1、Designation: D5662 17aStandard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2covers the determination of thecompatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitri
3、le,polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test MethodsD412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their usebefore proceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measureme
4、nt are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of reg
5、ulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade
6、Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD5704 Test Metho
7、d for Evaluation of the Thermal andOxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for ManualTransmissions and Final Drive AxlesD5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmis-sion Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.
8、2 SAE Standard:4J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) MilitaryUse3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of anelastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens inTest Methods D412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe s
9、pecific chemical compositionused in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length atrupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running thisprocedure minus the rupture stretch length of an untesteddumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch le
10、ngth of the untesteddumbbell and then multiplied by 100.3.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of atest specimen as explained in the procedure for change involume in Test Method D471.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version ofTest Method D471 on
11、 specific elastomer compounds. Mea-sured quantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (fur-ther referred to as just percent elongation changes), durometerType A hardness changes, and percent volume changes. Ref-erence oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measureconsistency from on
12、e test to another.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants these canbe obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pitt
13、sburgh, Pa15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in allInformation Letters through No. 17-1.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
14、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
15、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations i
16、ssued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oilsare available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).5The seal materials are available through a Central PartsDistributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5
17、.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only thosefailures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongationloss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likeli-hood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures
18、in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement ofa performance specification, such as Specification D5760 andJ2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation ofcarbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear
19、oils areevaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended inpart to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature sealfailure in field service.6. Apparatus6.1 Specific test equipment as outlined in Test MethodsD412, D471, and D2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D2
20、240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer an-nually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable toNational Institute for Standards Technology (NIST) for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards weekly.Checks with internal standards shall be within 63 points.Calibr
21、ate internal standards annually, using an outside source,with standards traceable to NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Methods D412.Set the testing machine rate of grip separation for the percentelongation change determinations at 8.5 mms 6 0.8 mms.Calibrate the tension testing machine in a
22、ccordance withmanufacturer7instructions.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machineannually. The manufacturer shall perform an annualcalibration, using NIST traceable standards.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm andan overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loos
23、ely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balancecapable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.6.1.4.1 CalibrationCalibrate the balance annually. Use anoutside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal
24、standards monthly,using NIST traceable weights. The difference between theweights and balance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internalstandards annually, using an outside source, with standardstraceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distrib-uted by t
25、he TMC.5To receive the test oils and seal materials,individual laboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMCwith reference data developed using these reference materials.7.2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numberingand tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used. TheSurveillance
26、 Panel is responsible for approval of elastomerbatches (see Appendix X1). Only approved elastomer batchesare to be used for reference tests and tests run to meet industryspecifications. Certain specific information concerning thesereference materials is available only to the CPD. This infor-mation i
27、s used to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.7.2.1 Information and location of the current CPD is alsoavailable from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers used are a nitrile (NI),a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation ofthe numbering system is established by the TMC as fol
28、lows:Type Ywhere:Type = NI, PA, FL, andY = Batch number of the particular formulation.7.4 The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years fromthe date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a sealcure date older than two years. Consult the TMC for anyapproved exceptions to this lifespan.
29、Place a note in thecomments section of the test report where exceptions havebeen approved.7.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at3Cto6C.7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five yearsunless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting Solution of Aeros
30、ol OT0.1 % sodium diocytlsulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilution of a 10 % solutionwith reagent water.8. Procedure8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil testsconcurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribeda
31、nd evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.8.2 Prior to cutting specimens and prior to performingelongation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for the elasto-mer to warm to 23 C 6 2 C, as required by Test MethodsD412. Referring to the procedure in Test Methods D412, useDie C to cut
32、a set of twelve dumbbell specimens out of theelastomer sheets as required for each reference and non-reference oil tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the sameunaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, onlycut one thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional va
33、riations.5Reference oils are available from theASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6The Central Parts Distributor for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.7Trademark of Instron Worldwide. The sole source of sup
34、ply of the apparatusknown to the committee at this time is Instron Worldwide Headquarters, 825University Ave., Norwood, MA 020622643. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
35、ting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.D5662 17a28.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used formeasuring initial properties, from the same elastomer batch.Use these dumbbells for measuring the percent elongationchanges.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve rectangular specime
36、ns, 25 mm by50 mm, for the percent volume change and hardness testing;each specimen having a thickness of 1.9 mm 6 0.12 mm.8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more NI, PA, and FLdumbbells forthe purpose of determining initial elongation properties. Sinceinitial elongation is not measured until after the test
37、completes(see 8.2.7), cutting of the initial elongation specimens after thetest completes is also permissible.8.2.4.1 In order to suspend the elastomer specimens asdescribed in 8.2.6 and 8.4, punch a hole in each not exceeding3.25 mm (0.128 in.) in diameter.8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbb
38、ells and twelverectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets oftest elastomers.8.2.5.1 Use the water displacement procedure in accordancewith Test Method D471 to determine the initial volumemeasurements. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest1 mg. For the mass in water, immerse th
39、e coupon in a 1.0 %wetting solution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon indistilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no airbubbles are clinging to the coupon surface before recording themass to the nearest 1 mg.8.2.6 The elastomer specimens are used in groups of three.To differentiate e
40、ach individual specimen within its group, cutone corner from one of them and two corners from another ofthem using a razor blade or razor knife. The hypotenuse of theremoved corner shall measure 5 mm 6 2 mm (0.197 in. 60.079 in.). Do not write on the specimens using a paint stick,marker, or anything
41、 else as this may alter the elastomer surfacearea exposed to the test fluid.8.2.7 Measure initial elastomer properties of hardness andvolume prior to the start of testing. Initial elongation propertiesare determined just prior to running the end of test dumbbellsbecause of instrument calibration. Ta
42、ke care to measure hard-ness at least 10 mm (0.394 in.) from any specimen edge.8.3 Fill the test tubes with 150 mL 6 5 mLof non-referenceor reference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination.In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent ata 90 ang
43、le (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangularspecimens and three dumbbells in each of the four tubes. Use316 stainless steel M6 washers meeting DIN 125 specificationas spacers in between the specimens to aid in the separation.The intent is that the spacer material not chemically interactwith the
44、 test fluid or elastomer.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and testspecimens.8.4.2 Top the test tube with a stopper wrapped in aluminumfoil.8.4.3 Test the non-reference oil using one or more of thethree different seal elastomers with the same batch of elasto-mers as being used for the re
45、ference oil.8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable ofmaintaining a test oil temperature within 61 C for a period of240 h 6 0.5 h (see Table 1).8.4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermo-couple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside adummy test tube containing bath
46、 oil within the oil bath.8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of onceevery minute.8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent deviation for the elastomermaterial test oil temperature shown in Table 1 using thefollowing equation. Record the results in the test report.percent deviation 5(i51nSMi0.5R3TiD
47、D3100 (1)Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameterout of specification limit at occurrence i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside ofspecification range at occurrence i.(Ti is assumed to beno less than the recorded data-acquisition
48、 frequency,unless supplemental readings are documented), andD = test duration in same units as Ti.8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that exceeds the percent deviationlimits in Table 1.FIG. 1 Wire HangerFIG. 2 Test Tube ArrangementD5662 17a38.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing oneach s
49、eal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete referenceoil and non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within8 h of each other to be considered the same test.8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the specimens fromthe hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longerthan 30 min before beginning measurements.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, andplace them on a clean absorbent towel. Remove the excess oilwith a clean absorbent towel, and begin testing.8.6 Determine type
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