1、Designation: D 5848 05Standard Test Method forMass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass perunit area of machine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarnfloor covering both b
3、efore and after an adhesive-back coatingapplication.1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques fordetermination of mass per unit area as applicable:1.2.1 Section 1.3, for determining total mass per unit area,applies to both coated and uncoated (unfinished) pile floorcoverings.1.2.2 Section 1.
4、4, for determining component mass per unitarea, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floorcoverings, and1.2.3 Section 1.5, for determining pile yarn mass per unitarea, applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floorcoverings.1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn f
5、loorcoverings was previously contained within Test MethodsD 418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D 13.21 subdi-vided Test Methods D 418 into separate standards, of whichthis test method is one.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard for all measurements. The inch-pound uni
6、ts given inparentheses are provided for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
7、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 9.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile MaterialsD 418 Methods of Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering Con-structionD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1909 Table o
8、f Commercial Moisture Regains for TextileFibersD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality for a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D 56
9、84.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backcoating, backing, backing fabric, binding sites, buried pileyarn, carpet, components, extractable matter, finished, finishedpile yarn floor covering, floor covering, multilevel pile, pile,pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass, pitch,
10、 primary back-ing, secondary backing, stubble, textile floor covering, totalmass, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Significance and Use4.1 The determination of the mass per unit area of pile yarnfloor covering is useful in quality and cost
11、 control during themanufacture of pile floor covering. Both appearance andperformance may be affected by changes in mass per unit area.4.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using this test method for acceptance testingof commercial shipments, the purchaser an
12、d supplier shouldconduct comparison testing to determine if there is a statisticalbias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum the two parties should take a group of test specimensthat are as homogeneous as possible and
13、that are from a lot ofmaterial of the type in question. The test specimens should thenbe randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. Theaverage results from the two laboratories should be comparedusing Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptableprobability level chosen by the two parti
14、es prior to testing. If abias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected orthe purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration to the known bias.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibil
15、ity of Subcommittee D 13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5848 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
16、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Test Specimen5.1 Sampling Units:5.1.1 Uncoated Fl
17、oor CoveringThe basic sampling unitof uncoated floor covering is a production roll.5.1.2 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.5.2 Lot SampleTake a lot sample
18、as directed in PracticeE 122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability andtest method precision is available, and a decision has beenmade on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated betweenthe estimate to be made from the sample and the result thatwould be obtained by measuring every
19、sampling unit of the lot.Otherwise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and theuse of the test results obtained from the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.5.3
20、 Test Sample A test sample shall consist of a full widthsection of floor covering cut from one end of each roll in the lotsample and shall be at least 100 mm (4 in.) longer than thespecimens required for the tests being conducted. Do not cut atest sample of coated floor covering from a seam end of a
21、production roll.5.4 Test Specimens:5.4.1 A test specimen is a designated area of a test samplecut from the test sample. For test samples 3000 mm (120 in.)wide or wider, three test specimens are required for a testmethod, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of thetotal floor covering widt
22、h and one in the middle portion of thetest sample. For test samples at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide butless than 3000 mm, take two test specimens, one at each edgeno nearer to the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width.For test samples less than 1500 mm wide, take one specimenfrom the middle
23、.5.4.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) ormore in width, as with a modular pattern device havingseparate controls or adjustments for each module, take testspecimens from the middle of each band.5.4.3 When a full-width t
24、est sample is not available, takespecimens as directed in 5.4, and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.5.5 Atest result is the average of the measurements made ona set of test specimens as described in 5.4. In these methods,directions are given only for obta
25、ining a test result from onetest sample. The value representative of the lot being sampledwill be the average of the test results for all the test samples inthe lot sample.6. Conditioning6.1 When required, condition the specimens or the testsample in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, tha
26、t is21 6 1C (70 6 2F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, for 12 hor until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h.6.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of over 5 %, the specimen shall be conditioned beforemeasuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers areliste
27、d in Table 1 in D 1909.7. Total Mass Per Unit Area7.1 ScopeThis test method applies to both uncoated andcoated floor covering.7.2 Summary of Test MethodTest specimens are cut froma conditioned test sample and then measured, or are cut froman unconditioned test sample and then conditioned beforemeasu
28、ring, so that the area of each test specimen is measuredafter conditioning. Each conditioned test specimen is weighedand the mass per unit area is calculated.7.3 Apparatus:7.3.1 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh tothe nearest 0.1 % of the test specimen mass or to the nearest0.01 g,
