ASTM D5658-2013 3750 Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste From Trucks《卡车未固结废弃物取样的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D5658 13Standard Practice forSampling Unconsolidated Waste From Trucks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5658; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers several methods for collectingwaste samples from trucks. These methods are adapted spe-cifically for sampling unconsolidated

3、solid wastes in bulk loadsusing several types of sampling equipment.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a

4、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 forspecific precautionary statements.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipmen

5、tUsed at Waste SitesD5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assuranceand Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier SamplerD5633 Practice for Sampling with a ScoopD5681 Terminology for Waste and Wa

6、ste Management3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toStandard Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 authoritative samplinga sample selected withoutregard to randomization.3.2.2 scr

7、eening analysisa preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the userspecific information about a waste that will aid in determiningwaste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-dling.3.2.3 waste profilespecific information about the wastei

8、ncluding its properties and composition, chemicalconstituents, waste codes, transportation information, etc.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The truck and its contents are inspected and appropriatesampling equipment is selected. A clean sampling device isthen used to scoop, core, or auger into the waste ma

9、terial. Thesample or samples are collected and transferred to a samplecontainer. The sampling device is then cleaned and decontami-nated or disposed of.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended for use in the waste manage-ment industries to collect samples of unconsolidated wastefrom truc

10、ks. The sampling procedures described are generaland should be used in conjunction with a site-specific workplan.5.2 The purpose of collecting waste samples directly from atruck (rather than the waste source) is to verify (usually withscreening analyses) that the waste contained in the truck is thes

11、ame or similar material from a waste source that has beenpreviously characterized and approved for treatment ordisposal, or both.6. Safety Precautions6.1 Safety precautions must always be observed whensampling waste. The work plan must include a Worker Healthand Safety section, because there are pot

12、ential hazards associ-ated with working around trucks as well as their potentiallyhazardous contents.6.2 Truck sampling should be conducted from a properlydesigned platform to allow the sampler to safely access thetruck bed with a minimum of difficulty.7. Sampling Design7.1 Truck sampling can be con

13、ducted for many differentpurposes. It is important that the purpose be integrated into the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 onSampling Techniques.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Publish

14、ed April 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5658 95(2006).DOI: 10.1520/D5658-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref

15、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1sample design. If the purpose of sampling is to characterize thewaste, the sample should be collected from the waste sourcedu

16、ring the loading or unloading of the truck. This allows accessto all portions of the material in the truck. If the purpose is todetermine if the material in the truck conforms to a wasteprofile (that is, waste material that has previously beencharacterized), then a less rigorous sampling approach ca

17、n beused. Because of the difficulties of sampling the material in thetruck in situ, (authoritative) grab samples are usually collectedfrom the top portion of the material and subjected to screeningtype analysis. This method will quickly demonstrate that thesampled material (top portion) does or does

18、 not match thewaste profile.7.2 Awork plan should be prepared describing the samplinglocations, number of samples, depth of sampling and type ofsampling equipment (see Practice D5283 and Guide D4687).NOTE 1Because of limited access to the truck bed for sampling, thesamples collected are usually near

19、-surface samples. There is a possibilitythat the material in the middle or on the bottom of the bed is different.8. Pre-Sampling8.1 Basic Pre-Sampling Practices:8.1.1 Review all paperwork.8.1.2 Access the truck by way of the sampling platform sothat the waste can be visually inspected to confirm agr

20、eementwith the paperwork and identify any obvious discrepancies(such as free liquids, etc.).8.2 Sampling Equipment:8.2.1 Selection:8.2.1.1 Select the sampling equipment and sample contain-ers appropriate for the waste in the truck, in accordance withthe work plan or site-specific procedure. See Guid

21、e D4687 forinformation on sample container selection.8.2.1.2 The sampling equipment, sample preparationequipment, sample containers, etc., must be clean, dry, andinert to the material being sampled. Before use, all equipmentincluding sample containers shall be inspected to ensure theyare clear of ob

