1、Designation: D 5618 94 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Barnacle Adhesion Strength in Shear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of barnacleadhesion in shear to surfaces exposed in the marine environ-me
3、nt. It is used to establish the ability of a surface to reducebiofouling adhesion. Surfaces with known barnacle adhesionstrengths are included to serve as controls.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This st
4、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
5、 ASTM Standards:2D 3623 Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels inShallow Submergence2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:MIL-P-24441/1 Primer, Epoxy (Formula 150, FormulaSheet 24441/1)33. Summary of Test Method3.1 Test surfaces and coatings are immersed in the marineenvironment according to Test Met
6、hod D 3623. When bar-nacles are observed to have settled on the surface, the strengthof adhesion of individuals is measured. Barnacle adhesiveshear strength is calculated by dividing the shear force requiredto remove the barnacle by the surface area of the barnacle baseplate. This test method is mos
7、t suited to small barnacles(generally with base diameters between 5 to 20 mm).3.2 The diameter of the barnacle base is measured and anincreasing shear force is applied to the base of the barnacleuntil it is removed from the surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed as a screeni
8、ng test in theevaluation of coating systems and other materials designed toresist biofouling attachment.4.2 The degree and type of barnacle fouling will varyaccording to the geographic location of test sites and the timeof year when tests are implemented. Surfaces with knownbarnacle adhesive shear s
9、trength should be exposed to providecomparative data.5. Interferences45.1 Variations in barnacle adhesion strength may occur dueto differences in species, age, and physical condition.5.2 Incomplete removal of the barnacle base plate from thesurface during testing may lead to erroneous adhesion value
10、s.5.3 Care must be taken not to dislodge the barnacle duringbase diameter measurements.6. Apparatus6.1 Hand-Held Probe, used to apply force to the barnaclebase. It is recommended that a 14- by 14-mm stainless steelplate be attached to the end of a 8-mm diameter stainless steelrod that is attached to
11、 a force measuring device (see Fig. 1).6.2 Force Measuring Device, maybe a spring scale or forcetransducer.6.2.1 The force measuring device should be capable ofrecording values between 0 to 150 N (0 to 34 lb) to an accuracyof 60.5N(60.1125 lb).7. Procedure7.1 Test and control surfaces are immersed i
12、n the marineenvironment according to Test Method D 3623. Control sur-faces should include polytetrafluoroethylene and MIL-P-24441primer epoxy.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility o
13、fSubcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5618 94 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.4Swain, G. W. J., Griffith, J., Bultman,
15、D., and Vincent, H.,“ Barnacle AdhesionMeasurements for the Field Evaluation of Candidate Antifouling Surfaces, Biofoul-ing, Vol 6, 1992, pp. 105114.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Barnacles between 5 to 20 mm in
16、diameter are selectedfor testing and identified with regard to species and condition.Test only barnacles that are at least 20 mm from the edges ofthe test panel and not in direct contact with other barnacles.7.3 The barnacle base area is estimated from an averagebase diameter, da. This is obtained b
17、y measuring the barnaclebase with calipers in four directions (0, 45, 90, 135). Thebarnacle base area, A, is then calculated as follows:A 514p da2(1)7.4 The probe is placed at the base of the barnacle.7.5 A shear force is applied with a hand-held probe to thebarnacle base at a rate of approximately
18、4.5 N/s (1 lb/s) untilthe barnacle becomes detached. Take care to apply the forceparallel to the surface.7.6 The force required for detachment is noted, and obser-vations are made as to the mode of failure. If more than 10 %of the barnacle base plate is left attached to the substrate, thetest is dee
19、med void.8. Calculations and Interpretation of Results8.1 The strength of adhesion, t, (Pascals) is calculated bydividing the force required to remove the barnacle, F, (New-tons) by the area of the barnacle base plate, A, (square metres)as follows:t5F/A (2)8.2 For each test surface the mean and stan
20、dard deviation ofthe strength of adhesion, t, is calculated.8.3 The strength of adhesion values for test surfaces arecompared to the control surfaces of known adhesion.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 For test panels report the substrate employed, the typeof coating, and the days
21、exposed,9.1.2 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, andthe species of barnacle,9.1.3 Report the overall fouling and condition of the surfaceaccording to Method D 3623, and9.1.4 Provide similar data for the exposed control surfacesso that comparative conclusions with regard to adhesionstr
22、ength can be drawn.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionOn the basis of static immersion of controlsurfaces at Florida Institute of Technology5(poly-tetrafluoroethylene and MIL-P-24441 primer epoxy) the fol-lowing results were obtained:Test Surface MIL-P-24441 primer epoxy PolytetrafluoroethyleneBarn
23、acle species Balanus eburneus Balanus eburneusDate September 2, 1992 September 2, 1992Days exposure 20 57Number of readings 14 10Mean, MPa 2.060 0.896Standard deviation MPa 0.527 0.16595 % Confidence interval 0.304 0.11899 % Confidence interval 0.424 0.16910.2 BiasBias is being determined.11. Keywor
24、ds11.1 antifouling; barnacle adhesion; shear strengthASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent ri
25、ghts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either fo
26、r revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearin
27、g you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard ma
28、y be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).5The tests were run at the Florida Institute of Technology Static Immersion Site,Indian River Lagoon, Grant, Florida.FIG. 1 Probe Design for the Detachment of BarnaclesD 5618 94 (2005)2
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