ASTM D5798-2009a 346 Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines.pdf

1、Designation: D 5798 09aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forFuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c

2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This sp

3、ecification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additionalvolume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles withautomotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses thesignificance of the properties specified.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to

4、 be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. I

5、t is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 13

6、0 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in

7、Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD 1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spect

8、rometryD 2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion inHalogenated Organic Solvents and Their AdmixturesD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177

9、 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD 4814 Specificat

10、ion forAutomotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD 4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D 5190 Test Method for Vapo

11、r Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5501 Tes

12、t Method for Determination of Ethanol Contentof Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD 6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)E 203 Tes

13、t Method forWater UsingVolumetric Karl FischerTitrationE 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Ox

14、ygenate Blends.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D 579809.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST

15、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Coulometric Karl Fischer

16、 Titration2.2 Government Standards:340 CFR Part 80 Code of Federal Regulations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.1.2 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aliphatic ethera

17、n oxygen-containing, ashless, or-ganic compound in which the oxygen atom is interposedbetween two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the generalformula CnH2n+2O with n being 5 to 8, and in which the carbonatoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAliphatic compounds c

18、an be straight orbranched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term ali-phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to thesaturated compounds.3.2.2 denaturantsnatural gasoline, gasoline components,unleaded gasoline, or toxic or noxious materials added to fuelethanol to make it unsui

19、table for beverage use but notunsuitable for automotive use.3.2.3 denatured fuel ethanolfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants.3.2.4 fuel ethanolethanol with impurities common to itsproduction (including water but excluding denaturants).3.2.5 fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)b

20、lend of ethanol and hy-drocarbon of which the ethanol portion is nominally 70 to 85volume % denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.6 higher alcoholsaliphatic alcohols of general for-mula CnH2n+1OH with N being 3 to 8.3.2.7 hydrocarbonthose components in an ethanol-hydrocarbon blend containing only hydrogen and

21、carbon.3.2.8 pHea measure of the acid strength of alcohol fuels.4. Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) Performance Requirements4.1 Fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited are based on the best technicalinformation currently available. Requirem

22、ents for sulfur, phosphorus, andlead are based on the use of gasoline defined in Specification D 4814 andthe understanding that control of these elements will affect catalystlifetime. The lead maximum is limited for Class 1 and Class 2 fuels to thelower limit of the test method. As greater experienc

23、e is gained from fielduse of Ed75-Ed85 vehicles and further vehicle hardware developments forthe use of ethanol content fuels occurs, it is expected that many of theserequirements will change.4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climaticchanges by providing three vapor pressure classes fo

24、r fuelethanol (Ed75-Ed85). The seasonal and geographical distribu-tion for three vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth percentileminimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C (41F).Class 2 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth perce

25、n-tile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C (23F)but less than +5C (41F). Class 3 encompasses geographicalareas with 6-h tenth percentile minimum ambient temperatureless than or equal to 5C (23F).4.1.2 The hydrocarbons blended with the denatured fuelethanol shall have a maximum boiling poi

26、nt of 225C (437F)by Test Method D86, oxidation stability of 240-min minimumby Test Method D 525, and No. 1 maximum copper stripcorrosion by Test Method D 130. The hydrocarbons maycontain aliphatic ethers as blending components as are custom-arily used for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.4.1.3

27、The denaturant for the denatured fuel ethanol used inmaking fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall meet the requirementsof Specification D 4806 (see Section 6).4.1.4 Fuel ethanol (Ed75Ed85) of any volatility class shallmeet the same limits for lead and phosphorus as required byU.S. Environmental Protection

28、Agency (EPA) regulations forunleaded gasoline.4.1.4.1 The intentional addition of lead or phophorus com-pounds to fuel ethanol (Ed75Ed85) is not permitted. EPAregulations limit their maximum concentrations in unleadedgasoline to 0.05 g lead/US gal (0.013 g/L) and 0.005 gphosphorus/US gal (0.0013 g/L

29、), respectively. Details of theEPA regulations and test methods are available in 40 CFR Part80, Part 80 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations.4.1.5 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduceinsoluble aluminum compounds into t

30、he fuel, causing pluggedvehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggerated3Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)Properties Class 1AC

31、lass 2 Class 3Ethanol + higher alcohols, min,volume %79 74 70Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether,volume %1721 1726 1730Vapor pressure, kPa 3859 4865 6683(psi) (5.58.5) (7.09.5) (9.512.0)Sulfur, max, mg/kg 80B80B80BAll ClassesMethanol, volume %, max 0.5Higher alcohols (C3C8), max,volume %2Acidity, (as acetic

32、 acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L), max0.005 (40)Solvent-washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5pHe6.5to9.0Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1Copper, max, mg/L 0.07Water, max, mass % 1.0Appearance This product shall be visibly free ofsuspended or precipitated contaminants(clea

33、r and bright). This shall bedetermined at ambient temperature or21C (70F), whichever is higher.ASee 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.BQualified small refineries have varying maximum sulfur limits for gasoline up to0.0450 mass%, which are based on their 19971998 sulfur level baseline. Ifgasoline f

34、rom qualified refineries is used to blend Ed75Ed85, the maximum sulfurlevel shall be for Class 1: 92 mg/kg; for Class 2: 113 mg/kg; and for Class 3: 130mg/kg.D 5798 09a2TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)NOTE 1This schedule, subject to agreement b

35、etween the purchaser and the seller, denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and placeof bulk delivery to fuel-dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.NOTE 2Where alternative classes are listed, either class is acceptable; the option shall b

36、e exercised by the seller.State Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAlabama 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2AlaskaSouthern Region 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3South Mainland 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3 3ArizonaN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 34 Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1

37、 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3CaliforniaANorth Coast 2 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Interior 2 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2ColoradoE of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3W of 105 Longitu

38、de 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3FloridaN of 29 Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2S29Latiude /111 11111/Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3Hawaii 1 1 1 1 1 1

39、111111Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3IllinoisN of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3

40、Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2Maine 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Maryland 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3MichiganLower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Upper Michigan 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Minnesota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3

41、Mississippi 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Montana 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3NevadaN of 38 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 38 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/

42、3 3 3New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New MexicoN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 34 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3New YorkN of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3

43、3 3North Dakota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3OregonE of 122 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3W of 122 Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3PennsylvaniaN of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 41 Lat

44、itude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3TexasD 5798 09a3even with protected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivitycaused by contact

45、with nitrile rubber dispensing hose. There-fore, unprotected aluminum and unlined nitrile rubber dispens-ing hose should be avoided in fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) fueldistribution and dispensing systems.45. Workmanship5.1 Fuel ethanol (Ed75Ed85) shall be visually free ofsediment and suspended matter. I

46、t shall be clear and bright atthe ambient temperature or 21C (70F), whichever is higher.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for fuelethanol (Ed75Ed85). The product shall be free of any adul-terant or contaminant that can render the material unacceptablefor its commonly used application

47、s.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling to better understand the importanceand effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling proced

48、ures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D 4057 for manual methodsampling and in Practice D 4177 for automatic sampling, asapplicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decis

49、ions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D 4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD 5854 for procedures on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, fuel ethanol(Ed75Ed85) should be sampled in glass containers. If samplesmust be collected in metal containers, do not use solderedmetal containers. This is because the soldering flux in thecontainers and the lead in the solder can contaminate thesample. Plastic containers