1、Designation: D 5603 01Standard Classification forRubber Compounding MaterialsRecycled VulcanizateParticulate Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the compounding materialcommercially known as recycled vulcanizate particulate rub-be
3、r. Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber is the product thatresults when vulcanizate rubber has been processed by somemeans to obtain a desired particle size distribution.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibili
4、ty of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysis2D 1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices
5、Nomenclature2D 1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating Loss2D 1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber2D 1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-ments2D 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets2D 4483 Pr
6、actice for Determining Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries2D 5644 Test Method for Rubber Compounding MaterialsDetermination of Particle Size Distribution of RecycledVulcanizate Particulate Rubber2E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurpose
7、s3E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or Process33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber,nrecyclable vulcanizate rubb
8、er that has been processed togive particulates or other forms of different shapes, sizes, andsize distributions.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe words “vulcanizate” and “vulca-nized” are interchangeable. Additional terminology associatedwith this classification can be found in Terminology D 1566.3.1.2 parent c
9、ompound, noriginal compound used in theproduct.4. Significance and Use4.1 Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber is important inrubber compounding. It allows the rubber compounder to adda certain percentage of rubber filler back into its parent orsimilar compounds or to use the material as substitu
10、te or standalone compound. Its use may lower compound costs orimprove performance characteristics, or both.4.2 Many types of recycled vulcanizate particulate rubberare available, with the number of types of vulcanizate particu-late rubber limited only by the number of parent compounds.4.3 Use of rec
11、ycled rubber has a positive environmentalimpact.5. Classification of Recycled Vulcanizate ParticulateRubber5.1 Several grades of recycled vulcanizate particulate rub-ber exist. Their classification is based on two major character-istics: particle size distribution and the polymer type found inthe pa
12、rent rubber from which the recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber was derived.5.2 Particle Size Distributionmaximum particle size. (Forproduct mesh size designations, see 5.5.)5.2.1 Coarse rubber powders are products with designationsof 425 m (40 mesh) or larger. These materials typically rangein
13、particle sizes from 2000 m (10 mesh) to 425 m (40 mesh)regardless of polymer type or method of processing.5.2.2 Fine rubber powders are products with designationssmaller (finer) than 425 m (40 mesh). These materialstypically range in particle sizes from less than 300 m (50mesh) to less than 75 m (20
14、0 mesh) regardless of polymer1This classification is under the jurisdiction of Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.26 on Rubber Recycling.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Originallypublished as D 5603 - 96. Last previous edition
15、D 5603 - 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.type or method of processing.5.3 Classification by Parent Compounds:5.3.1 Based on polyme
16、r/compound type alone, the threemost common grades (Grades 1, 2, and 3) used in rubbercompounding and three other grades are shown as follows:5.3.1.1 Grade 1Whole tire recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber is prepared from passenger car, truck, and bus tiresfrom which the fiber and metal have bee
17、n removed. The rubberis then processed to the desired particle size.5.3.1.2 Grade 2Car, truck, and bus tread recycled vulca-nizate particulate rubber is prepared from car, bus, and trucktread only, processed to the desired particle size. This materialis commonly referred to as “peel” rubber.5.3.1.3
18、Grade 3Tread recycled vulcanizate particulaterubber prepared by utilizing tire retread buffings only. Thismaterial is generated from car, truck, and bus tire retreadingwhere the processing (buffing) of the tire includes the tread andtire shoulder area only. This material is then processed to thedesi
19、red particle sizes. The vulcanizate particulate rubber pro-duced from this material is usually characterized by someelongated rubber particles in the vulcanizate particulate rubberwith mesh size designations coarser than 600 m (30 mesh).When finer mesh sizes are produced, the elongated nature ofthe
