1、Designation: D 5793 05Standard Test Method forBinding Sites per Unit Length or Width of Pile Yarn FloorCoverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thenumber of binding sites per unit length or width of machine-made,
3、woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering bothbefore and after adhesive backing application.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard for all measurements. The inch-pound values pro-vided are for information purposes only.1.3 Determination of the number of binding
4、 sites per unitlength or width of pile floor covering previously was containedwithin Test Methods D 418.NOTE 1For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 has subdividedTest Method D 418 into separate standards, of which this test method isone.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
5、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to T
6、extilesD 418 Test Methods of Testing Pile Yarn Floor CoveringConstructionD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 1909 Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for TextileFibersD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906
7、 Practice for Statements of Precision and Bias ofTextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to EstimateWith a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average Characteris-tic of a Lot Process3. Terminology3.1 For definitions terms relating to Pile Flo
8、or Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D 5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backcoating, backing, backing fabric, binding site, buried pile yarn,carpet, components, finished, finished pile yarn floor covering,floor covering, lengthwise direction, needles per unit width,
9、pile, pile heights, pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass,pitch, stitches, stubble, textile floor covering, tuft, tufted fabric,widthwise direction.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The length of pile floor covering containin
10、g 40 bindingsites is measured in either the lengthwise or widthwise direc-tion as required and the number of binding sites per unit lengthis calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost controlduring manufacture. Both appearance and performance of pileyarn flo
11、or coverings can be affected by the number of bindingsites per length and width.5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and themethod is used extensively in the trade for
12、 acceptance testing.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isstatistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use test sampl
13、es for such comparativetests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn form the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparateresults during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned inequal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test resultsfrom the laboratories shoul
14、d be compared using a statistical test1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn FloorCoverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previo
15、us edition approved in 2003 as D 5793 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Inte
16、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to thetesting series. If a bias is found either its cause must be foundand corrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consi
17、deration of the know bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Shears or Clippers, capable of shearing close enough tothe backing to leave a stubble of no more than 1.3 mm (0.05in.).6.2 Scale or Tape, metal, graduated in 1 mm (0.05 in.) andat least 10 % longer than the distance being measured.6.3 Location Markers, two,
18、such as straight pins.7. Sampling Units and Test Specimens7.1 Sampling Units:7.1.1 Uncoated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unitof uncoated floor covering is a production roll.7.1.2 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls
19、obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.7.2 Take a lot sample as directed in Practice E 122 whenstatistical knowledge of the product variability and test methodprecision is available, and decision has been made on themaximum deviation that can be tolerated between the estimatet
20、o be made from the sample and the result that would beobtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot. Other-wise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and the useof the test results obtained from the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlpro
21、gram or with the specification agreed to by the purchaserand the supplier.7.3 Atest sample shall consist of a full width section of floorcovering cut from one end of each roll in the lot sample andshall be at least 100 mm (4 in.) longer than the specimensrequired for the tests being conducted. Do no
22、t cut a test sampleof coated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.7.4 Test Specimens:7.4.1 The test specimens shall be large enough to include 44binding sites in each direction.7.4.2 This test method may be nondestructive since themeasurements may be made on the test specimens without
23、cutting the test specimens from the test sample.7.4.3 A test specimen is a designated area of a test samplethat may be marked on or cut from the test sample as directedin the test method. For test samples 3000 mm (118 in.) wide orwider, three test specimens are required, one at each edge nonearer to
24、 the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering widthand one in the middle portion of the test sample. For testsamples at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide but less 3000 mm (118in.), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearer to theedge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. For testsamples l
25、ess than 1500 mm wide (60 in.), take one specimen,from the middle.7.4.4 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) ormore in width, as with modular pattern device having separatecontrols or adjustments for each module, take test
26、specimensfrom the middle of each band.7.4.5 When a full width test sample is not available, take aspecimen as directed in 7.4.3 and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.7.5 Atest result is the average of the measurements made ona set of test specimens as desc
27、ribed in 7.4.3, 7.4.4,or7.4.5.Inthese methods, directions are given only for obtaining a testresult from one test sample. The value representative of the lotbeing sampled will be the average of the test results for all thetest samples in the lot sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test specimens
