1、Designation:D566210 Designation: D5662 12Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils
3、 with specific nitrile, polyacrylate,and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use beforeproceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No ot
4、her units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
5、of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD5704 Test Method for Evaluation of
6、the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissionsand Final Drive AxlesD5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 SAE Standard:4J23
7、60 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of an elastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens in TestMethods D412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe specific chemical
8、composition used in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length at rupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running this procedureminus the rupture stretch length of an untested dumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch length of the un
9、tested dumbbell and thenmultiplied by 100.3.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of a test specimen as explained in the procedure for change in volumein Test Method D471.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version of Test Method D471 on specific el
10、astomer compounds. Measured1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants these can beobtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburg
11、h, Pa 152064489.Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all InformationLetters through No. 091.111.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, r
12、efer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication
13、of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consider
14、ed the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.quantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (further referred to as just percent elongat
15、ion changes), durometer Type Ahardness changes, and percent volume changes. Reference oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measure consistencyfrom one test to another.4.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).5T
16、heseal materials are available through a Central Parts Distributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failurescaused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell
17、and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oilmight cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performancespecification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varni
18、sh, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part toevaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.6. Apparatus6.1 Specific test equipment a
19、s outlined in Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D2240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NationalInstitute for Standards Technology (NIST) for annual calibration. Perfor
20、m checks with internal standards weekly. Checks withinternal standards shall be within 63 points. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, with standards traceableto NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Method D412. Set the testing machine rate of grip separation for the
21、 percentelongation change determinations at (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s. Calibrate the tension testing machine in accordance with Annex A2 orAnnex A3, as appropriate.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machine annually.Annual calibration shall be performed by the manufacturer,using NIST traceable
22、standards.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balance capable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.6.1.4.1 CalibrationCalibrate the bal
23、ance annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly, using NIST traceable weights. The difference between the weights andbalance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, w
24、ith standards traceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distributed by the TMC.5To receive the test oils and seal materials, individuallaboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMC with reference data developed using these reference materials.7.
25、2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numbering and tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used. Certainspecific information concerning these reference materials is available only to the CPD. This information is used to ensurebatch-to-batch consistency.7.2.1 Information and location o
26、f the current CPD is also available from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers used are a nitrile (NI), a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation of thenumbering system is established by the TMC as follows:Type Ywhere:Type = NI, PA, FL, andY = Batch number of the particular
27、formulation.7.4 The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years from the date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a seal curedate older than two years. Consult the TMC for any approved exceptions to this lifespan. Place a note in the comments sectionof the test report where exceptions
28、have been approved.7.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at (3 to 6) C.7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five years unless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting solution of Aerosol OT0.1 % sodium diocytl sulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilutio
29、n of a 10 % solution withreagent water.5Reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6The Central Parts Distributor for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758 Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.D5662 1228. Procedure
30、8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil tests concurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribed and evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.8.2 Prior to cutting specimens and prior to performing elo
31、ngation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for the elastomer to warmto (23 6 2) C, as required by Test Method D412. Referring to the procedure in Test Method D412, use Die C to cut a set of twelvedumbbell specimens out of the elastomer sheets as required for each reference and non-reference oil
32、 tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the same unaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, only cutone thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used for measuring initial properties, from the same
33、elastomer batch. Usethese dumbbells for measuring the percent elongation changes.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve (25 by 50) mm by (2.0 6 0.1) mm rectangular specimens for the percent volume change and hardnesstesting.8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more NI, PA, and FL dumbbells for the purpose of determining initi
34、al elongation properties.8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbbells and twelve rectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets of testelastomers.8.2.6 Use the water displacement procedure in accordance with Test Method D471 to determine the initial volumemeasurements. Weigh the coupo
35、n in air, M1, to the nearest 1 mg. For the weight in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 % wettingsolution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon in distilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no air bubbles are clingingto the coupon surface before recording the weight to the nearest 1 mg.8.
36、2.7 Ensure that initial elastomer properties of hardness and volume are determined prior to the start of testing. Initialelongation properties are determined just prior to running the end of test dumbbells because of instrument calibration.8.3 Fill the test tubes with (150 6 5) mL of non-reference o
37、r reference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination. In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent at a90 angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangular specimens and three dumbbells in each of the four tubes. Place spacersin between the sp
38、ecimens to aid in the separation. The width of the spacer(s) shall be (1.7 6 0.3) mm. The spacer material shallnot affect the liquid or the rubber.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and test specimens.8.4.2 Top the test tube with a stopper wrapped in aluminum foil.8.4.3 Test the non-refer
39、ence oil using one or more of the three different seal elastomers with the same batch of elastomers asbeing used for the reference oil.8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable of maintaining a test oil temperature within 6 1 C for a period of (2406 0.5) h (see Table 1).8.4.4.1 Measure t
40、he test oil temperature with a thermocouple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside a dummy test tubecontaining bath oil within the oil bath.8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of once every minute.8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent deviation for the elastomer material test oil tempe
41、rature shown in Table 1 using the followingequation. Record the results in the test report.percent deviation 5(i 5 1nSMi0.5R3TiDD3 100 (1)D5662-12_1FIG. 1 Wire HangerD5662 123Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameter out of specification limit at occurrence i,R = test parameter spec
42、ification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside of specification range at occurrence i.(Ti is assumed to be no less than therecorded data-acquisition frequency, unless supplemental readings are documented), andD = test duration in same units as Ti.8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that
43、exceeds the percent deviation limits in Table 1.8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete reference oiland non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within 8 h of each other to be considered the same test.8.5 At the end of t
44、he test period, remove the specimens from the hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longer than 30 min.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, and place them on a clean absorbent towel. Remove the excess oil with aclean ab
45、sorbent towel, and begin testing.8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume in air and water, and percent elongation, as done in 8.2.6 and 8.2.7.Testing shall be completed within2hofremoval from the test oil.8.7 Observe the following notes/modifications to Test Method D471.8.7.1 Report pe
46、rcent change in elongation (see Test Method D412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D471) fromthe original using the same water displacement procedure described in 8.2.6.8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing of the test coupon, deduct the weight of the wire hanger from the
47、 grossweight to determine the actual weight of the test coupon. Record the actual weight of the test coupons in the test report and usethe actual weights for the percent volume change calculations.8.7.1.2 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in an oil bath capab
48、le of maintaining a testoil temperature within 61C for a period of 240 6 0.5 h (see Table 1).8.7.2 Report durometer Type A hardness change points from original (see Test Method D2240).8.7.2.1 On a hard horizontal surface, stack the three rectangular specimens on top of each other to obtain the 6 mm
49、thicknessrequired by Test Method D2240. Hardness readings are to be taken 1 s after the pin makes contact with the elastomer. Take threereadings on each side of the rectangular specimen and report the average of all six readings.8.7.2.2 After taking the first set of measurements, rotate the bottom specimen to the top of the stack and take a second set ofmeasurements.8.7.2.3 Rotate the bottom specimen to the top one more time to obtain the third set of measurements.8.7.3 For each data set, calculate the average value and the sample standard deviation using the
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