce heatingeffects on low-conductivity
48、materials. Resistances of 350V or higher are preferred. Additional considerations should be given tothe use of the minimum possible gage excitation voltage consistent with the desired accuracy (1 to 2 volts is recommended) tofurther reduce the power consumed by the gage. Heating of the specimen by t
49、he gage may affect the performance of the materialdirectly, or it may affect the indicated strain due to a difference between the gage temperature compensation factor and thecoefficient of thermal expansion of the specimen material.7.4.3 Temperature ConsiderationsConsideration of some form of temperature compensation is recommended, even whentesting at standard laboratory atmosphere. Temperature compensation is required when testing in nonambient temperatureenvironments.7.4.4 Transverse SensitivityConsideration s
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