ASTM D5779-2008 317 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity of Rock and Manmade Materials for Erosion Control《为冲刷控制现场测定岩石和人造材料的特殊外观重力的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 5779 08Standard Test Method forField Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity of Rockand Manmade Materials for Erosion Control1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t

2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specificgravity of rock or man-mad

3、e materials for erosion control.1.2 This is a field test method to measure apparent specificgravity. For laboratory determination of bulk specific gravitysee Test Method D 6473.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are givenfor

4、information only.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th

5、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD 653 Terminology

6、Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock,

7、 andConstruction Materials TestingD 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used forErosion ControlD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataD 6473 Test Method For Specific Gravity And Absorptionof Rock For Erosion Control3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions spec

8、ific to this standard referto Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 field apparent specific gravitythe ratio of the massin air of a unit volume of impermeable rock or man-madematerial, to the mass of an equal volume of water. This issimilar to the definition of a

9、pparent specific gravity in Termi-nology D 653 except that non-distilled water is used for the testand the test can be run under a variety of temperatures.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen (block, chunk, slab, or piece) of rock ormanmade material is weighed in air and then weighed againwhile i

10、mmersed in water. Using the masses, the field specificgravity is calculated. The determined specific gravity can thenbe used to determine a mass per unit volume.5. Significance and Use5.1 Specific gravity is one factor used to determine therequired mass of individual particles used as gabion-fill, r

11、iprap,armor stone, breakwater stone, or other types of rock productsused for erosion control applications, and acceptibility of thesematerials for their intended use.NOTE 1The agency performing this test method can be evaluated inaccordance with Practice D 3740. Not withstanding statements on preci-

12、sion and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this testmethod is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it andthe suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand obje

13、ctive testing. Users of this test method are cautioned thatcompliance with D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing. Reliabletesting depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means ofevaluating some of those factors.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18

14、on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5779 95a (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs

15、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor

16、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 BalanceA balance or scale conforming to the require-ments of Specification D 4753 readable (with no estimation) to1 % or better of the mass of the test specimen and which hasprovisions for attaching to a specimen co

17、ntainer. For massesover 50 kg a load-cell, spring scale, or some other deviceaccurate to within 1 % of the mass may be used.6.2 Specimen ContainerA wire basket or sling or pan tobe attached to the scale and capable of holding the specimenand suspending it in water.6.3 Water bathA vessel filled with

18、a volume of waterlarge enough to submerge the specimen container withouttouching any of the vessels sides.6.4 An example apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.7. Sampling7.1 A source of rock to be sampled shall be guided byPractice D 4992. A source that is macroscopically uniform incolor, texture, mineralogy

19、, or some other visual property shallbe represented by a sample consisting of a minimum of fivespecimens of rock. A macroscopically nonuniform source shallbe represented by a minimum of eight samples of rock.7.2 Rock types that comprise less than 5 % of the totalsource, as determined from their macr

20、oscopic properties, maybe ignored, unless their presence will greatly affect the testresults and subsequent proposed use of the rock.7.3 Sample the rock or man-made material types in theirapproximate proportion to the types that occur at the source.8. Specimens8.1 Specimens shall be clean and withou

21、t any soil particlesor other materials adhering to them that will affect the testresults. Washing of the specimens followed by air drying maybe necessary.8.2 Air dry specimens until all surfaces are visually dry.8.3 Each specimen shall be a minimum of 2.3 kg (5 lb) inmass. The maximum mass shall be

22、limited only by the size ofthe scale and water-filled tank. Small pieces of rock shall becombined to produce a specimen having a minimum of 2.3-kgmass for weighing.NOTE 2Evaluation of the properties of rock is best performed bytesting the largest possible specimens.9. Procedure9.1 Perform the test i

23、n the field at any temperature above thefreezing temperature of water.9.2 Determine the air-dry mass of each specimen and recordits mass to the nearest 1 %.9.3 Determine the tare value of the specimen containerwhile the container is immersed in water without the specimen.9.4 Place each specimen in t

24、he specimen container andimmerse it completely in water.9.5 Determine the mass of each specimen while immersedin water and record the mass to the nearest 1 %. The specimencontainer shall be immersed to the same level (depth) as whendetermining the tare value to reduce error caused by the massof the

25、equipment above and below the water level.NOTE 3Specific gravities of large specimens can be made usingFIG. 1 Example ApparatusD5779082power equipment, slings, and load cells or some other means of deter-mining its mass.10. Calculation10.1 Apparent Specific GravityCalculate the air-dried ap-parent s

26、pecific gravity for each specimen of rock as follows:apparent specific gravity 5mass in airmass in air 2 mass in water(1)NOTE 4For those circumstances requiring results reportable to 0.01specific gravity unit, a laboratory determination using Test MethodsD 6473 may be used.10.2 Average Apparent Spec

27、ific GravityCalculate the av-erage air-dried apparent specific gravity of the rock source,sample, or both, as follows:average apparent specific gravity 5summation of specific gravitiesnumber of samples tested(2)NOTE 5The average specific gravity may be calculated for a specimenof combined small piec

28、es. The specific gravity of individual pieces shallnot be required.11. Report: Records11.1 Record the following information:11.1.1 Source of the samples, its location, the date sampledand tested, and the geological formation if known,11.1.2 Description and type of materials,11.1.3 Name of the indivi

29、duals performing the test,11.1.4 Apparent specific gravities of all specimens to thenearest 0.1 specific gravity unit,11.1.5 Average apparent specific gravity for the source tothe nearest 0.1 specific gravity unit,11.1.6 The range in test values if multiple tests are made onthe same specimens or sam

30、ples,11.1.7 Type of equipment used to perform the test, that is,balance with basket in tank, crane with sling and load cell, andso forth, and11.1.8 Photograph of specimens and equipment used intesting. This is optional.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe following estimates of precision arebased

31、 on the results of testing conducted by six laboratories onfive different kinds of dolomite and limestone.12.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operatorstandard deviation of a single test result has been found to be0.008.3Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests bythe same operator sh

32、ould not differ by more than 0.02.312.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratorystandard deviation of a single test result has been found to be0.027.3Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests indifferent laboratories on the same material should not differ bymore than 0.08.312.2 BiasTh

33、ere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod; therefore, bias cannot be determined.13. Keywords13.1 riprap; rock; rock material properties; specific gravitySUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 5779 95a (2001

34、) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2008.)(1) Replaced C 97 with D 6473 which was written for rockrather than coarse aggregates.(2) Added reference to D 6026 and D 3740.(3) Replaced “weight” with “mass” in 3.2.1 and 4.1.(4) Note 2 was removed and added as a requirement in

35、Section9.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such ri

36、ghts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additiona

37、l standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the AST

38、M Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3These numbers represent, respectively, the (ls) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C 670.D5779083