20、particles is no longer present.5.3.1.4 Grade 4Whole tire recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber prepared by utilizing tire retread buffings only. Thismaterial is generated from car, truck, and bus tire retreadingwhere the processing (buffing) of the tire includes the tread, tireshoulder area, and
21、the sidewalls. This material is then pro-cessed to the desired particle sizes. The vulcanizate particulaterubber produced from this material is usually characterized byelongated rubber particles in the vulcanizate particulate rubberwith mesh size designation coarser than 600 m (30 mesh).When finer m
22、esh sizes are produced, the elongated nature ofthe particles is no longer present.5.3.1.5 Grade 5Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubberprepared from off road tires, large equipment tires, industrialtires, forklift tires, farm implement tires, and others. This doesnot include car, bus, and truck tir
23、es.5.3.1.6 Grade 6Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubbersare prepared from rubber vulcanizates from non-tire rubberproducts. This is not to imply that all polymer types can beused interchangeably. Actual classification according to poly-mer types shall be agreed upon between vendor and customer.5.4
24、 Classification by Particle Size:5.4.1 The particle size designation portion of the classifica-tion is based on physical characteristics (that is, particledistributions using dry material sieve testing). Test MethodD 5644 is used to determine the particle size distribution. Theproduct size designati
25、on is the mesh size based on the sizedesignation sieve-screen which allows a range for the upperlimit retained of zero to some maximum value depending onthe nominal mesh size designation (see Table 1). Each productwill also designate a sieve on which no product is retained.This sieve (zero screen) w
26、ill have a larger nominal openingthan the product size designation screen. Additional sieves canbe specified as agreed upon between the vendor and thecustomer to obtain a particular size distribution.5.5 Overall Classification Designations:5.5.1 The overall classification of recycled vulcanizate par
27、-ticulate rubber products is based on two designations: ParticleSize Distribution and Origin of the Rubber (Grades 1 through6).5.5.2 Table 1 lists the standard particle size designations forrecycled vulcanizate particulate rubber. Other product sizedesignations not listed in Table 1 may be agreed up
28、on betweenthe vendor and customer following the ASTM guidelines inthis classification.6. Sampling6.1 Test portions for the testing as outlined in Section 7 willbe taken on approximately each 1000 to 1250 kg or as agreedupon between vendor and customer.6.2 Test portions for sieve testing on products
29、that arecoarser than 800 m (20 mesh) are selected in accordance withPractices E 105 and E 122.7. Composition and Properties7.1 Table 2 shows the typical chemical properties of all thetire grade particulate rubber in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. Propertiesof particulate rubber other than those in Grades 1,
30、 2, 3, and 4shall be as agreed upon between supplier and customer.7.2 The product designations portion of this classification isbased on physical characteristics (that is, particle distributions).TABLE 1 Recycled Rubber Product DesignationNominal Product DesignationExample ClassificationD 5603 Desig
31、nationAZero Screen, mPercent Retainedon Zero ScreenSize DesignationScreen, mMaximum PercentRetained onDesignation Screen10 Mesh Class 10-X 2360 (8 Mesh) 0 2000 (10 Mesh) 520 Mesh Class 20-X 1180 (16 Mesh) 0 850 (20 Mesh) 530 Mesh Class 30-X 850 (20 Mesh) 0 600 (30 Mesh) 1040 Mesh Class 40-X 600 (30
32、Mesh) 0 425 (40 Mesh) 1050 Mesh Class 50-X 425 (40 Mesh) 0 300 (50 Mesh) 1060 Mesh Class 60-X 300 (50 Mesh) 0 250 (60 Mesh) 1070 Mesh Class 70-X 259 (60 Mesh) 0 212 (70 Mesh) 1080 Mesh Class 80-X 250 (60 Mesh) 0 180 (80 Mesh) 10100 Mesh Class 100-X 180 (80 Mesh) 0 150 (100 Mesh) 10120 Mesh Class 120
33、-X 150 (100 Mesh) 0 128 (120 Mesh) 15140 Mesh Class 140-X 128 (120 Mesh) 0 106 (140 Mesh) 15170 Mesh Class 170-X 106 (140 Mesh) 0 90 (170 Mesh) 15200 Mesh Class 200-X 90 (170 Mesh) 0 75 (200 Mesh) 15AWhen specifying materials, replace the X with the proper parent material grade designation code. For
34、 example, Class 30-2 would indicate a 600 m (30 mesh) productmade from Grade 2 material, car, truck, and bus tread rubber. Class 100-6 would indicate a 150 m (100 mesh) product made from Grade 6 material, non-tire rubber.D 56032Refer to 5.4 and Table 1.7.3 Material to be substantially free of other
