1、Designation: D5801 12D5801 17Standard Test Method forToughness and Tenacity of BituminousAsphalt Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5801; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for measuring the toughness and tenacity of bituminousasphalt materials.Typically,
3、 the test method has been used to characterize elastomer modified asphalts, although values for toughness and tenacitymay be obtained for any type of polymer-modified or non-modified asphalt.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4、 mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionSample mass is given only in SI units. Sample mass as given in SI units should be regarded as standard. Noother units of sample mass are included in this standard.1.3 WarningMer
5、cury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agenciesas a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardousto health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when hand
6、ling mercury and mercury containing products. See theapplicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm - foradditional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing mercury-containing products intoinyour
7、state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address
8、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance wi
9、th internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
10、2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD1754 Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)D2872 Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen
11、cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance ThermometersE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Ther
12、mometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on RheologicalTests.Current edition approved Dec.
13、1, 2012June 1, 2017. Published May 2013June 2017. Originally approved as Proposal P 243 in 1994. Last previous edition approved in20062012 as D5801 95 (2006)D5801 12.1. DOI: 10.1520/D5801-12.10.1520/D5801-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer
14、 Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the pr
15、evious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM
16、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Summary of Test Method3.1 A tension head of specified size and shape is pulled from an asphalt sample at a rate of 20 in./min (508 mm/min). Acontinuous record of the force versus elongation force-ve
17、rsus-elongation curve is made and used to calculate the toughness andthe tenacity of the sample. The test is run at room temperature 77 6 5F5 F (25 6 3C),3 C), after the sample has been subjectedto a specified temperature history.3.2 Toughness is defined in this procedure as the total work required
18、to completely separate the tension head from the sampleunder the specified test conditions. Tenacity is a measure of the increasing force as the sample is stretched past the initial peak,and may indicate the type and amount of polymer used to modify the asphalt. It is defined as the work required to
19、 stretch thematerial after the initial resistance is overcome.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in confirming that an asphalt cement has been modified with a material that provides a significantelastomeric component. Elastomer modified Elastomer-modified asphalts can be character
20、ized by their ability to be stretched toa large elongation while at the same time resisting further stretching. Toughness and tenacity are two parameters for measuringthis ability.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing t
21、he procedure and thecapability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capableof competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specific
22、ation D3666 alone doesnot completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Specification D3666 and or some similaracceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Sample ContainerA metal
23、, cylindrical, flat bottom flat-bottom container with a nominal inside diameter of 218 in. (54.0mm) and a nominal depth of 138 in. (34.9 mm) shall be used to hold the sample. Containers known as tin boxes or seamlessointment boxes with a 3-oz capacity meet these requirements.5.2 Tension HeadThe tens
24、ion head shall consist of a polished metal, hemispherical head with a 716 in. (11.1 mm ) mm) radius,which is integrally connected to a 14 in. (6.4 mm) diameter stem approximately 1516 in. (33.3 mm) long. The stem shall be threadedand fitted with a knurled lowering screw to allow for accurate adjustm
25、ent of the tension head height in the sample container. Thestem of the tension head shall be fitted with a small pin to prevent twisting of the head while adjusting the height. Dimensions ofthe tension head are shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 2Brass and stainless steel are acceptable metals for constructing te
26、nsion heads. Aluminum scratches easily and steel rusts, so these metalsshould not be used.5.3 SpiderThe support for the tension head shall consist of a cylindrical center section through which the stem of the tensionhead may freely move parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The inner wall of the cyl
27、inder shall be grooved to receive the pin mountedon the stem of the tension head. The spider cylinder shall be fitted with three arms, equally spaced at 120 degrees, 120, extendingfrom the center and notched to receive the lip of the sample container, thereby centering the spider and tension head in
28、 the samplecontainer. Details of the spider construction are shown in Fig. 2.5.4 Testing MachineAny tensile tester capable of pulling the tension head at a uniform rate of 20 in./min (508 mm/min), andrecording the force versus elongation force-versus-elongation curve, may be used. The accuracy of th
29、e pull rate shall be 62 % orbetter. The maximum load capacity shall be at least 100 lb (45.4 kg). If polymer modified polymer-modified asphalts are to betested after conditioning in the thin film oven per Test Method D1754 or the rolling thin film oven per Test Method D2872, higherload capacities ar
30、e needed.Amaximum load capacity of 200 lb (90.7 kg) is suggested for age conditioned age-conditioned asphaltbinder.5.4.1 The tensile tester must be equipped to hold the sample container firmly in place while the tension head is pulled away.The details of this sample holder will vary with the type of
31、 tester used. The tester must have a minimum effective pull length of24 in. (609.6 mm) after installing the sample holder.5.5 Water BathA bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 77 6 0.2F0.2 F (25 6 0.1C)0.1 C) is required. The bathshall have a perforated shelf supported in a position not less
32、than 2 in. 2 in. (50.8 mm) from the bottom and not less than 4 in.(101.6 mm) (101.6 mm) below the liquid level.5.6 OvenAn oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 325 6 10F10 F (162.8 6 5.6C)5.6 C) shall be used to heat thesamples.5.7 ThermometerA thermometer for monitoring the temperature of th
33、e water bath. The thermometer shall be one of thefollowing:5.7.1 A liquid-in-glass thermometer of suitable range with subdivisions and maximum scale error of 0.2F (0.1C)0.2 F(0.1 C) which conforms to the requirements of Specification E1. The thermometer shall be standardized in accordance with oneof
34、 the methods in Test Method E77.D5801 1725.7.2 A liquid-in-glass thermometer of suitable range with subdivisions and maximum scale error of 0.2F (0.1C)0.2 F(0.1 C) which conforms to the requirements of Specification E2251. The thermometer shall be standardized in accordance withone of the methods in
35、 Specification Test Method E77.5.7.3 A platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with a probe which conforms to the requirements of SpecificationE1137/E1137M. The PRT shall have a 3- or 4-wire configuration and the overall sheath length shall be at least 2 in. (50.8 mm)greater than the immersion depth.
