1、Designation: D5842 04 (Reapproved 2009)Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 8.4Standard Practice forSampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5842; the number immediately following the designation i
2、ndicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures and equ
3、ipment forobtaining, mixing, and handling representative samples ofvolatile fuels for the purpose of testing for compliance with thestandards set forth for volatility related measurements appli-cable to light fuels. The applicable dry vapor pressure equiva-lent range of this practice is 13 to 105 kP
4、a (2 to 16 psia).1.2 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, andhandling of reformulated fuels including those containingoxygenates.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard except in some cases where drawings may showinch-pound measurements which are customary
5、 for that equip-ment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
6、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2(API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of
7、Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products2.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1Practice for Manual Sampling of Pe-troleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2Practice for Automatic Sampling ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3Practice f
8、or Mixing and Handling ofLiquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D5854)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bottom samplea sample obtained from the materialat the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its lowest point.3.1.1.1 DiscussionI
9、n practice the term bottom sample hasa variety of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that theexact sampling location (for example, 15 cm 6 in. from thebottom) should be specified when using this term.3.1.2 dead legssections of pipe that, by design, do notallow for the flow of material through
10、them.3.1.2.1 DiscussionDead legs are not suitable for obtainingrepresentative samples.3.1.3 relief linessections of pipe that lead to a pressure/vacuum relief valve.3.1.3.1 DiscussionRelief lines are not suitable for obtain-ing representative samples.3.1.4 stand pipesvertical sections of pipe or tub
11、ing ex-tending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanksthat are equipped with external or internal floating roofs. Standpipes also may be found on ships and barges.3.1.4.1 DiscussionStand pipes which are not slotted orperforated will not yield representative samples. Further infor-mation
12、 on proper stand pipe design is given in 6.4.3.3.1.5 Other sample definitions are given in Practice D4057/API MPMS Chapter 8.1.4. Summary of Practice4.1 It is necessary that the samples be representative of thefuel in question. The basic principle of each sampling proce-dure involves obtaining a sam
13、ple in such a manner and fromsuch locations in the tank or other container that the samplewill be representative of the fuel. A summary of the samplingprocedures and their application is presented in Table 1. Each1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and
14、 Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02.0B the joint ASTM-API Com-mittee on Sampling, Sediment, Water.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved
15、in 2004 as D584204. DOI:10.1520/D5842-04R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from A
16、merican Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.procedure is suitable for sampling a material under definitestorage, transportation, or
17、 container conditions. The precau-tions required to ensure the representative character of thesamples are numerous and depend upon the tank, carrier,container, or line from which the sample is being obtained, thetype and cleanliness of the sample container, and the samplingprocedure that is to be us
18、ed.5. Significance and Use5.1 The dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of volatilemotor fuels is regulated by federal and state air pollutioncontrol agencies. In order to meet the letter of these regula-tions, it is necessary to sample, handle, and test these productsin a very precise manner.6. Gene
19、ral Comments6.1 Sample Containers:6.1.1 Sample containers are clear or brown glass bottles,fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles, or metal cans.The clear glass bottle is advantageous because it is easilyexamined visually for cleanliness, and also makes visualinspection of the sample for free