28、 or the test sample asdirected in Practice D 1776 in the at standard atmosphere fortesting textiles (21 6 1C (70 6 2F)at656 2 % relativehumidity) for 12 h or until the mass changes no more than0.1%in2h.8.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of over 5 %, the specimen may
29、be conditioned beforemeasuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers arelisted in Table D 1909.9. Procedure9.1 If the binding sites are visible from the back, place thetest specimen face down on a flat surface; otherwise, place thetest specimen back down and shear the pile close to the bac
30、kingto reveal the binding sites. Select a line of binding sites in thedirection to be counted.9.1.1 Handle uncoated floor coverings carefully to avoiddistortion of binding sites of coated floor covering after treatingwith reagents and removing the secondary backing.9.2 Select a distinguishing featur
31、e found at each bindingsite.NOTE 2It is not necessary to define precisely the boundaries of abinding site; only to use the same distinguishing feature in every bindingsite being counted in a particular specimen. For tufted floor covering, adistinguishing feature is the needle hole separating two adj
32、acent bindingsites. For woven floor covering, it may be a filling yarn appearing once onthe back for every binding site.9.3 Locate the zero point at this distinguishing feature ofone binding site with a marker.9.4 Count 40 complete binding sites from this marker andinsert another marker at this dist
33、inguishing feature of the 40thsite.NOTE 3Some pile yarn floor coverings exhibit non-straight linebinding sites; therefore, counting is facilitated by counting on the backside of the specimen.9.5 Measure the length, L, between the marked binding siteswith the graduated scale or tape, reading to the n
34、earest 1 mm(0.05 in.).9.6 Make one measurement on each of the test specimens orspecimen areas.10. Calculation10.1 For each measurement calculate the number of bindingsites per unit length (or width) to the nearest 0.1 sites/length(width) using Eq 1.N 5 40/L (1)D5793052where:N = number of binding sit
35、es per unit length (or width) offloor covering, andL = length measured as directed in 9.5, mm (in.).11. Report11.1 State that the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D 5793 for determining the binding sites per unitlength or width of pile floor covering. Describe the material orproduct
36、sampled and the method of sampling used.11.1.1 Report the average number of binding sites per unitlength or width of pile yarn floor covering as agreed betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. In the absence of such agree-ment, report the number of binding sites per unit length(width).12. Precision an
37、d Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the differencesshould not exceed the single-operator precision values show inTables 1-4 for the respective number of tests in 95 out of 100cases when all the observations are all taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same test method techniques
38、and specimens randomly drawn from the sample of material.Larger differences are likely to occur under all other circum-stances.12.2 Inter-laboratory Test DataAn inter-laboratory testwas run in 2001 in which randomly drawn samples of sevenmaterials were tested in each of six laboratories. Each labora
39、-tory used one operator, and each operator tested two samples ofeach of the seven materials using Test Method D 5793,recording results for stitches per inch in the length directionand stitches per inch in the width direction. One sample set(Material 7) was discarded after being flagged as a special
40、casebecause of an obvious calculation error at one lab. Componentsof variance for length and width expressed as standard devia-tions were calculated to be the values listed in Tables 5 and 6.Analysis of the data was conducted using Practices D 2904 andD 2906. The material types were:Material 1: Tuft
41、ed commercial loop pile carpetMaterial 2: Tufted commercial loop pile carpetMaterial 3: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 4: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 5: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 6: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 7: Tufted residential cut pile
42、carpet12.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported inTables 5 and 6, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences listedin Tables 1-4.12.4 BiasThe procedure in Test Metho
43、d D 5793 for de-termining the number of binding sites per unit length or widthhas no known bias and may be used as a referee method.TABLE 1 Critical Length Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsLength Single Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in Eac
44、hAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 0.352 0.10 0.10 0.344 0.07 0.07 0.338 0.05 0.05 0.33TABLE 2 Critical Length Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsLength Multi-Material ComparisonsNumber of TestR
45、esults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 0.632 0.10 0.10 0.624 0.07 0.07 0.628 0.05 0.05 0.61TABLE 3 Critical Width Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsWidth Single Material ComparisonsNum
46、ber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.16 0.16 0.762 0.11 0.11 0.754 0.08 0.08 0.758 0.06 0.06 0.75TABLE 4 Critical Width Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsWidth Single Material Co
47、mparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 1.022 0.10 0.10 1.014 0.07 0.07 1.018 0.05 0.05 1.01TABLE 5 Components of Variance Expressed as StandardDeviationsALengthVarianceComponentSingle MaterialComparisonsMulti
48、-MaterialComparisonsSingle operator 0.050 0.050Within laboratory 0 0Between laboratory 0.119 0.221AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to expressthe variability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares ofthose units of measure.TABLE 6 Components of
49、 Variance Expressed as StandardDeviationsAWidthVarianceComponentSingle MaterialComparisonsMulti-MaterialComparisonsSingle operator 0.057 0.057Within laboratory 0 0Between laboratory 0.269 0.363AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to expressthe variability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares ofthose units of measure.D579305313. Keywords13.1 binding sites; carpet; construction; floor covering; pileyarnAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. POPULAR TRADE TERMSX1.1 The following are popular trade terms used todescribe
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