35、foreign con-taminants including, but not limited to, wood and wood chips,paper, metal, sand, dirt, and glass.7.3.1 Visually examine the material for foreign contami-nants. None of these should be present.7.3.2 To check for iron content, weigh a 100-g specimen ofrecycled vulcanizate particulate rubbe
36、r and place on a flatnonmagnetic surface. Pass a small horseshoe magnet over andthrough the specimen for 60 s. Remove all metal fragmentsfrom the magnet. Weigh the iron fragments in grams and recordthe mass as the percentage of free iron.7.4 Fiber content of material may be agreed upon bysupplier an
37、d customer.7.4.1 The general fiber content of Grades 1, 4, 5, and 6should contain no more than that specified in Table 2.7.4.2 Grades 2 and 3 are prepared from tread rubber onlyand should contain no fiber.7.4.3 The method to check for fiber content is as follows:7.4.3.1 Perform a normal sieve analys
38、is procedure in accor-dance with Test Method D 5644.7.4.3.2 As the test screens are disassembled, there may befree fabric in the form of “fabric balls” which can be removedfrom each screen level.7.4.3.3 Accumulate the “fabric balls” as the screens aredisassembled.7.4.3.4 Weigh the “fabric balls” in
39、grams and record theirmass as the percentage of free fabric.7.4.3.5 The “fabric balls” may have a tendency to entrapvery small particles of rubber. It is permissible to attempt todislodge these particles by shaking the “fabric balls” ordropping them on a clean surface. Weighing the “fabric balls”wit
40、h the entrapped rubber will tend to distort the fabric contentto the high side.8. Determination of the Bulk Density of RecycledVulcanizate Particulate Rubber8.1 The bulk density of recycled vulcanizate particulaterubber is determined from the mass of the particulate rubbercontained in a special cyli
41、ndrical container that is exactly1000.0 6 0.1 cm3in volume.8.2 Apparatus:8.2.1 Cylindrical Container, 1000-cm3capacity, having uni-form height and no pouring lip or deformation of the walls ofthe container.8.2.2 Straightedge or Spatula, at least 150 mm in length.8.2.3 Balance, with a sensitivity of
42、0.1 g.8.3 Procedure:8.3.1 Obtain approximately 275 6 25 g of recycled vulca-nizate particulate rubber from the lot (see Practice E 105).8.3.2 Pour the sample into the center of the tared containerfrom a height not more than 50 mm above the rim of thecontainer. A large enough excess should be used to
43、 form a coneof the product above the rim of the cylindrical container.Immediately level the surface with a single sweep of thestraightedge or spatula held perpendicular to and in firmcontact with the lip of the container. Record the mass of therecycled vulcanizate particulate rubber to the nearest g
44、ram.8.4 Calculation:8.4.1 Calculate the bulk density to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3asfollows:DB5W (1)where:DB= bulk density, kg/m3, andW = mass of recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber, g.8.5 Report:8.5.1 Report the following information:8.5.1.1 Date of test.8.5.1.2 Proper identification of samples.8.5.
45、1.3 Result obtained, reported to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3.8.6 Precision and Bias:8.6.1 Round-robin testing will be conducted and precisionand bias statements will be balloted for inclusion when testingis completed.9. Determination of the Density of Recycled VulcanizateParticulate Rubber49.1 Apparatus:9
46、.1.1 Balance, with a bridge and minimum sensitivity of 0.1g.9.1.2 Two Roll Laboratory Rubber Mill.9.1.3 Supporting Wire, for weighing sample.9.1.4 Hydraulic Press , with electric platens9.1.5 ASTM Tensile Mold, (Practice D 3182).9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Mill the ground rubber sample on the two roll mill.
47、Keep the mill tight enough to knit the ground rubber together.Layer several sheets of the sample together. Use enough sheetsto completely fill the tensile mold.9.2.2 Heat the mold with sheets at 140 6 2C for 30 6 1min at a minimum pressure of 7 MPa on the cavity area. Coolthe molded sample to 23 6 2
48、C, and then cut a specimen.9.2.3 Weigh the specimen first in air.9.2.4 Dip the specimen in alcohol or acetone, or anyappropriate wetting agent to eliminate any bubbles on thesurface that will cause errors in the determination.9.2.5 Suspend supporting wire and weigh in water at 23 62C.4This procedure
49、 is modified for ground rubber from Test Method D 297,Hydrostatic section.TABLE 2 Properties for Recycled Rubber (Grades 16)Property Percent Test Method(a) Grades 14Acetone extractables 822 D 297, Sections 17, 18, 19Ash, max 8 D 297, Sections 34, 35,36, 37Carbon black 2638 D 297, Sections 38, 39Loss on heating, max 1 D 1509Natural rubber 1035 D 297, Sections 52, 53Rubber hydrocarbon content(RHC), min42 D 297, Section 11(b) Grades 16Metal content, max 0.1 see 7.3.2Fiber content, max (Grades1, 4, 5, 6)0.5 see 7.4Fiber content, max (Grades2, 3)nil see 7.
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