ASTM D5779-1995a(2001) Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity of Rock and Manmade Materials for Erosion Control《岩石和人造材料的特殊外观的腐蚀控制的测定的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 5779 95a (Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forField Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity of Rockand Manmade Materials for Erosion Control1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina

2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specificgravity

3、of rock for erosion control. This test method can beused for all types of materials, both naturally occurring ormanmade.1.2 This is a field test method to measure apparent specificgravity. For laboratory determination of bulk specific gravitysee Test Methods C 97.1.3 The values stated in SI units ar

4、e to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitati

5、ons prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Grav-ity of Dimension Stone2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluid

6、s3D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, andRelated Construction Materials Testing3D 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used forErosion Control4,53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 field apparent specific gravitythe ratio o

7、f the weightin air of a unit volume of impermeable rock or manmadematerial, to the weight of an equal volume of water. This issimilar to the definition of apparent specific gravity in Termi-nology D 653 except that non-distilled water is used for the testand the test can be run under a variety of te

8、mperatures.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen (block, chunk, slab, or piece) of rock ormanmade material is weighed in air and then weighed againwhile immersed in water. Using the weights, the field specificgravity is calculated. The determined specific gravity can thenbe used to determine a mas

9、s per unit volume.5. Significance and Use5.1 Specific gravity is one factor used to determine therequired mass of individual particles used as gabion-fill, riprap,armor stone, breakwater stone, or other types of rock productsused for erosion control applications, and acceptibility of thesematerials

10、for their intended use.6. Apparatus6.1 BalanceA balance or scale conforming to the require-ments of Specification D 4753 readable (with no estimation) to1 % or better of the mass of the test specimen. For masses over50 kg a load-cell, spring scale, or some other device accurateto within 1 % of the m

11、ass may be used.6.2 Specimen ContainerA wire basket or sling or pancapable of holding a specimen of rock and suspending it inwater.6.3 WaterA volume of water large enough to submergethe specimen and its container.7. Sampling7.1 A source of rock to be sampled shall be guided byPractice D 4992. A sour

12、ce that is macroscopically uniform incolor, texture, mineralogy, or some other visual property shallbe represented by a sample consisting of a minimum of fivespecimens of rock. A macroscopically nonuniform source shallbe represented by a minimum of eight samples of rock. Rocktypes that comprise less

13、 than 5 % of the total source, asdetermined from their macroscopic properties, may be ignored,unless their presence will greatly affect the test results and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Roc

14、k for ErosionControl.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published March 1996. Originallypublished as D 5779 95. Last previous edition D 5779 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.5Annual Book of ASTM Stan

15、dards, Vol 04.09.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.subsequent proposed use of the rock. Sample the rock types intheir approximate proportion to the types that occur at thesource.7.2 Specimens shall be clean and without

16、any soil particlesor other materials adhering to them that will affect the testresults. Washing of the samples followed by air-drying may benecessary.7.3 Air-dry specimens until all surfaces are visually dry.7.4 Each specimen shall be a minimum of 2.3 kg (5 lb) inmass. The maximum mass shall be limi

17、ted only by the size ofthe scale and water-filled tank. Small pieces of rock shall becombined to produce a specimen having a minimum of 2.3-kgmass for weighing.NOTE 1Evaluation of the properties of rock is best performed bytesting the largest possible samples.8. Procedure8.1 Perform the test in the

18、field at any temperature above thefreezing temperature of water.8.2 Determine the air-dry mass of each block and record itsmass to the nearest 1 %.8.3 Place each specimen in the specimen container andimmerse it completely in water.8.4 Determine the mass of each block while immersed inwater and recor

19、d the mass to the nearest 1 %.NOTE 2The tare value of the specimen container shall be adjusted ordetermined while the container is immersed in water without the speci-men. The apparatus shall be immersed to the same level (depth) during thetest to reduce error caused by the mass of the equipment abo

20、ve and belowthe water level.NOTE 3Specific gravities of samples of large rock can be made usingpower equipment, slings, and load cells or some other means of deter-mining its mass.9. Calculation9.1 Specific GravityCalculate the air-dried apparent spe-cific gravity for each specimen of rock as follow

21、s:apparent specific gravity 5mass in airmass in air 2 mass in water(1)NOTE 4For those circumstances requiring results reportable to 0.01specific gravity unit, a laboratory determination using Test Methods C 97may be used.9.2 Average Apparent Specific GravityCalculate the aver-age air-dried apparent

22、specific gravity of the rock source asfollows:average apparentspecific gravity5summation of specific gravitiesnumber of samples tested(2)NOTE 5The average specific gravity shall be calculated for a speci-men of combined small pieces. The specific gravity of individual piecesshall not be required.10.

23、 Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Source of the samples, its location, the date sampledand tested, and the geological formation if known,10.1.2 Description and type of materials,10.1.3 Name of the individuals performing the test,10.1.4 Specific gravities of all specimens to the nea

24、rest 0.1specific gravity unit,10.1.5 Average specific gravity for the source to the nearest0.1 specific gravity unit,10.1.6 Variability in test results if multiple tests are made onthe same specimens,10.1.7 Type of equipment used to perform the test, that is,balance with basket in tank, crane with s

25、ling and load cell, andso forth, and10.1.8 Photograph of specimens and equipment used intesting. This is optional.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe following estimates of precision arebased on the results of testing conducted by six laboratories onfive different kinds of dolomite and limestone

26、.11.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operatorstandard deviation of a single test result has been found to be0.008.6Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests bythe same operator should not differ by more than 0.02.611.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratorystandard deviation

27、of a single test result has been found to be0.027.6Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests indifferent laboratories on the same material should not differ bymore than 0.08.611.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod; therefore, bias cannot be determined.12. Keywords

28、12.1 riprap; rock; rock material properties; specific gravityThe ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any itemmentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any su

29、ch patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invit

30、ed either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a

31、 fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).6These numbers represent, respectively, the (ls) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C 670.D 57792