1、Designation: D5793 13Standard Test Method forBinding Sites per Unit Length or Width of Pile Yarn FloorCoverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thenumber of binding sites per unit length or width of machine-made, wov
3、en, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering bothbefore and after adhesive backing application.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not consid
4、ered standard.1.3 Determination of the number of binding sites per unitlength or width of pile floor covering previously was containedwithin Test Methods D418.NOTE 1For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 has subdividedTest Method D418 into separate standards, of which this test method isone.1.4 T
5、his standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docume
6、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD418 Test Method for Testing Pile Yarn Floor CoveringConstruction (Withdrawn 1998)3D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains forTextile FibersD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory T
7、esting of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-drawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision,
8、the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3. Terminology3.1 For definitions terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backcoating, backing, backing fabric, binding site, buried pile yarn,carpet, compone
9、nts, finished, finished pile yarn floor covering,floor covering, lengthwise direction, needles per unit width,pile, pile heights, pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass,pitch, stitches, stubble, textile floor covering, tuft, tufted fabric,widthwise direction.3.2 For all other terminology related t
10、o textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The length of pile floor covering containing 40 bindingsites is measured in either the lengthwise or widthwise direc-tion as required and the number of binding sites per unit lengthis calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test me
11、thod is useful in quality and cost controlduring manufacture. Both appearance and performance of pileyarn floor coverings can be affected by the number of bindingsites per length and width.5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because current
12、 esti-mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and themethod is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine i
13、f there isstatistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparativetests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn form the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate1This test method is under the jurisdiction o
14、f ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5793 05. DOI:10.1520/D5793-13.2For referenced ASTM stan
15、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Co
16、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned inequal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test resultsfrom the laboratories should be compared using a statistical
17、testfor unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to thetesting series. If a bias is found either its cause must be foundand corrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the know bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Shears or Clippers, capable of shearing close eno
18、ugh tothe backing to leave a stubble of no more than 0.05 in. (1.3mm).6.2 Scale or Tape, metal, graduated in 0.05 in. (1 mm) andat least 10 % longer than the distance being measured.6.3 Location Markers, two, such as straight pins.7. Sampling Units and Test Specimens7.1 Sampling Units:7.1.1 Uncoated
19、 Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unitof uncoated floor covering is a production roll.7.1.2 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.7.2 Take a lot sample as dire
20、cted in Practice E122 whenstatistical knowledge of the product variability and test methodprecision is available, and decision has been made on themaximum deviation that can be tolerated between the estimateto be made from the sample and the result that would beobtained by measuring every sampling u
21、nit of the lot. Other-wise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and the useof the test results obtained from the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed to by the purchaserand the supplier.7.3 Atest sample s
22、hall consist of a full width section of floorcovering cut from one end of each roll in the lot sample andshall be at least 4 in. (100 mm) longer than the specimensrequired for the tests being conducted. Do not cut a test sampleof coated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.7.4 Test Sp
23、ecimens:7.4.1 The test specimens shall be large enough to include 44binding sites in each direction.7.4.2 This test method may be nondestructive since themeasurements may be made on the test specimens withoutcutting the test specimens from the test sample.7.4.3 A test specimen is a designated area o
24、f a test samplethat may be marked on or cut from the test sample as directedin the test method. For test samples 120 in. (3000 mm) wide orwider, three test specimens are required, one at each edge nonearer to the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering widthand one in the middle portion of the tes
25、t sample. For testsamples at least 60 in. (1500 mm) wide but less 120 in. (3000mm), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearer to theedge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. For testsamples less than 60 in. wide (1500 mm), take one specimen,from the middle.7.4.4 Where it is known th
26、at systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 18 in. (460 mm) ormore in width, as with modular pattern device having separatecontrols or adjustments for each module, take test specimensfrom the middle of each band.7.4.5 When a full width test sample is not available,
27、take aspecimen as directed in 7.4.3 and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.7.5 Atest result is the average of the measurements made ona set of test specimens as described in 7.4.3, 7.4.4,or7.4.5.Inthese methods, directions are given only for obtaining a tes
28、tresult from one test sample. The value representative of the lotbeing sampled will be the average of the test results for all thetest samples in the lot sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test specimens or the test sample asspecified in Practice D1776 in the standard atmosphere fortesting text