22、vious dirt and contamination and are in goodworking condition. Visible contamination shall be removed,and the equipment shall be decontaminated with the appropri-ate rinse materials. Prior to use, all cleaned equipment shouldbe protected from contamination.8.2.2 Materials of Construction:8.2.2.1 Sam

23、pling devices are usually made of stainless steel,brass, or aluminum.8.2.2.2 Sample containers should be made of plastic, glass,or other nonreactive materials (see Guide D4687).8.3 Generic Equipment ListThe following is a generalidentification of equipment required for sampling unconsoli-dated waste

24、 from trucks.8.3.1 Scoop, with extension handle.8.3.2 Trier.8.3.3 Auger.8.3.4 Concentric tube thief, single slot, split tube, Missouritrier.8.3.5 Thin-walled tube.8.3.6 Barrel auger.8.3.7 Sample collection sheet.8.3.8 Sample containers, with lids and liners.8.3.9 Chain of custody forms.8.3.10 Paperw

25、ork and site forms.8.3.11 Sample labels.8.3.12 Cloths or wipes.9. Sampling9.1 Basic Sampling Practices:9.1.1 Access the truck by way of the sampling platform andcollect the required number of samples using techniques inaccordance with 9.2 through 9.7.9.1.2 Place the collected material in a sample co

26、ntainer.9.1.3 Close the sample container.9.1.4 Wipe the outside of the sample container. Dispose ofthe wipe cloth properly.9.1.5 Note on site forms all relevant conditions and physicalcharacteristics associated with the collection of the sample.9.1.6 Fill out all required paperwork for each sample,

27、asrequired by the work plan.9.1.7 Complete and attach the label to the side of the samplecontainer after the sample has been collected.9.2 Sampling with a Concentric Tube Thief:9.2.1 General DescriptionThis device consists of twotubes, one fitting snugly inside the other (see Fig. 1). Thebottom end

28、of the outer tube is fitted with a point. Oblong holesare cut through both tubes. The holes are opened or closed byrotating the inner tube. Concentric tube samplers are commer-cially available up to 6 ft (1.8 m) long and several inches(centimeters) in diameter.9.2.2 Concentric tube samples have a li

29、mited application forsampling trucks. Materials that are not free-flowing such asthose that are hard packed, moist, or finely powdered will notenter this type of sampler under normal field conditions.Sampling of materials containing granules or particles exceed-ing one third of the slot width should

30、 not be attempted becausebridging may occur.9.2.3 Insert the tube into the material and push with uniformforce to the bottom of the truck or until refusal. Rotate theconcentric tubes to the open position, thereby allowing thesample to flow into the inner tube. Wiggle the sampler severaltimes and rot

31、ate the tubes to the closed position. Withdraw thesampler. Place the sampling device immediately over a samplecollection sheet and release the sample by rotating the concen-tric tubes to the open position. A sample can be removed fromthe thief, if needed, with a spatula or similar instrument(reamer)

32、 and placed in the sample container. Some concentricFIG. 1 Concentric Tube ThiefD5658 132tube thieves have an open top that allows for pouring of thesample out the end of the sampler into the sample container.9.3 Sampling with a Thin-Walled Tube Sampler:9.3.1 General DescriptionTube samplers may var

33、y inlength, diameter, and material of construction (see Fig. 2). Thematerial to be sampled must be of a physical consistency(cohesive solid material) to be cored and retrieved with thetube. Materials with particles larger than one third of the innerdiameter of the tube should not be sampled with tha

34、t particulardevice. The length of the tube will depend on the desiredsampling depth (see Guide D4700). The tube is attached to alength of solid or tubular rod. The upper end of this rod isthreaded to accept a handle or extension rods. This sampler canbe used to collect samples of unconsolidated clay

35、-like materi-als.9.3.2 The tube sampler is pushed into the material to besampled by applying downward force on the units handle.Once the sampler has reached the bottom of the samplinginterval, it is twisted to break the continuity at the tip. Thesampler is pulled from the material and the sample is

