1、Designation: D 5704 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability ofLubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and FinalDrive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5704; the number immediately following the designat
2、ion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly refe
3、rred to as the L-60-1test.2It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, anddeposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected tohigh-temperature oxidizing conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be rega
4、rdedas the standard except for the catalyst weight loss and oilweight measurements, for which the unit is gram; the oilvolume, for which the unit is millilitre; the alternator output,for which the unit is watt; and the air flow, for which the unitis milligram per minute. The other SI values, which a
5、re inparentheses, are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato
6、ry limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B 224 Classification of CoppersD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Vi
7、scosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance wit
8、h SpecificationsE 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)2.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Standard for Instrument Air2.3 Military Specification:5MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:6Engineering Drawings3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 carbon, nin ma
9、nual transmissions and final driveaxles, a hard, dry, generally black or gray deposit that can beremoved by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.3.1.2 lubricant, nin manual transmission and final driveaxles, lubricating oil.3.1.3 sludge, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a deposit pr
10、incipally composed of the lubricating oil andoxidation products that do not drain from parts but can beremoved by wiping with a cloth.3.1.4 thermal and oxidative stability, nin lubricating oilsused for manual transmissions and final drive axles, a lack ofdeterioration of the lubricating oil under hi
11、gh-temperatureconditions that is observed as viscosity increase of the lubri-cating oil, insolubles formation in the lubricating oil, or depositformation on the parts, or a combination thereof.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and i
12、s the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.1.5 ThermocouplesFor determination, recording, andcontrol of the test oil temperature, a18-in. (3.2-mm) Type Jopen-tip thermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for otherdata measurements ma
13、y be used as suitable to the user but inall cases shall be placed behind the baffle plate in the gear boxassembly and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patternsduring the test.6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording devicecapable of generating a temperature record using the specifi
14、edthermocouples and temperature control devices. Temperaturetraces for tests shall be submitted with the test report.6.1.7 AlternatorThe alternator for loading is speci-fied.11,13No substitutions are allowed. Wiring for the alternatorshall be modified as shown in the engineering drawings.Modify the
15、alternator load circuit as shown in Annex A7.6.1.8 Heater BlowerThe heater blower system shall sup-ply to the insulated oven assembly 29.5 6 5ft3/min (835 6142 L/min) of air (at free flow conditions) through the 218-in.(54-mm) diameter blower opening as shown in the engineeringdrawings. The heater b
16、lower may be a cage type blower wheelpowered by an electric motor or powered by way of a toothedbelt from the main drive shaft.6.1.8.1 Confirm the heater blower system air flow at labo-ratory ambient conditions with a Preso Low Loss VenturiMeter11,14(2-in. model LPL-200NF-38) with carbon steelbody,1
17、4-in. NPT instrument connections and 2-in. 150-lb7Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St. NW, Washington,DC 20005.8Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1353.9Available from Society of Automotiv
18、e Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.10The sole source of supply of Chromalox No. 118-553661-505; 1500 W knownto the committee at this time is Anderson Bolos, Inc., 24050 Commerce Park Rd.,Cleveland, OH 44122-5838.11If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thi
19、s information toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will be given careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.12The sole source of supply of the Ogden FD 1Z0895; 150 W known to thecommittee at this time is Ogden, 719 W. Algonquin Rd., Arlington Hts., O
20、H.13The sole source of supply of the Delco-Remy GM Part No. 1105360, ModelNo. 10-SI Series Type 100, 63 A; 12 V negative ground known to the committee atthis time is S. E. Chevrolet Co., 2810 Bishop Rd; Willoughby Hills, OH 44092 orany other GM dealer.14The sole source of supply of the apparatus kno
21、wn to the committee at this timeis SW Controls Inc., 2525 East Royalton Road, Broadview Heights, OH 44147.D5704072raised-face process connections and a Dwyer digital manom-eter,11,15part number 475-00-FM. Perform the verificationwith the heater elements turned off.6.1.8.2 Send the Preso Low Loss Ven
22、turi Meter togetherwith the Dwyer digital manometer to the specified calibrationlaboratory16for cleaning and calibration at least once a year.6.1.9 Air Flow ControllerThe air flow controller11,17shallbe capable of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of 22.086 2.01 mg/min (see Note 1).NOTE 1It
23、has been suggested that 20 to 30 ft of supply line betweenthe air regulator and the mass air flow meter may help to reduce flowmeter readout fluctuations.6.1.10 Test Gears, one machine tool change gear (34 teeth,38-in. (9.5-mm) wide and one machine tool change gear (50teeth,38-in. (9.5-mm) wide).11,
24、186.1.11 Test Bearing, ball bearing.11,196.1.12 O-ring Seals, O-ring for the seal plate and O-ring forthe cover plate.11,196.1.13 Lip Seals, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF shaft oil lipseals, part number 6383, are required.11,196.1.14 Speedi-sleeve, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF speedi-sleeves, part number
25、 99062, are required.11,196.1.15 Joint Radial Seal, two Chicago Rawhide or SKFjoint radial (V-ring) seals, part number 400164, are re-quired.11,196.1.16 Gear Holder Apparatus, used to hold the test gearsduring preparation (Annex A9).6.2 All new equipment shall be constructed in accordancewith the en
26、gineering drawings available as an adjunct fromASTM Headquarters6in order to meet calibration require-ments. Builders unable to obtain specified parts and wishing touse substitutes shall request approval fromASTM Subcommit-tee D02.B0.03.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Air, compressed, instrument qualit
27、y, meeting ANSI/ISA-S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, andmaximum oil content of the air at the instrument.7.2 Copper Catalyst, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitchcopper, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System)C11000.11,12The two strips shall be sheared to approximately916 by
28、 11316 in. from116-in. thick stock (approximately 14 by46 mm from 1.6-mm thick stock).NOTE 2For more information on the classification of coppers and theUnified Numbering System (UNS), consult Classification B 224 andPractice E 527, respectively.7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent.(WarningCombustible,health
29、hazard (see Annex A3).)11,20,217.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.7.5 Solvent, Use only mineral spirits meeting the require-ments of Specification D 235, Type II, Class C for AromaticContent (0-2% vol), Flash Point (142F/61C, min) and Color(not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale)
30、.(WarningCombustible. Health hazard.) Obtain a Certificateof Analysis for each batch of solvent from the supplier.)7.6 Toluene, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.7.7 Heptane, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazar
31、d.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Air Box Temperature Limiting DeviceAfter initial riginstallation, preset the oven air temperature limit to 400F(204C). This can be achieved by placing the insulated ovencover in position on the rig and inst
32、alling the air temperaturesensor at a penetration depth of 3 in. (75 mm) below the topinner surface of the cover. Switch on the heaters and circulatingfan. Adjust the temperature control device to deactivate theheaters when the air temperature reaches 400F. This oventemperature limit may later be re
33、duced as outlined in 10.3 tomeet rig heat-up requirements.8.2 Temperature Recording and ControllingInstrumentationSince this test procedure is extremely sensi-tive to temperature, it is necessary to maintain a periodic checkupon the accuracy of all items related to temperature measure-ment and contr
34、ol. Therefore, immediately after the installationof a new test rig, and before every set of reference tests, theinstrumentation used to measure and record the air and oiltemperatures shall be calibrated against known standardstraceable to NIST.22For instance, the oil temperature thermo-couple and in
35、dicating controller shall be calibrated. This can beaccomplished by immersing the tip of the probe into anauxiliary temperature-controlled oil bath equipped with astirrer. The bath temperature shall be set accurately at 325F(162.8C) and the test measuring equipment shall be confirmedto be accurate p
36、rior to testing.8.3 Gear CaseUsing the organic cleaning agent (see 7.3),clean the gear case, vent tube, vent tube baffle, retainerbushings, seal sleeves, case cover plate, seal plate, nuts, studs,flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings, bearing bushingsand clamp, keys, shaft ends, shaft nuts, an
37、d catalysts. Nylonbristle brushes, steel brushes, and long pipe cleaners can beused to aid cleaning. Do not use any copper or copper-containing brushes or material as a cleaning medium. Follow-ing the cleaning procedure with an organic cleaning agent,wash parts thoroughly with cleaning solvent (see
38、7.5), and15The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis JF Good Company, 11200 Madison Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102.16Bowser-Morner, 4518 Taylorsville Rd., Dayton, OH 45424.17The sole source of supply of the Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1 knownto the committee at
39、this time is Sierra Instruments, Inc., 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L,Monterey, CA 93940.18The sole source of supply of the GA-34 and GA-50 gears known to thecommittee at this time is Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward St., Quincy, MA 02171.19The sole source of supply of the R-14 10 ball bearing, No. 2-153 (sea
40、l plateO-ring), No. 2-264 (cover plate O-ring), 6383 seals, 400164 seals, and 99062speedi-sleeves known to the committee at this time is Motion Industries, 4620Hinckley Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44109.20The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Oakite Products, In
41、c., 13177 Huron River Dr., Romulus, MI 48174.21The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Pentone Corp., 74 Hudson Ave., Tenafly, NJ 07670.22National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly National Bureau ofStandards), Gaithersburg, MD 20899.D5704073fin
42、ally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or 7.7), tofacilitate air drying. Allow parts to air dry.8.4 Test GearsThoroughly clean the test gears with clean-ing solvent (see 7.5). Carefully examine the gear teeth for nicksand burrs. Do not use gears with major imperfections. Redressminor gear
43、 teeth imperfections with a fine stone or file. Afterfinal examination, wash gears once more with cleaning solventand finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate airdrying. Allow gears to air dry.8.4.1 Prepare each gear with one piece of Screen-Kut siliconcarbide C-180 paper.11,23Use
44、one side of the silicon carbidepaper to prepare one side of a gear. Use the opposite side of thesilicon carbide paper to prepare the opposite side of the gear.Place a piece of silicon carbide paper on a solid surface that hasa thickness greater than or equal to12 in. Saturate the entiresilicon carbi
45、de paper with cleaning solvent (see 7.5). Sand bothsides of the test gears, with the required gear holder apparatus(6.1.16) on the silicon carbide paper, using a figure eightmotion. Do not apply a downward force to the gear holderwhile sanding. Sand the gears until the manufacturers machin-ing marks
46、 are removed. Prepare the test gears prior to thecatalyst. A third sheet of silicon carbide paper may be used toprepare the catalyst strips. After final examination, wash gearsonce more with cleaning solvent (see 7.5) and finally with avolatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate air drying. Allowgea
47、rs to air dry. If the gears are not to be used immediately,wrap them in a paper towel and Nox-Rust paper.11,24Start thetest within 24 h after polishing is completed.8.4.2 Discard the test gears if not used within 24 h.8.5 Test BearingPrior to installation, wash the test bearingfirst with cleaning so
48、lvent (see 7.5), and finally with a volatilehydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow the bearing toair dry.8.6 Copper Catalyst:8.6.1 Notch one strip for purpose of identification. Thenotch shall be triangular in shape centered on the long side ofthe strip. Sides of the triangular notch shall
49、 be equal andapproximately 0.2 in. (approximately 5 mm) in length.8.6.2 Polish both catalyst strips on all six sides with a 180-grit silicon carbide paper.8.6.3 Wipe both catalyst strips with absorbent cotton padsmoistened with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and wash with avolatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow cata-lyst strips to air dry.8.6.4 Record the weight of the catalyst with the notchedstrip to the nearest 0.0001 g prior to installation. Handlecleaned catalyst strips with one of the following: new nitrilegloves, new latex gloves,
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