1、Designation: D5828 97 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forCompatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) andEngine Coolant Concentrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections to Section 7 were made in June 2011.INTRODUCTIONSupplemental cool
3、ant additives (SCAs) are used to impart special properties, usually resistance tocavitation corrosion, to engine coolants used in diesel engines with replaceable cylinder liner sleeves.Engines with this design require additives that are not normally found in commercial engine coolantconcentrates.1.
4、Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the compat-ibility of commercial SCA and commercial ethylene andpropylene glycol engine coolant concentrates. This test methodfocuses on the solubility of specific chemical species formed inthe engine coolant. The short duration of the test (24 h), a
5、mongother restrictions, makes the test method of limited use forsorting out a variety of chemical compatibility problems inwhich a component of the SCA may react with a component ofthe coolant additive package. The test as currently written alsodoes not deal with the issue of hard water compatibilit
6、y, inwhich a component of the coolant or SCA additive packagereacts with the hardness (Ca and Mg) to form a precipitate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of th
7、esafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conductin
8、g an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D3585 Specification forASTM Reference Fluid for CoolantTests3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of T
9、erms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 engine coolant concentratean undiluted ethylene orpropylene glycol containing additives and only a small amountof water, usually less than 5 %.3.1.2 reference engine coolant concentratea standard ma-terial prepared according to the formulary given in Annex A2of t
10、his test method. This material should not be confused withreference coolant in accordance with Specification D3585.3.1.3 reference supplemental coolant additive (SCA)astandard SCA prepared according to the formulary given inAnnex A1 of this test method.3.1.4 supplemental coolant additivea liquid or
11、solid ma-terial that is added to a coolant at a specified concentration.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A mixture of engine coolant concentrate and deionizedwater containing approximately twice the recommended con-centration of SCA is heated to 88C (190F) for 24 h. Thesolution is centrifuged after retu
12、rning to ambient temperature,and the amount of insoluble material is determined volumetri-cally and compared to the amount of insolubles obtained witha mixture of standard reference SCA and reference enginecoolant.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants an
13、d is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.11 on Heavy DutyCoolants.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally publishedas D5828 95. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5828 - 97 (2002). DOI:10.1520/D5828-97R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
14、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
15、 States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test was developed to mimic the formation ofinsolubles observed in some heavy-duty diesel cooling systemsduring the mid 1980s. It measures the compatibility of SCAand coolant concentrate solutions according to their tendencyto form insolubles in service.3Such
16、insoluble materials mayaccumulate within a cooling system, restrict heat transferthrough radiator cores, and contribute to the damage ofcomponents such as water pumps.6. Apparatus6.1 Two-pan General Laboratory Balance, 1 to 2-kg capac-ity.6.2 Centrifuge Tube, 100-mL capacity in accordance withTest M
17、ethod D1796.6.3 Centrifuge, capable of maintaining 500 rcf, with trun-nions and specimen holders suitable for the tube described in6.2.6.4 Constant Temperature Oil Bath, or equivalent, capableof maintaining the test temperature at 88C (190F), within61C (2F).6.5 Condenser Tube, glass, approximately 5
18、-mm outsidediameter by 3-mm inside diameter by 300-mm long.6.6 Rubber Stoppers, to fit the centrifuge tube with a singlehole for the glass condenser tube.6.7 Rubber Stoppers, as above but without a hole.6.8 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL capacity to deliver.6.9 Pipette, to deliver volumes from 1 to 10 m