29、iles for 12 h or until the mass changes no more than0.1%in2h.8.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of over 5 %, the specimen may be conditioned beforemeasuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers arelisted in Table D1909.9. Procedure9.1 If the binding sites
30、are visible from the back, place thetest specimen face down on a flat surface; otherwise, place thetest specimen back down and shear the pile close to the backingto reveal the binding sites. Select a line of binding sites in thedirection to be counted.9.1.1 Handle uncoated floor coverings carefully
31、to avoiddistortion of binding sites of coated floor covering after treatingwith reagents and removing the secondary backing.9.2 Select a distinguishing feature found at each bindingsite.NOTE 2It is not necessary to define precisely the boundaries of abinding site; only to use the same distinguishing
32、 feature in every bindingsite being counted in a particular specimen. For tufted floor covering, adistinguishing feature is the needle hole separating two adjacent bindingsites. For woven floor covering, it may be a filling yarn appearing once onthe back for every binding site.9.3 Locate the zero po
33、int at this distinguishing feature ofone binding site with a marker.9.4 Count 40 complete binding sites from this marker andinsert another marker at this distinguishing feature of the 40thsite.NOTE 3Some pile yarn floor coverings exhibit non-straight linebinding sites; therefore, counting is facilit
34、ated by counting on the backside of the specimen.9.5 Measure the length, L, between the marked binding siteswith the graduated scale or tape, reading to the nearest 0.05 in.(1 mm).9.6 Make one measurement on each of the test specimens orspecimen areas.D5793 13210. Calculation10.1 For each measuremen
35、t calculate the number of bindingsites per unit length (or width) to the nearest 0.1 sites/length(width) using Eq 1.N 5 40/L (1)where:N = number of binding sites per unit length (or width) offloor covering, andL = length measured as directed in in. (mm).11. Report11.1 State that the test sample was
36、tested as directed in TestMethod D5793 for determining the binding sites per unit lengthor width of pile floor covering. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.11.1.1 Report the average number of binding sites per unitlength or width of pile yarn floor covering as ag
37、reed betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. In the absence of suchagreement, report the number of binding sites per unit length(width).12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the differencesshould not exceed the single-operator precision values show inTables 1-4 for the respecti
38、ve number of tests in 95 out of 100cases when all the observations are all taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same test method techniquesand specimens randomly drawn from the sample of material.Larger differences are likely to occur under all other circum-stances.12.2 Inter-laboratory
39、Test DataAn inter-laboratory testwas run in 2001 in which randomly drawn samples of sevenmaterials were tested in each of six laboratories. Each labora-tory used one operator, and each operator tested two samples ofeach of the seven materials using Test Method D5793, record-ing results for stitches
40、per inch in the length direction andstitches per inch in the width direction. One sample set(Material 7) was discarded after being flagged as a special casebecause of an obvious calculation error at one lab. Componentsof variance for length and width expressed as standard devia-tions were calculated
41、 to be the values listed in Tables 5 and 6.Analysis of the data was conducted using Practices D2904 andD2906. The material types were:Material 1: Tufted commercial loop pile carpetMaterial 2: Tufted commercial loop pile carpetMaterial 3: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 4: Tufted residenti
42、al cut pile carpetMaterial 5: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 6: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 7: Tufted residential cut pile carpet12.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported inTables 5 and 6, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly differ
43、ent at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences listedin Tables 1-4.12.4 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5793 for deter-mining the number of binding sites per unit length or width hasno known bias and may be used as a referee method.13. Keywords13.1 bi
44、nding sites; carpet; construction; floor covering; pileyarnTABLE 1 Critical Length Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsLength Single Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratory
45、Precision1 0.14 0.14 0.352 0.10 0.10 0.344 0.07 0.07 0.338 0.05 0.05 0.33TABLE 2 Critical Length Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsLength Multi-Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetw
46、eenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 0.632 0.10 0.10 0.624 0.07 0.07 0.628 0.05 0.05 0.61TABLE 3 Critical Width Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsWidth Single Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryP
47、recisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.16 0.16 0.762 0.11 0.11 0.754 0.08 0.08 0.758 0.06 0.06 0.75TABLE 4 Critical Width Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsWidth Single Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithi
48、nLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 1.022 0.10 0.10 1.014 0.07 0.07 1.018 0.05 0.05 1.01TABLE 5 Components of Variance Expressed as StandardDeviationsALengthVarianceComponentSingle MaterialComparisonsMulti-MaterialComparisonsSingle operator 0.050 0.050Within laboratory 0 0Betwe
49、en laboratory 0.119 0.221AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to expressthe variability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares ofthose units of measure.D5793 133APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. POPULAR TRADE TERMSX1.1 The following are popular trade terms used to describebinding sites:ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of an
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