1、Designation: D5519 15Standard Test Methods forParticle Size Analysis of Natural and Man-Made RiprapMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the particle size and massanalysis of natural and man-made riprap and related materials,includi
3、ng filter stone or coarse bedding materials.1.2 These test methods are generally intended for riprap andrelated materials. They are applicable for mixtures of stonesscreened from natural deposits, blast rock, processed materialsfrom quarried rock, or recycled concrete. They are applicablefor sizes 3
4、 in. (75 mm) and above, with the upper size limitedonly by equipment available for handling and determining themass of the individual particles.1.3 Four alternate procedures are provided. There is a widerange in the level of effort and the precision of the testprocedures. It is important for specifi
5、ers to indicate the testprocedure. Test reports should clearly indicate which procedurewas used.NOTE 1While conducting these test methods, it may be convenient tocollect data on other attributes, such as the amount of slab pieces anddeleterious materials.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall
6、conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculatedvalue(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculatedvalue(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significan
7、tdigits in the specified limits.1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not cons
8、ider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to
9、consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to SI units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.
10、5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
11、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for
12、Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Us
13、ed forErosion ControlD5240 Test Method for Testing Rock Slabs to EvaluateSoundness of Riprap by Use of Sodium Sulfate orMagnesium SulfateD5312 Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock forErosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing ConditionsD5313 Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Ro
14、ck forErosion Control Under Wetting and Drying ConditionsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock forErosion Control.Current edi
15、tion approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5519 14. DOI:10.1520/D5519-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
16、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6825 Guide for Placement of
17、 Riprap RevetmentsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical termsused in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bedding (riprap)an aggregate mixture place
18、d belowthe riprap. (See D6825 for further information.)3.2.2 slab piecespieces of riprap that exhibit dimensionalratios of the thickness to width or width to length, or both, inexcess of a specified ratio. The specified ratios typically rangefrom 1:4 to 1:3 or less.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The f
19、ollowing four test methods for evaluating particlesize distribution are available: Methods A and B involvedetermining the mass of the material. Methods C and D involvemeasuring the sizes. Generally, the precision is highest forMethod A, and consecutively lowest for Method D. Theadvantages to using d
20、ifferent methods depend on resources,sampling frequency and quantity, and to some extent thematerial size uniformity.4.1.1 Test Method AA sample of the material is obtained,the mass of each individual particle is determined and re-corded. Test Method A is the most rigorous. It is most easilyimplemen
21、ted for small sized rock that can be handledmanually, or for very limited samples of large pieces.4.1.2 Test Method BA sample of the material is obtained,grouped into mass ranges. Each pile within a given range hasits mass determined.4.1.3 Test Method CA sample of the material is obtained,the size o
22、f each particle is measured and grouped into sizeranges, and the size ranges are converted to mass.4.1.4 Test Method DA sample of the material is parti-tioned within a revetment, particle sizes are measured andgrouped into size ranges, and the size ranges are converted tomass.5. Significance and Use
23、5.1 Riprap is commonly used to prevent erosion of under-lying materials due to the effects of rain runoff, wind, flowingwater, or wave action. The particle size distribution (mass ofparticles) is an important physical characteristic of riprap, asdiscussed in Guide D6825. These test methods provide a
24、gradation of the material graphically represented as percentfiner than the particle mass. If a gradation can be established oraccepted on the basis of only maximum and minimum particlesizes, then it may not be necessary to establish the completegradation in accordance with these test methods.5.2 The
25、se test methods can be used during evaluation of apotential source, as a means of product acceptance, or forassessment of existing installations. Method D is not recom-mended as a means of product acceptance.5.3 Other characteristics of interest, such as particle shape,particle angularity, or visual
26、ly evident rock durability charac-teristics may be determined during the performance of thesetest methods.5.4 Interpretation of test results must consider the represen-tativeness of the sample.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent upon the competence of the personnel
27、performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in its
28、elf ensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Scales, of adequate capacity to determine the mass ofthe sorted riprap pieces either individually or in whole. For TestMethod A (or calibrations for
29、 Test Methods B and C), the scalewill be accurate to 1 % of the indicated mass. Calibrated orcertified commercial truck or quarry scales of adequate capac-ity are typically used. For individual particle measurementsusing Test Method A, hoist line load cells have been usedsuccessfully. For Test Metho
30、d B, the scale will be accurate to5% of the indicated mass. If bucket scales are used, they shallbe subject to calibration and verification with a certified truckscale.6.2 Sieves or Templates, meeting the requirements of Speci-fication E11 for sizes up to 5 in. (125 mm). For sizes larger than5 in. (