19、L in 1-mLincrements.6.10 Analytical Balance, for preparing reference materialsand capable of weighing within an accuracy of 60.2 mg orbetter.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsRegent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents co
20、nform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.4Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe
21、determination.7.2 Coolant Concentrate, and SCA for evaluation.7.3 Reference SCA, and coolant concentrate solutions (seeAnnex A1 and Annex A2).7.4 Deionized Water, in accordance with SpecificationD1193.7.5 Nichrome Wire, or stainless steel wire.7.6 Filter Paper, Whatman No. 4 or equivalent.7.7 Plasti
22、c Containers, to store solutions. Polyethylene orpolypropylene containers with screw caps are satisfactory.7.8 Acetone. WARNING: Acetone is flammable.7.9 Isopropyl Alcohol.8. Procedure8.1 Compatibility testing of SCA shall be conducted using aratio of 60 parts of coolant concentrate to 40 parts of a
23、water-SCA mixture. The level of SCA in the total 60:40mixture will be approximately twice the SCA manufacturersrecommended concentration.8.2 Fill a 100-mL centrifuge tube to the 60-mL mark withcoolant concentrate.8.3 Determine the volume of water to be added based on thephysical state and the recomm
24、ended concentration of SCA tobe evaluated. Add this volume of water to the centrifuge tubeusing a graduated cylinder. For example, if the SCA is a liquidto be added at the recommended concentration of 3 % byvolume, twice the recommended concentration is 6 % or 6 mL.The volume of water to be added is
25、 34 mL. This is 100 mL(volume of the centrifuge tube) less 60 mL (volume of coolantconcentrate required) less 6 mL (volume of SCA required).NOTE 1Using hard water will greatly influence the amount ofsolubles formed. Testing the purity of the water with a conductivity meteris recommended.NOTE 2If the
26、 SCA is a solid, prepare a sufficient volume of aconcentrated solution of the SCA in deionized water.8.4 Pipette the required volume of SCA into the mixture ofcoolant concentrate and water. The sequence of mixing must beas follows: coolant concentrate, water, SCA solution. Cap witha solid rubber sto
27、pper and agitate thoroughly.NOTE 3Glycol and water mixtures exhibit a volume contraction dueto the partial molal volume effect. The final volume of the mixture shouldbe less than 100 mL, as indicated in Fig. 1.8.5 In a similar manner, add 60 mL of reference coolantconcentrate, 34 mL of deionized wat
28、er, and 6 mL of referenceSCA solution to a second 100-mL centrifuge tube, and agitatethoroughly. The reference coolant must be used within 30 daysof preparation. Discard and prepare a new reference if anyinsoluble material is observed.8.6 Replace the rubber stoppers with clean air condensersprepared
29、 by inserting a 300-mm (12-in.) length of glass tubingthrough a properly sized one-hole stopper.8.7 Insert a length of dry Nichrome or stainless steel wireinto the condenser past the bottom of the condenser tube.Immerse the centrifuge tube to the level of the solution in aconstant temperature bath a
30、t 88C (190F) for 24 h (see Fig. 1).NOTE 4The purpose of the wire is to provide a means of directingcondensate back to the centrifuge tube.8.8 At the end of the heating period, remove the centrifugetube and solution from the bath, and cool to room temperature(allow at least 1 h). Remove the air conde
31、nser stopper, andreplace with a solid rubber stopper. Using a two-pan balance,balance the centrifuge tube, stopper, and sample against acentrifuge tube (with stopper) containing any suitable liquid.NOTE 5The centrifuge tube may be balanced against another centri-fuge tube containing another sample.
32、A few drops of a solution of 60 %reagent grade ethylene glycol and 40 % deionized water may be added toone of the tubes to equalize the mass of the tubes.3Hercamp and Hudgens, “Silicate Gelation in Heavy-Duty Engine CoolingSystems,” Paper No. 852327, Society of Automotive Engineers, December 1985.4R
33、eagant Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
34、 andNational Formulary, U.S. PharmacopeialConvention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.D5828 97 (2011)128.9 Centrifuge for 30 min at 500 rcf. Calculate the speed ofthe centrifugal rotation in r/min as follows:r/min 5 299 =rcf/r (1)where:r = radius in centimetres of the circle of rotation de-scribed by the
35、 tips of the tubes when in a rotatingposition, andrcf = 500.The following may be used as a simple means of checkingthe calculation:Radius, cm (in.) r/min20.3 (8) 148025.4(10) 132536.5(12) 1210NOTE 6The following equation may be used when r is measured ininches:r/min 5 188 =rcf/r (2)NOTE 7When operat
36、ing a centrifuge, tubes must be balanced properlyand used in pairs to distribute the centrifugal forces evenly.8.10 At the end of the centrifuging, stop the centrifuge andimmediately read the volume of solids in the bottom of thetube, estimating to the nearest part of a millilitre as appropriate.8.1
37、1 Clean the centrifuge tubes using the following proce-dure:8.11.1 Shake the tubes to loosen the insoluble materials, anddiscard liquid and insolubles into a suitable container. Fill thetubes partially with tap water, and repeat as necessary.NOTE 8The insolubles may be loosened with the aid of an ul
38、trasoniccleaner.8.11.2 Rinse the inside of the tubes with 1:1 HCl solution,and discard washings.8.11.3 Clean the tubes with a solution of detergent andwater, brushing as needed.8.11.4 Rinse the tubes three times with warm tap water.8.11.5 Rinse once with acetone or isopropyl alcohol toremove water,
39、and air dry.9. Calculation and Interpretation of Results9.1 The tendency to form insolubles for the SCA-coolantconcentrate combination under evaluation is expressed inrelation to the tendency to form insolubles for the referenceSCA in a diluted reference coolant concentrate.9.2 Calculate the ratio o
40、f the volumes of insolubles formedas follows:ratio 5 A/B (3)where:A = volume of insolubles formed in the test solution, andB = volume of insolubles formed in the reference solution.10. Report10.1 Report the volume insolubles in millilitres for the testmixture, the volume insolubles in millilitres fo
41、r the referencemixture, and the ratio calculated in 9.2.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as deter-mined by an interlaboratory round robin5performed in accor-dance with Practice E691 has been determined to be dependentupon the test level and may be estimated as fo
42、llows:Repeatability (r) = 0.12341XReproducibility (R) = 0.31641Xwhere X = average of two results being compared.11.1.1 In the long run, the average of two results determinedon identical materials by the same operator following thisprocedure in the same laboratory using the same equipment onthe same
43、day will exceed the repeatability only once in twentytimes. Similarly, the average of two results determined by twodifferent laboratories on random samples of the same batch ofidentical materials will exceed the reproducibility only once intwenty times.11.2 Table 1 shows the range of ratios determin
44、ed in theround robin. The volume of insolubles measured on thereference materials was in the range from 0.30 to 0.80 mL.11.3 BiasNo information is available on the bias of theprocedure in this test method since the compatibility of allmaterials is determined in relation to a set of standard referenc
45、ematerials.5Supporting data have been filed atASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting RR:D 15-1019.NOTE 1(A) nichrome wire, (B) condenser tube, and (C) immersionlevel.FIG. 1 Apparatus AssemblyD5828 97 (2011)1312. Keywords12.1 engine coolants; supplemental coolant additives (SCA)ANNEXES(Ma
46、ndatory Information)A1. PREPARATION OF REFERENCE SCA MANDATORY INFORMATIONA1.1 ComponentsAll solid components shall be certifiedACS grade chemicals, except where otherwise listed in TableA1.1. They shall be used in the proportions listed in TableA1.1. Sodium hydroxide solution may be a certified hig
47、h-purity reagent or prepared from ACS grade chemical andSpecification D1193 Type IV water.A1.2 Blending Procedure:A1.2.1 Referring to Table A1.1, add Items 1, 2, and 3, mix,and heat to 66C (150F).A1.2.2 Discontinue heating when all of the sodium tetrabo-rate is dissolved (in approximately 10 to 20 m
48、in). Add Items 4and5(TableA1.1), and mix until all of the sodium metasilicateis dissolved.A1.2.3 Add Item 6, and mix 5 min or until dissolved.A1.2.4 Cool to ambient temperature, and filter using aWhatman No. 4 or other suitable filter medium. Store in asealed plastic container.A1.3 UsageThe recommen
49、ded concentration for usageof the reference SCA is 3 % by volume. The pH of a 3 %solution of reference SCA in deionized water should be 10.5 to11.0.A2. PREPARATION OF REFERENCE COOLANT CONCENTRATEA2.1 ComponentsAll components shall be used in theproportions listed in Table A2.1. All solid components shall bereagent grade chemicals, unless otherwise indicated in TableA2.1. The ethylene glycol shall be a technical or antifreezegrade material.A2.2 Blending Procedure:A2.2.1 Referring to Table A2.1, dissolve the sodium tetra-borate pentahydrate in the
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