36、extrudedinto the sample container. Samples are extruded by forcing arod through the tube.9.4 Sampling with a Trier Sampler:9.4.1 General DescriptionThe trier is a metal or plastictube from which one third to one half of the wall of the tube hasbeen removed to form a slot along its entire length (see

37、 Fig. 3).This device can be up to 4 ft long (1.2 m) and should have asharp, angled point at its lower end. The material to be sampledmust have a physical consistency like a soil or similarfine-grained cohesive material. Sampling procedures can befound in Practice D5451.9.4.2 The trier is pushed vert

38、ically into the material androtated one or two times to cut a core. The core is pulled out ofthe hole and removed from the trier with a spatula or similarinstrument and placed in the sample container.9.5 Sampling with an Auger:9.5.1 General DescriptionThe screw or ship auger isessentially a small di

39、ameter (for example, 1.5 in. 3.8 cm)wood auger from which the cutting side flanges and tip havebeen removed. The auger is welded onto a length of solid ortubular rod. The upper end of this rod is threaded to accept ahandle or extension rods (see Fig. 4 and Guide D4700).9.5.2 An auger can be used for

40、 collecting a disturbed sampleof unconsolidated material from the truck. The auger is rotatedmanually or with a power source into the waste material. Theoperator may have to apply downward force to embed theauger; afterwards, the auger screws itself into the material. Theauger is advanced to its ful

41、l length, then pulled and removed.Material from the deepest interval is retained on the augerflights. The sample is collected from this extracted portion.Augers can be used to sample hard or compacted solid wastesor soil. Augers, like triers, are equipped with crossbars,facilitating the penetration

42、of the waste.9.6 Sampling with a Barrel Auger:9.6.1 General DiscussionDimensions and construction ofa barrel auger will vary. A barrel auger typically consists of astainless steel or carbide steel auger tip (orchard bit), a stainlesssteel cylinder, a bailed cap, an extension, and a cross handle(see

43、Fig. 5 and Guide D4700). A thin-walled internal sleevemay be used to contain the sample.9.6.2 Barrel augers can be used for collecting discreetsamples of disturbed material from various depths. The augeris rotated to advance the barrel into the truck load. The operatormay have to apply downward pres

44、sure to keep the augeradvancing. When the barrel is filled, the unit is withdrawn fromthe waste material and the sample is collected from the barrel.9.7 Sampling with a Scoop:9.7.1 General DescriptionScoops must be of a size andshape suitable for the quantity and size of the particles to beFIG. 2 Th

45、in-walled TubeFIG. 3 TrierFIG. 4 AugerD5658 133sampled (see Fig. 6). The scoop is used for collecting equalportions at random spots at or near the surface of the waste. Anextension to the scoop is often employed to assist the samplerin safely collecting the sample. For waste containing fragmentsor c

46、hunks, a scoop may be the only method capable ofretaining the material in a sampling device. A scoop may beused in conjunction with the sampling devices previouslydescribed, or as the primary sampling device. Sampling pro-cedures can be found in Practice D5633.9.7.2 Attach the scoop to an extension

47、of appropriate lengthand collect the sample.10. Post Sampling10.1 Transport the sample with appropriate tags/labels andchain of custody to the laboratory.10.2 Remove all sampling equipment from the truck sam-pling area.10.3 Transfer all direct contacting reusable equipment to apre-designated deconta

48、mination area, if not using disposableequipment. Decontaminate the equipment according to theprotocol established in the work plan (see Practice D5088).Decontaminated sampling equipment should be protected fromcontamination. This may include, but not be limited to storagein aluminum foil, plastic ba

49、gs, polytetrafluoroethylene film, orother means of protection that will not impact sample quality orthe intended analyses.10.4 Properly dispose of all used (disposable) contactingequipment.11. Data Quality Objectives11.1 The objectives for sampling and testing unconsolidatedwaste from trucks should be specified in the work plan (seePractice D5283 and Guide D4687).12. Keywords12.1 auger; barrel auger; concentric tube thief; sampling;scoop; thin-walled tube sampler; trier; truck sampling; wasteASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent r