1、Designation: D 5707 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasuring Friction and Wear Properties of LubricatingGrease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5707; the number immediately following the designa
2、tion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a proced
3、ure for determining alubricating greases coefficient of friction and its ability toprotect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm,duration of 2 h, and temperature withi
4、n the range of the testmachine, specifically, ambient to 280C. Other test loads (10 to1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and10 to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 to 500 Hz) andstroke amplitudes (0.1 up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified.The precision of this test method
5、is based on the statedparameters and test temperatures of 50 and 80C.Average wearscar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are deter-mined and reported.NOTE 1Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.1.2 This test method can als
6、o be used for determining a fluidlubricants ability to protect against wear and its coefficient offriction under similar test conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to
7、address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 295/A 29
8、5M Specification for High-CarbonAnti-FrictionBearing SteelD 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme PressureProperties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency
9、, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineD 6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and WearProperties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating OilsUsing SRV Test MachineE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Standards:3DIN EN ISO
10、 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels andfree-cutting steels Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN 51834 , Part 3DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-tions (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaceshaving stratified functional properties Part 2: Heightcharacterization
11、 using linear material ratio curve (replacesDIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness; pa-rameters RK,RPK,RVK,Mr1,Mr2for the description of thematerial portion)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition processoccurring in newly established wearing conta
12、cts, often accom-panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, orboth, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribologicalsystems long-term behavior. G403.1.2 coeffcient of friction, n in tribology, the dimension-less ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to thenormal f
13、orce (N) pressing these bodies together. G401This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. O
14、riginallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 570798(2003)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin 30,Germany.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contactbetween two nonconfo
16、rming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deforma-tion. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of thepressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.G403.1.5 lubric
17、ant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D 41753.1.6 lubricating grease, na semifluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes
18、 the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties. D 2173.1.7 Ra (C.L.A), nmeasuring surface finish, the arith-metic average of the absolute distances of all profile pointsfrom the mean line for a given distance.43.
19、1.7.1 DiscussionC.L.A. means center line average, andit is a synonym for Ra.3.1.8 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak stickingout above the core profile section.3.1.9 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is
20、 the mean depth of the valleyreaching into the material below the core profile section.3.1.10 Ry, nin measuring surface finish, the verticaldistance between the top of the highest peak and the bottom ofthe deepest valley in one sampling length of the roughnessprofile.53.1.11 Rz (DIN), nin measuring
21、surface finish, the aver-age of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessmentlength.63.1.12 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss, (Ger-man); oscillating, friction, wear, (English translation).D 57063.1.13 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substancecomposed of finely divided particles
22、 dispersed in a liquidlubricant to form the products structure.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at most, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requ
23、ire-ments are that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant. D 2173.1.14 wear, ndamage to a solid surface, generally in-volving progressive loss of material, due to the relative motionbetween t
24、hat surface and a contacting substance or substances.G403.1.15 Wv, nWear volume is the loss of volume to the ballafter a test. D 64253.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between therubbing surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSeizure i
25、s usually indicated by a sharpincrease in coefficient of friction, wear, or unusual noise andvibration. In this test method, increase in coefficient of frictionis displayed on the chart recorder as a permanent rise in thecoefficient of friction from a steady state value.4. Summary of Test Method4.1
26、This test method is performed on an SRV test machineusing a test ball oscillated under constant load against a testdisk.NOTE 2The frequency of oscillation, stroke length, test temperature,test load, and test ball and disk material can be varied from those specifiedin this test method. The test ball
27、yields Hertzian point contact geometry.To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differing configurations can besubstituted for the test ball.4.2 The wear scar on the test ball and coefficient of frictionare measured. If a profilometer is available, a trace of the wearscar on the test disk can
28、also be used to obtain additional wearinformation.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear prop-erties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases atselected temperatures and loads specified for use in applica-tions where high-speed vibrational or start-stop m
29、otions arepresent for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzianpoint contact pressures. This test method has found applicationin qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocityjoints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricatinggreases used in roller bearings. Users of thi
30、s test method shoulddetermine whether results correlate with field performance orother applications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,7illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.6.2 Microscope, equipped with a filar eyepiece graduated in0.005-mm division or equipped with a micrometer stagereadable to 0.005 mm. Mag
31、nification should be sufficient toallow for ease of measurement. One to 103 magnification hasbeen found acceptable.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls7, 52100 steel, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, 0.025 60.005-m Ra surface finish, 10-mm diameter.7.2 Lower Test Disk,5vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI52100 stee
32、l with an inclusion rating using Method D, Type A,as severity level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E454Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bull
33、etin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 25.6Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this t
34、imeis Optimol Instruments Prftechnik GmbH, Friedenstrasse 10, D-81671 Munich,Germany. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informationto ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may att
35、end.D5707052and Specification A 295/A 295M or an inclusion sum valueK1# 10 according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodizedannealed to obtain globular carbide, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, thesurfaces of the disk being lapped and free of lapping rawmaterials. The topography of the disk will be determined byfou
36、r values, 24-mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick:0.5 m Rz 0.650 m0.035 m C.L.A. (Ra) 0.050 m0.020 m Rpk 0.035 m0.050 m Rvk 0.075 mNOTE 3The DIN 17230-1980 was replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-17.7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Healt
37、h hazard.)7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Healthhazard.)7.6 Cleaning Solvent, a mixture of equal volumes ofn-heptane, isopropanol, and toluene. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder and allow towarm up for 15 min pr
38、ior to running tests.8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peakvalue position on the test apparatus in accordance with themanufacturers directions.NOTE 4In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the slidingswitch on electronic card No. 291.35.20E (front side of electroni
39、cs behindthe front panel) and the sliding switch located on the back panel of thecontrol unit.8.3 Turn the amplitude knob to ZERO.8.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.8.5 Set the frequency to 50 Hz and duration to 2 h, 00 min,30 s, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.8.6 S
40、et the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions. Select thedesired chart speed.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the test ball and disk by wiping the surfaces withlaboratory tissue soaked with the cleaning solvent. Repeatwiping until no dark residue appears
41、on the tissue. Immerse thespecimen ball and disk in a beaker of the cleaning solventunder ultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry the test ball and diskwith a clean tissue ensuring no streaking occurs on the surface.9.2 Place a small amount (approximately 0.1 to 0.2 g, thesize of a pea) of lubricating
42、grease to be tested on the cleanedlower test disk in an area such that overlapping with previouswear scars will not occur.9.3 Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middleof the lubricating grease specimen so that the grease makes acircular symmetric pad between the ball and disk.9.4 Ensu
43、re the machine is unloaded (indicated by a loadreading of 13 or 14 N) and carefully place the disk contain-ing the lubricating grease specimen and test ball on the test areaplatform.9.5 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistance totightening just begins. Load unit to 100 N and tighten th
44、e balland disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Reduce the load to 50N for break-in.9.6 Turn on the heater control and set to the desiredtemperature.9.7 When temperature has stabilized, turn on the chartrecorder paper feed, and lower the recording pens. Depress thedrive start toggle switch until the ti
45、mer begins to count andthen adjust the stroke amplitude knob to 1.00 mm.NOTE 5Stroke should be checked periodically by measuring the weartrack length minus the ball scar diameter. The difference must be smallerthan 610 % of the set stroke.9.8 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the load to
46、200 N on the slow ramp speed setting and run at that load for2h6 15 s. The test machine will automatically stop.FIG. 1 SRV Test Machine, Model III1. Oscillation drive rod 6. Electrical resistance heater2. Test ball holder 7. Resistance thermometer3. Load rod 8. Test disk holder4. Test ball 9. Piezoe
47、lectric measuring device5. Test disk 10. Receiving blockFIG. 2 Test Chamber ElementsD57070539.9 At the end of the test, turn off the heater control, turnpower back on, and reduce the load to 13 or 14 N fordisassembly.NOTE 6Power automatically turns off at the end of the test.9.10 Remove and clean th
48、e test ball and disk in accordancewith 9.1.9.11 Place the test ball on a suitable holder and by means ofa microscope, measure to the nearest 0.005 mm the minimumscar width and again at 90 to the first measurement. Measurethe minimum coefficient of friction values from the chartrecorder graph.Althoug
49、h not specifically part of the procedure,when additional wear analysis or the wear volume is required,perform a profilometric trace across the wear scar on the testdisk in accordance with the profilometer manufacturers in-structions.NOTE 7Criteria for using the wear volume are stated in Test MethodD 6425-02 and for calculating the wear volume in DIN 51834, Part 3.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 All parameters used to evaluate material as follows:10.1.1.1 Test temperature, C,10.1.1.2 Test break-in
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