31、125 mm), single-opening templates may be fabricated forthe required sizes. Templates may be fabricated from steel baror other sufficiently rigid materials in the sizes required. Fortemplates openings from 5 in. to 16 in. (125 to 400 mm), theopenings shall be within 62 % of the size, for templatesgre
32、ater than 16 in. (400 mm), the openings shall be within60.25 in. (6.3 mm). Sieves and templates should be checkedon a regular basis to verify squareness, straightness, andconformance to opening tolerances. Hand grips or handlesshould be considered for ease of use. For larger sizes, it hasbeen found
33、useful to fabricate templates in the form of aC-shaped caliper representing the sieve opening and thediagonal of the sieve opening (see Fig. 1).6.3 Handling Equipment, such as forklifts and loaders forsampling, transporting, sorting, loading for transport,weighing, and other tasks involved in the ph
34、ysical performanceof the test.6.4 Tape Measures for determining particle size dimensionsto estimate mass or determine slab pieces.6.5 Proportional Calipers, fabricated in a sufficient size orsizes for use in determining if pieces meet or exceed dimen-sional ratios to be considered slab pieces (see F
35、ig. 1).6.6 Miscellaneous Equipment, such as spray paints to markpieces, rock hammers, cameras for photographic or videodocumentation, sample bags, tags or signs, data-recordingforms, heavy work gloves, safety goggles or glasses, respira-tors or dust masks, and steel-toed boots or caps, as required f
36、orthe work.D5519 1527. Hazards7.1 The test facility needs to be adequately large to allowtrucks, loaders, and other required equipment to operate safelyduring test sample placement within areas or bins for sorting bysize or mass.7.2 Performance of these test methods includes the moving,lifting, meas
37、urement, and transfer of large pieces of rock. Thispresents the potential for personnel injury from crushing,dropped or rolling of the riprap pieces. Whenever possible, thesample should be spread to a single layer depth to reducepersonnel hazard from rolling or falling pieces.7.3 Personnel performin
38、g these test methods will be in thevicinity of working heavy equipment and precautions shouldbe taken to prevent injury from equipment.7.4 Working with and around the pieces may subject per-sonnel to dust, flying particles, falling pieces, and excessivenoise. Personnel should be adequately equipped
39、and trained inthe use of personal protective equipment.8. Sampling8.1 The precision and representativeness of these test meth-ods is directly related to the sampling process. The samplingshould be carefully planned and executed to achieve optimumrepresentativeness. Relevant project stakeholders shou
40、ld beinvolved in the planning process. The sampling plan should bedocumented and included as a part of the final report.8.2 The mass of the total test specimen should be largeenough to ensure a representative gradation and should be suchthat it provides test results to the desired level of accuracy.
41、 Oneanalogy is to consider a test specimen size of such size that theaddition or loss of the largest expected piece will not changethe results by more than a specified percentage.3NOTE 3Example: For a test specimen size to achieve a 1 % accuracy,assume that the largest individual piece mass is expec
42、ted to be 150 lb (68kg). For this piece to represent less than 1 %, the sample mass would be15 000-lb (6 800-kg) minimum. For this piece to represent less than 5 %accuracy, the sample size would be 3000-lb (1360-kg) minimum.8.3 Take an adequate amount of sample to ensure that theminimum test specime
43、n mass is available, however samplingwill not be to a predetermined exact mass. Composite sampleswill be allowed only when included in the sample plan.8.4 Composite samples are not recommended, since it ismore difficult to trace the sample source and the product thatthe sample represents. Composite
44、samples may provide someefficiency for Test Method B; but composite samples providelittle advantage in reducing field measurements for Test Meth-ods A and C.8.5 Sampling from the source material will be in accordancewith the sampling plan with the emphasis on obtaining asample representative of the
45、whole in respect to mass, or sizeand shape.8.6 Sample handling should be minimized to avoid unnec-essary degradation and breakage. For materials that have beensubmerged, allow the sample to freely drain. Moisture contentof riprap samples is considered inconsequential and the samplewill be tested and
46、 reported as-found.8.7 Images of the sampling process and related activitiesshould be included in the report.8.8 Select the range of sieve or template sizes for size ormass range groupings, or both, in accordance with projectneeds but should not be less than four sieve sizes or mass rangegroupings.8
47、.9 It may be desirable to retain the sample after testing toprovide a visual comparison of a known gradation for quality-control purposes at a later date.NOTE 4Other characteristics, such as soundness by Test MethodD5240, freeze-thaw resistance by Test Method D5312, and wetting anddrying resistance
48、by Test Method D5313 are normally determined prior totesting for size and mass. If these tests have not been performedpreviously, or if confirmation of the results is desirable, the sampling forthese tests should be included in the sampling plan.9. Procedure9.1 Test Method A:9.1.1 Using a vehicle ca
49、pable of transporting riprap pieces,move the sample to the test location. If truck scales are3Howard, A. K., and Horz, R. C., “Minimum Test Specimen for GradationAnalysis,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, September 1988, pp.213217.FIG. 1 Riprap Measuring EquipmentD5519 153available, obtain the tare weight of the transport vehicle thendetermine the total sample mass and record. For samples thatcontain pieces greater than 12 in. (300 mm) in size, spread thesample in a thin layer. The test area shall have a smoothsurface, preferably of concrete, to prevent t
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