1、Designation: D5662 12D5662 12aStandard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with spec
3、ific nitrile, polyacrylate,and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use beforeproceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units
4、of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulat
5、orylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Therma
6、l and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissionsand Final Drive AxlesD5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 SAE Standard:4J2360 Lubrica
7、ting Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of an elastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens in TestMethods D412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe specific chemical compositio
8、n used in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length at rupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running this procedureminus the rupture stretch length of an untested dumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch length of the untested dum
9、bbell and thenmultiplied by 100.3.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of a test specimen as explained in the procedure for change in volumein Test Method D471.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct respon
10、sibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants these can beobtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, Pa 152064489.Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all InformationLetters through No. 111.3 For referencedASTM standards, vis
11、it theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 150
12、96-0001, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends t
13、hat users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
14、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version of Test Method D471 on specific elastomer compounds. Measuredquantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (further referred to as just percent elongation changes), du
15、rometer Type Ahardness changes, and percent volume changes. Reference oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measure consistencyfrom one test to another.4.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).5 Theseal material
16、s are available through a Central Parts Distributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failurescaused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to
17、 determine the likelihood that an oilmight cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performancespecification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-
18、like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part toevaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.6. Apparatus6.1 Specific test equipment as outlined in T
19、est Methods D412, D471, and D2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D2240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NationalInstitute for Standards Technology (NIST) for annual calibration. Perform checks with i
20、nternal standards weekly. Checks withinternal standards shall be within63 points. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, with standards traceableto NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Method D412. Set the testing machine rate of grip separation for the percentelongati
21、on change determinations at (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s. Calibrate the tension testing machine in accordance with Annex A2 orAnnex A3, as appropriate.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machine annually.Annual calibration shall be performed by the manufacturer,The manufacturer shall perform an ann
22、ual calibration, using NIST traceable standards.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balance capable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 m
23、g.6.1.4.1 CalibrationCalibrate the balance annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly, using NISTtraceable weights.The difference between the weights andbalance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internal standards
24、annually, using an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distributed by the TMC.5 To receive the test oils and seal materials, individuallaboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMC with reference data develop
25、ed using these reference materials.7.2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numbering and tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used. Certainspecific information concerning these reference materials is available only to the CPD. This information is used to ensurebatch-to-batch consist
26、ency.7.2.1 Information and location of the current CPD is also available from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers used are a nitrile (NI), a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation of thenumbering system is established by the TMC as follows:Type Ywhere:Type = NI, PA, FL, a
27、ndY = Batch number of the particular formulation.7.4 The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years from the date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a seal curedate older than two years. Consult the TMC for any approved exceptions to this lifespan. Place a note in the comments sectio
28、nof the test report where exceptions have been approved.5 Reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6 The Central Parts Distributor for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758 Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.D5
29、662 12a27.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at (3 to 6) C.7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five years unless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting solution of Aerosol OT0.1 % sodium diocytl sulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilution of a 10 %
30、 solution withreagent water.8. Procedure8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil tests concurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribed and evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.8.2 Prior to cutti
31、ng specimens and prior to performing elongation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for the elastomer to warmto (23 6 2) C, as required by Test Method D412. Referring to the procedure in Test Method D412, use Die C to cut a set of twelvedumbbell specimens out of the elastomer sheets as required
32、for each reference and non-reference oil tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the same unaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, only cutone thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used for meas
33、uring initial properties, from the same elastomer batch. Usethese dumbbells for measuring the percent elongation changes.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve (25 by 50) mm by (2.0 6 0.1) mm rectangular specimens for the percent volume change and hardnesstesting.8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more NI, PA, and FL dumbbe
34、lls for the purpose of determining initial elongation properties.8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbbells and twelve rectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets of testelastomers.8.2.6 Use the water displacement procedure in accordance with Test Method D471 to determine the ini
35、tial volumemeasurements. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest 1 mg. For the weightmass in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 %wetting solution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon in distilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no air bubblesare clinging to the coupon surface before
36、 recording the weightmass to the nearest 1 mg.8.2.7 Ensure that initial elastomer properties of hardness and volume are determined prior to the start of testing. Initialelongation properties are determined just prior to running the end of test dumbbells because of instrument calibration.8.3 Fill the
37、 test tubes with (150 6 5) mL of non-reference or reference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination. In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent at a90 angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangular specimens and three dumbbells in each o
38、f the four tubes. Place spacersin between the specimens to aid in the separation. The width of the spacer(s) shall be (1.7 6 0.3) mm. The spacer material shallnot affect the liquid or the rubber.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and test specimens.8.4.2 Top the test tube with a stopper w
39、rapped in aluminum foil.8.4.3 Test the non-reference oil using one or more of the three different seal elastomers with the same batch of elastomers asbeing used for the reference oil.8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable of maintaining a test oil temperature within 6 1 C for a period
40、 of (2406 0.5) h (see Table 1).8.4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermocouple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside a dummy test tubecontaining bath oil within the oil bath.8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of once every minute.8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent dev
41、iation for the elastomer material test oil temperature shown in Table 1 using the followingequation. Record the results in the test report.FIG. 1 Wire HangerD5662 12a3percent deviation5(i51n S Mi0.5R 3TiDD 3100 (1)Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameter out of specification limit
42、at occurrence i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside of specification range at occurrence i. (Ti is assumed to be no less than therecorded data-acquisition frequency, unless supplemental readings are documented), andD = test duration in same units
43、 as Ti.8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that exceeds the percent deviation limits in Table 1.8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete reference oiland non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within 8 h of each other to be cons
44、idered the same test.8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the specimens from the hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longer than 30 min.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, and place them on a clean absorbent tow
45、el. Remove the excess oil with aclean absorbent towel, and begin testing.8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume in air and water, and percent elongation, as done in 8.2.6 and 8.2.7.Testing shall be completed Complete testing within 2 h of removal from the test oil.8.7 Observe the foll
46、owing notes/modifications to Test Method D471.8.7.1 Report percent change in elongation (see Test Method D412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D471) fromthe original using the same water displacement procedure described in 8.2.6.8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing of t
47、he test coupon, deduct the weightmass of the wire hanger from thegross weightmass to determine the actual weightmass of the test coupon. Record the actual weightmass of the test coupons in thetest report and use the actual weightsmasses for the percent volume change calculations.8.7.1.2 Conduct all
48、reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in an oil bath capable of maintaining a testoil temperature within 61C for a period of 240(240 6 0.50.5) h (see Table 1).8.7.2 Report durometer Type A hardness change points from original (see Test Method D2240).8.7.2.1 On a hard horizon
49、tal surface, stack the three rectangular specimens on top of each other to obtain the 6 mm thicknessrequired by Test Method D2240. Hardness readings are to be taken Take hardness readings 1 s after the pin makes contact withthe elastomer. Take three readings on each side of the rectangular specimen and report the average of all six readings.8.7.2.2 After taking the first set of measurements, rotate the bottom specimen to the top of the stack and take a second set ofmeasurements.8.7.2.3 Rotate the bottom specimen to the top one more time to obtain the third
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