1、Designation: D5662 13D5662 14Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with speci
3、fic nitrile, polyacrylate,and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use beforeproceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units o
4、f measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulato
5、rylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal
6、 and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissionsand Final Drive AxlesD5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 SAE Standard:4J2360 Lubricat
7、ing Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of an elastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens in TestMethods D412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe specific chemical composition
8、 used in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length at rupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running this procedureminus the rupture stretch length of an untested dumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch length of the untested dumb
9、bell and thenmultiplied by 100.3.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of a test specimen as explained in the procedure for change in volumein Test Method D471.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the
10、direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants these can beobtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, Pa 152064489.Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all InformationLetters through No. 131.141.3 For referencedAS
11、TM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., W
12、arrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,
13、ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
14、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version of Test Method D471 on specific elastomer compounds. Measuredquantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (further referred to as just percent elonga
15、tion changes), durometer Type Ahardness changes, and percent volume changes. Reference oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measure consistencyfrom one test to another.4.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).5
16、 Theseal materials are available through a Central Parts Distributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failurescaused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swel
17、l and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oilmight cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performancespecification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, var
18、nish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part toevaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.6. Apparatus6.1 Specific test equipment
19、 as outlined in Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D2240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NationalInstitute for Standards Technology (NIST) for annual calibration. Perf
20、orm checks with internal standards weekly. Checks withinternal standards shall be within63 points. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, with standards traceableto NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Method D412. Set the testing machine rate of grip separation for th
21、e percentelongation change determinations at (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s. Calibrate the tension testing machine in accordance with AnnexA2manufacturer7 orinstructions. Annex A3, as appropriate.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machine annually. The manufacturer shall perform an annual calibratio
22、n,using NIST traceable standards.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balance capable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.6.1.4.1 Calib
23、rationCalibrate the balance annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly, using NISTtraceable weights.The difference between the weights andbalance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internal standards annually, using
24、 an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distributed by the TMC.5 To receive the test oils and seal materials, individuallaboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMC with reference data developed using these
25、reference materials.7.2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numbering and tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used. TheSurveillance Panel is responsible for approval of elastomer batches (see Appendix X1). Only approved elastomer batches are tobe used for reference tests and tests
26、run to meet industry specifications. Certain specific information concerning these referencematerials is available only to the CPD. This information is used to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.7.2.1 Information and location of the current CPD is also available from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference se
27、al elastomers used are a nitrile (NI), a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation of thenumbering system is established by the TMC as follows:Type Ywhere:Type = NI, PA, FL, andY = Batch number of the particular formulation.5 Reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring C
28、enter, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6 The Central Parts Distributor for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758 Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.7 Trademark of Instron Worldwide. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Inst
29、ron Worldwide Headquarters, 825 UniversityAve., Norwood, MA02062-2643.020622643. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your commentswill receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which yo
30、u may attend.D5662 1427.4 The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years from the date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a seal curedate older than two years. Consult the TMC for any approved exceptions to this lifespan. Place a note in the comments sectionof the test report where e
31、xceptions have been approved.7.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at (3 to 6) C.7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five years unless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting solution of Aerosol OT0.1 % sodium diocytl sulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0
32、 % dilution of a 10 % solution withreagent water.8. Procedure8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil tests concurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribed and evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as need
33、ed.8.2 Prior to cutting specimens and prior to performing elongation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for the elastomer to warmto (23 6 2) C, as required by Test Method D412. Referring to the procedure in Test Method D412, use Die C to cut a set of twelvedumbbell specimens out of the elastome
34、r sheets as required for each reference and non-reference oil tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the same unaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, only cutone thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, includin
35、g those used for measuring initial properties, from the same elastomer batch. Usethese dumbbells for measuring the percent elongation changes.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve (25 by 50) mm by (2.0 6 0.1) mm rectangular specimens for the percent volume change and hardnesstesting.8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more
36、NI, PA, and FL dumbbells for the purpose of determining initial elongation properties.8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbbells and twelve rectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets of testelastomers.8.2.6 Use the water displacement procedure in accordance with Test Method D471
37、 to determine the initial volumemeasurements. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest 1 mg. For the mass in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 % wettingsolution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon in distilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no air bubbles are clingingto the coupon
38、 surface before recording the mass to the nearest 1 mg.8.2.7 Ensure that initial elastomer properties of hardness and volume are determined prior to the start of testing. Initialelongation properties are determined just prior to running the end of test dumbbells because of instrument calibration.8.3
39、 Fill the test tubes with (150 6 5) mL of non-reference or reference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination. In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent at a90 angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangular specimens and three dumbbells
40、in each of the four tubes. Place spacersin between the specimens to aid in the separation. The width of the spacer(s) shall be (1.7 6 0.3) mm. The spacer material shallnot affect the liquid or the rubber.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and test specimens.8.4.2 Top the test tube with a
41、stopper wrapped in aluminum foil.8.4.3 Test the non-reference oil using one or more of the three different seal elastomers with the same batch of elastomers asbeing used for the reference oil.8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable of maintaining a test oil temperature within 6 1 C for
42、 a period of (2406 0.5) h (see Table 1).8.4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermocouple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside a dummy test tubecontaining bath oil within the oil bath.FIG. 1 Wire HangerD5662 1438.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of once every minu
43、te.8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent deviation for the elastomer material test oil temperature shown in Table 1 using the followingequation. Record the results in the test report.percent deviation5(i51n S Mi0.5R 3TiDD 3100 (1)Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameter out of specificatio
44、n limit at occurrence i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside of specification range at occurrence i. (Ti is assumed to be no less than therecorded data-acquisition frequency, unless supplemental readings are documented), andD = test duration in sa
45、me units as Ti.8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that exceeds the percent deviation limits in Table 1.8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete reference oiland non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within 8 h of each other to
46、 be considered the same test.8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the specimens from the hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longer than 30 min.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, and place them on a clean absor
47、bent towel. Remove the excess oil with aclean absorbent towel, and begin testing.8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume in air and water, and percent elongation, as done in 8.2.6 and 8.2.7.Complete testing within 2 h of removal from the test oil.8.7 Observe the following notes/modific
48、ations to Test Method D471.8.7.1 Report percent change in elongation (see Test Method D412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D471) fromthe original using the same water displacement procedure described in 8.2.6.8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing of the test coupon, ded
49、uct the mass of the wire hanger from the grossmass to determine the actual mass of the test coupon. Record the actual mass of the test coupons in the test report and use the actualmasses for the percent volume change calculations.8.7.1.2 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in an oil bath capable of maintaining a testoil temperature within 61C for a period of (240 6 0.5) h (see Table 1).8.7.2 Report durometer Type A hardness change points from original (see Test Method D2240).8.7.2.1 On a hard horizontal surface, stac
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