29、 whichever is larger.NOTE 1Weighing to the nearest 0.1 % means weighing to the nearest0.01 g for test specimens weighing 10 to 100 g, to the nearest 0.1 g for 100to 1000 g, and to the nearest 1 g for more than 1000 g. A 100-g, 254 by254-mm (10.0 by 10.0-in.) test specimen has a mass per unit area of
30、 1550g/m2(457 oz/yd2) while a 1000-g, 457 by 457-mm (18.0 by 18.0-in.) testspecimen has a mass per unit area of 4784 g/m2(141.1 oz/yd2).7.3.2 Device for Cutting and Measuring Test Specimens, asdirected for the procedure selected in Annex A1.7.4 Conditioning Condition the test specimens as directedin
31、 Section 1.2.3 before measuring and weighing. ForAnnexA1Procedures 2 and 3, condition the test sample before cutting thetest specimens.7.5 Sample and Test SpecimensTake the test sample andthe test specimens as directed in Section 1.2.2.7.5.1 For level pile floor covering, the test specimens shallbe
32、at least 250 by 250 6 5 mm (10.0 by 10.0 6 0.2 in.).7.5.2 For multilevel pile floor covering the test specimensshall comprise a full pattern repeat or a whole number multipleof a full pattern repeat in each direction, but no less than asdirected in 7.5.1. If the pattern repeat is not known and canno
33、tbe determined readily, use 460 by 460 6 5 mm (18.0 by18.0 6 0.2 in.) for the test specimen dimensions.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 Preparation of SpecimensFollow the selected pro-cedure of Annex A1.7.6.2 Test Specimen MassWeigh each test specimen to thenearest 0.1 % (or less) of the test specimen mass, M (N
34、ote 1).7.7 Calculation:7.7.1 Test Specimen Total Mass Per Unit AreaCalculatethe total mass per unit area for each test specimen to the nearest0.3 g/m2(0.01 oz/yd2) using Eq 1.W 5 M 3 K/B 3 L! (1)where:W = total mass per unit area of the test specimen, g/m2(oz/yd2),M = mass of the test specimen, g (o
35、z),K = appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,B = average width of the test specimen to the nearest 0.3mm (0.01 in.), andL = average length of the test specimen to the nearest 0.3mm (0.01 in.).D 5848 052NOTE 2When the template or clicking die procedure of Annex A1 isused, a standard area value for
36、 B 3 L may be used in place of values ofB and L determined by direct measurement of the specimens. Round thisstandard area value to the nearest 65 mm2(0.1 in.2).7.7.2 Calculate the average total mass per unit area for alltest specimens of the test sample to the nearest 3 g/m2(0.1oz/yd2).7.8 Report:7
37、.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D 5848 for determining total mass per unit area.Describe the material or product sampled and the method ofsampling used.7.8.2 Report the average total mass per unit area for eachtest sample.7.9 Precision and Bias:7.9.1 PrecisionThe prec
38、ision of the procedure in TestMethod D 5848 for determining total mass per unit area isbeing established.7.9.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D 5848 fordetermining total mass per unit area has no known bias andmay be used as a referee method.8. Component Masses Per Unit Area8.1 ScopeThis test meth
39、od applies only to uncoated floorcovering.8.2 Summary of Test MethodThe test specimens used fordetermining the total mass per unit area as directed in Section1.3 are dissected into the component parts, separating the pileyarn from the backing fabric, and, if required, separating theyarns composing t
40、he backing fabric one from the other. Eachcomponent is weighed separately and the component mass perunit area calculated.8.3 ApparatusBalance, see 7.3.1.8.4 Condition the test specimens as directed in Section 1.2.3before measuring.8.5 Test Specimens Use the test specimens prepared fordetermining tot
41、al mass per unit area as directed in Section 1.3or prepare test specimens as directed in 7.5 and 7.6.8.6 Procedure:8.6.1 Manually separate the pile yarn from the backingfabric in each test specimen.8.6.2 In the case of woven and knitted floor covering alsoseparate the backing yarns, if required.8.6.
42、3 Weigh each component to the nearest 0.1 % of thecomponent mass, M.8.7 Calculation:8.7.1 For each component calculate the component mass perunit area for each test specimen to the nearest 0.3 g/m2(0.01oz/yd2), using Eq 2.C 5 M 3 K/B 3 L! (2)where:C = component mass per unit area for the test specim
43、en,g/m2(oz/yd2),M = mass of the component removed from the test speci-men, g (oz),K = appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,B = average width of the test specimen, mm (in.), andL = average length of the test specimen, mm (in.).8.7.2 Calculate the average component mass per unit areafor each compo
44、nent to the nearest 3 g/m2(0.1 oz/yd2) for alltest specimens in the test sample.8.8 Report:8.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D 5848 for determining component masses per unitarea. Describe the material or product sampled and the methodof sampling used:8.8.2 Report the a
45、verage component mass per unit area foreach component for the test sample, using component names incommon usage.8.9 Precision and Bias:8.9.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in TestMethod D 5848 for determining component masses per unitarea is being established.8.9.2 BiasThe procedure in Test
46、 Method D 5848 fordetermining component masses per unit area has no knownbias and may be used as a referee method.9. Pile Yarn Mass Per Unit Area9.1 ScopeThis test method applies only to coated pileyarn floor coverings.9.2 Summary of Test MethodOne or two strip specimensare taken as directed in 9.7.
47、2 from each test specimen such thatthe combined mass per unit area of the strip specimen(s) iswithin 1 % of the mass per unit area of the test specimen. Thetotal mass of the selected strip specimens taken from all testspecimens of the test sample is designated M. Most of the pileis shear from the st
48、rip specimens and discarded, leavingstubble specimens whose total mass is designated S. The buriedpile yarn in the stubble specimens along with adhering coatingmaterial is manually removed from the backing fabric with theassistance of a solvent that dissolves or softens the coatingmaterial. Most of
49、the adhering coating material is removedfrom the fiber of this buried pile yarn by further soaking insolvent and by abrasion. The total mass of this partially cleanedfiber from all the strip specimens is designated C. The amountof residual coating material on this fiber is determined bydissolving the partially cleaned pile fibers, leaving a residue ofcoating material. The mass of the residue is designated R. Themass of the pile yarn in the strip specimens equals the masssheared from the strip specimens, (M S), plus the mass of thepile yarn buried in the
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