20、 water or solid impuritiespossible. The brown glass bottle affords some protection fromlight. The only cans acceptable are those with the seamssoldered on the exterior surface.6.1.2 Cork stoppers, or screw caps of plastic or metal, areused for glass bottles; screw caps with inserted seals only areus
21、ed for cans to provide a vapor-tight closure seal. Corks mustbe of good quality, clean, and free from holes and loose bits ofcork. Never use rubber stoppers. Contact of the sample with thecork can be prevented by wrapping tin or aluminum foil aroundthe cork before forcing it into the bottle. Screw c
22、aps must beprotected by a cork disk faced with tin or aluminum foil, aninverted cone polyseal or other material that will not affectpetroleum or petroleum products. The fluorinated bottles aresupplied with polypropylene screw caps.6.1.3 Sample size is dictated by the test method to be used.One litre
23、 (32 oz) bottles or cans are generally used for manualvapor pressure testing. Some vapor pressure methods mayallow a smaller sample size to be taken, such as in a 125 mL(4 oz) bottle. See Fig. 1.6.1.4 All sample containers must be absolutely clean andfree of foreign matter. Before reusing a containe
24、r, wash it withstrong soap solution, rinse it thoroughly with tap water, andfinally with distilled water. Dry completely and stopper, or cap,the container immediately.6.2 Sampling ApparatusSampling apparatus is describedin detail under each of the specific sampling procedures. Clean,dry, and free al
25、l sampling apparatus from any substance thatmight contaminate the material. If necessary, use the cleanprocedure described in 6.4.TABLE 1 Summary of Gasoline Sampling Procedures andApplicabilityType of Container Procedure ParagraphStorage tanks, ship and bargetanks, tank cars, tank trucksall-levels
26、sampling 7.2.1.2running sample 7.2.1.2upper, middle and lowersamples7.2.1.2top sample 7.2.1.2grab sampling 7.5Storage tanks with taps tap sampling 7.2.2Pipes and lines line sampling 7.3automatic sampling 7.4time proportional 7.4.1flow proportional 7.4.2grab sampling 7.5Retail outlet and wholesalepur
27、chaser-consumer facilitystorage tanksnozzle sampling 7.6FIG. 1 Nozzle Extension for Nozzle Sampling with 4 oz BottleD5842 04 (2009)26.3 Time and Place of Sampling:6.3.1 Storage TanksWhen loading or discharging fuels,take samples from both shipping and receiving tanks, and fromthe pipelines if requir
28、ed.6.3.2 Ship or Barge TanksSample each product after thevessel is loaded or just before unloading.6.3.3 Tank CarsSample the product after the car is loadedor just before unloading.NOTE 1Time, place, and other details of sampling not covered in thispractice are normally determined by contractual agr
29、eement or regulatoryrequirements.6.4 Obtaining Samples:6.4.1 Directions for sampling cannot be made explicitenough to cover all cases. Extreme care and good judgment arenecessary to ensure samples that represent the general charac-ter and average condition of the material. Use lint-free wipingcloths
30、 to prevent contaminating samples.6.4.2 Many petroleum vapors are toxic and flammable.Avoid breathing them or igniting them from an open flame ora spark. Follow all safety precautions specific to the materialbeing sampled.6.4.3 Do not sample dead legs or relief lines. Do not samplestand pipes that a
31、re not slotted or perforated. Fig. 2 is anexample of an adequately slotted stand pipe.At a minimum, thestand pipe should have two rows of slots slightly staggered inthe vertical plane.6.4.4 Rinse or flush sample containers with product andallow it to drain before drawing the sample. If the sample is
32、 tobe transferred to another container (for testing other thanDVPE), the sampling apparatus also is rinsed with some of theproduct and drained. When the sample is emptied into thiscontainer, upend the sampling apparatus into the opening of thesample container.6.5 Handling Samples:6.5.1 Protect all s
33、amples of light fuels from evaporation.The sampling apparatus is the sample container for vaporpressure. Keep the container tightly closed after the sample iscollected. Leaking sample containers are not suitable fortesting. Cool volatile samples to 0 to 1C (32 to 34F) afterdelivery to the laboratory
34、 and before opening the container.Maintain at this temperature throughout transfer and handling,if at all possible.6.5.2 Never completely fill a sample container. Fill thecontainer to 70 to 80 % capacity to allow adequate room forexpansion. Subsequent testing for vapor pressure requires thislevel of
35、 container fill.6.5.3 The first sample aliquot removed is for vapor pressuretesting. The remaining sample in the container is not suitablefor a vapor pressure determination but is suitable for othertesting.6.6 Shipping SamplesTo prevent loss of liquid and vaporsduring shipment, place internal seals
36、in the metal containers,screw the caps down tightly and check for leakage. Observe allshipping regulations applying to the transportation of flam-mable liquids.6.7 Labeling Sample ContainersLabel the container im-mediately after a sample is obtained. Use waterproof andoilproof ink or a pencil hard e
37、nough to dent the tag, since softpencil and ordinary ink markings are subject to obliterationfrom moisture, product, smearing, and handling. Typical labelinformation includes the following information:6.7.1 Date and time (the period elapsed during continuoussampling),6.7.2 Name of the sample (locati
38、on),6.7.3 Name or number and owner of the vessel, car, orcontainer,6.7.4 Brand and grade of material; and6.7.5 Reference symbol or identification number.6.7.6 Labeling should conform to all applicable federal,state, and local labeling regulations.7. Specific Sampling Procedures7.1 Sampling Procedure
39、sThe standard sampling proce-dures described in this practice are summarized in Table 1.Alternative sampling procedures can be used if a mutuallysatisfactory agreement has been reached by the party(ies)involved and such agreement has been put in writing andsigned by authorized officials.7.2 Tank Sam
40、pling:7.2.1 Bottle SamplingThe bottle sampling procedure isapplicable for sampling fuels of 105 kPa (16 psia) Reidequivalent vapor pressure or less in tank cars, tank trucks,shore tanks, ship tanks, and barge tanks.FIG. 2 Slotted Stand PipeD5842 04 (2009)37.2.1.1 ApparatusA suitable sampling bottle
41、as shown inFig. 3 is required. Recommended diameter of the opening inthe bottle or sample thief is 19 mm (34 in.).7.2.1.2 Procedure:(a) All-levels SampleLower the weighted, stopperedbottle (see Fig. 3) as near as possible to the draw-off level, pullout the stopper with a sharp jerk of the cord or ch
42、ain and raisethe bottle at a rate so that it is 70 to 85 % full as it emerges fromthe liquid.(b) Running SampleLower the stoppered container (witha hole or slot in the stopper) at a uniform rate as near aspossible to the level of the bottom of the outlet connection orswing line and immediately raise
43、 the bottle to the top of thefuel at a rate of speed such that it is 70 to 85 % full whenwithdrawn from the liquid.NOTE 2Running or all-level samples are not necessarily representa-tive because the tank volume may not be proportional to the depth andbecause the operator may not be able to raise the
44、sampler at the requiredrate.(c) Upper, Middle, and Lower SamplesLower theweighted, stoppered bottle to the proper depths (Fig. 4)asfollows:upper sample middle of upper third of the tank contentsmiddle sample middle of the tank contentslower sample middle of the lower third of the tank contentsAt the
45、 selected level, pull out the stopper with a sharp jerk ofthe cord or chain and allow the bottle to fill completely, asevidenced by the cessation of air bubbles. When full, raise thebottle, pour off a small amount (15 to 30 %), and stopperimmediately.(d) Top SampleObtain this sample (Fig. 4) in the
46、samemanner as specified for an upper sample but at 150 mm (6 in.)below the top surface of the tank contents.(e) HandlingCap and label bottle samples immediatelyafter taking them, and deliver to the laboratory in the originalsampling bottles. Multiple samples must be tested individuallyfor vapor pres
47、sure. A composite sample is acceptable for otheranalytical tests. Inverting the sample container can aid in leakdetection. The sample may be placed in ice immediately forcooling, if practical.7.2.2 Tap SamplingThe tap sampling procedure is appli-cable for sampling liquids of 105 kPa (16 psia) DVPE,
48、or less,in tanks that are equipped with suitable sampling taps or lines.This procedure is recommended for volatile stocks in tanks ofthe breather and balloon roof type, spheroids, floating rooftanks, and so forth. The assembly for tap sampling is shown inFig. 5.7.2.2.1 Apparatus:(a) Tank TapsEquip t
49、he tank with at least three samplingtaps placed equidistant throughout the tank height. A standard14 in. pipe with a suitable valve is satisfactory. A sufficientnumber of sample taps are needed on the tank to makesampling possible at various levels.(b) TubeUse a delivery tube that will not contaminate theproduct being sampled and is long enough to reach to thebottom of the sample container to allow submerged filling.(c) Tube Chiller Assembly (Optional)If a samplingchiller is used, it is a coil of tubing immersed in an ice bath tochill a fuel sa
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