36、The PRT system (probe and readout) shall be standardized in accordance with Test MethodsE644. Corrections shall be applied to ensure measurements within 0.2F (0.1C).0.2 F (0.1 C).5.7.4 A metal-sheathed thermistor with a sensor substantially similar in construction to the PRT probe described in 5.7.3
37、. Thethermistor system (sensor and readout) shall be standardized in accordance with Test Methods E644. Corrections shall be appliedto ensure measurements within 0.2F (0.1C).0.2 F (0.1 C).NOTE 3In those cases where the samples are conditioned in the standard penetration bath, the thermometer as pres
38、cribed for Test Method D5 maybe used.6. Sample Preparation6.1 Bring the sample to a temperature where it is sufficiently fluid to pour, as described in the following paragraphs.6.1.1 If the sample is at room temperature, place the sample in a loosely covered container in an oven at 325F (162.8C) 325
39、6 10 F (162.8 6 5.6 C) until the sample is at a uniform temperature and sufficiently fluid to pour. Take care to prevent localoverheating of the sample.6.1.2 If the sample is a residual product from an emulsion distillation test and is already hot, carefully stir the contents in thestill and immedia
40、tely pour into containers, as described in the following paragraphs.6.2 Carefully stir the sample, without incorporating any air bubbles, until the sample is homogenous.FIG. 1 Tension Head and Lowering ScrewD5801 1736.3 Pour 36 6 0.5 g of sample into each of three sample containers.NOTE 4If any air
41、bubbles are present on the surface of the asphalt, they may be removed by brushing with a soft flame from a butane lighter fora few seconds.6.4 Immediately place a tension head, mounted in a centering spider, into each sample container. Lower the tension head, bymeans of the knurled leveling screw,
42、until the head is immersed to the point where the asphalt level is approximately 132 in. (1mm) below the diameter of the tension head.6.4.1 It is important to completely clean the tension heads before they are reused. This promotes proper adhesion of the sampleto the head. A final wipe with a soft c
43、loth moistened with an appropriate residue-free solvent such as acetone is necessary.6.5 Place the sample containers, with the tension heads and spiders in place, in the 325F (162.8C) 325 6 10 F (162.8 65.6 C) oven for a period of 15 min.6.6 Remove the sample containers and lower the tension heads u
44、ntil the asphalt is level with the diameter of the tension heads.Allow the samples to cool at room temperature for 75 6 5 min.6.7 Place the sample containers in a water bath maintained at 77 6 0.2 F (25 6 0.1C)0.1 C) for 75 6 5 min. During thistime, prepare the test machine for testing.7. Procedure7
45、.1 Prepare the testing machine to operate at a pull rate of 20 in./min (508 mm/min). Zero the chart pen and make any otherpreparations necessary.7.2 Remove the sample container from the water bath and immediately place in the testing machine. It may be necessary toremove the centering spider before
46、placing the sample in the machine. The temperature of the room in which testing takes placemust be 77 6 5F5 F (25 6 3C).3 C).7.3 Pull the tension head from the sample at a rate of 2020 in. in./min min (508 mm/min) and record the force versus elongationforce-versus-elongation curve. Continue pulling
47、until the asphalt column breaks, the force returns to zero, or the extension limitof the machine is reached.FIG. 2 Spider AssemblyD5801 174NOTE 5The time between removing the samples from the water bath and starting to pull the tension heads should not exceed 3 min. It may be helpfulto leave the top
48、 of the sample container filled with water when removing from the bath. This will help maintain the proper temperature by preventingsurface cooling.8. Calculation8.1 ToughnessThe toughness of the sample is defined as the work required to separate the tension head from the sample underthe specified t
49、est conditions. It is calculated as the total area (in inch-pounds) under the force versus elongation force-versus-elongation curve.8.2 TenacityThe tenacity of the sample is defined as the work required to stretch the sample after the initial resistance has beenovercome. It is calculated by extending a tangent line from the force versus elongation force-versus-elongation curve as the forcedecreases from the maximum value until the tangent line intersects the zero force axis. The area under the curve to
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