ASTM D5857-2008 752 Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISO Protocol and Methodology.pdf

1、Designation: D 5857 08Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISOProtocol and Methodology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polypropylene utilizingspe

3、cimen preparation procedures and test method based on ISO standards.This specification is not intended for the determination of the suitability of performance of materialsin the final application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in theplastics field in which th

4、e environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts,part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofpolypropylene homopolymers,

5、polypropylene copolymers, andpolypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or withoutthe addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber,polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth), colo-rants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows fo

6、r the use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that the following conditions are met:1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification andother ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials aremet, and1.2.2 The material has not bee

7、n modified in any way to alterits conformance to food contact regulations or similar require-ments.1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrindmaterial used, as well as the nature and the amount of anycontaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specifica-tion. It is the respons

8、ibility of the supplier and buyer ofrecycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-pliance.1.4 The properties included in this classification system arethose required to identify the compositions covered. There maybe other requirements necessary to identify particular charac-teristics

9、important to specialized applications. These may bespecified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5 and thosein Classification System D 4000.1.5 This classification system and specification are intendedto provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials usedin the fabrication of end items

10、 or parts. It is not intended for theselection of materials. Material selection should be made bythose having expertise in the plastic field after careful consid-eration of the design and the performance required of the part,the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabricationprocess to be e

11、mployed, the costs involved, and the inherentproperties of the material other than those covered by thisspecification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification

12、: Thisspecification does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this specification to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This

13、 specification is similar to both ISO 1873-1 andISO 1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resemblesISO 1873-1 in title only. The content is significantly different. Thisspecification and ISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtainedusing either are technically equivalent.1Thi

14、s specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 5857 - 0

15、7.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883 Terminology Rela

16、ting to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 1999 Guide for Selection of Specimens and Test Param-eters from ISO/IEC Standards3D 3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of

17、 PlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsD 5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relat-ing to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 62 Plasti

18、csDetermination of Water AbsorptionISO 75-1 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 1: General Test MethodISO 75-2 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and EboniteISO 105 TextilesTests for Color FastnessISO 178 PlasticsDetermin

19、ation of Flexural Properties ofRigid PlasticsISO 179 PlasticsDetermination of Charpy ImpactStrength of Rigid MaterialsISO 180 PlasticsDetermination of Izod Impact Strengthof Rigid MaterialsISO 293 PlasticsCompression Moulding Test Specimensof Thermoplastic MaterialISO 294 PlasticsInjection Moulding

20、of Test Specimens ofThermoplastic MaterialISO 306 PlasticsThermoplastic MaterialsDetermination of Vicat Softening TemperatureISO 527-1 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 1: General PrinciplesISO 527-2 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 2: Test Conditions for Molding and E

21、xtrusion PlasticsISO 537 PlasticsTesting with Torsional PendulumISO 604 PlasticsDetermination of Compressive Proper-tiesISO 868 Plastics and EboniteDetermination of IndentionHardness by Mans of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)ISO 877 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to direct Weather-ing, to Weathering Using

22、 Glass-Filtered Daylight, and toIntensified Weathering by Daylight Using Fresnel MirrorsISO 899 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile CreepISO 974 PlasticsDetermination of the Brittleness Tem-perature by ImpactISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of Melt Flow Rate ofThermoplasticsISO 1183A PlasticsMethods for

23、Determining the Densityand Relative Density of Non-Cellular PlasticsISO 1191 PlasticsPolyethylene and Polypropylenes inDilute SolutionsDetermination of Viscosity Numberand of Limiting Viscosity NumberISO 1628-3 PlasticsDetermination of Viscosity Numberand Limiting Viscosity Number, Part 3: Polyethyl

24、ene andPolypropylene ResinsISO 1873-1 PlasticsPropylene and Propylene-CopolymerThermoplastics, Part 1: DesignationISO 1873-2 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of TestSpecimens and Determination of PropertiesISO 2039-1 PlasticsDetermination of Hard

25、ness, Part 1:Ball Indention MethodISO 2039-2 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 2:Rockwell HardnessISO 2818 PlasticsPreparation of Test Specimens by Ma-chiningISO 3167 PlasticsPreparation and Use of MultipurposeTest SpecimensISO 3451-1 PlasticsDetermination of Ash, Part 1: Gen-eral MethodsISO 3

26、795 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery forAgriculture and ForestryDetermination of Burning Be-havior of Interior MaterialsISO 4582 PlasticsDetermination of Changes in Colourand Variations in Properties after Exposure to DaylightUnder Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial LightISO 4589 Plast

27、icsDetermination of Flammability byOxygen IndexISO 4892-1 Methods of Exposure to Laboratory LightSources, Part 1: General GuidanceISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 2: Xenon Arc ExposureISO 4892-3 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lam

28、psISO 6427 PlasticsDetermination of Matter Extractable byOrganic Solvents (Conventional Methods)ISO 6602 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Creep byThree-Point LoadingISO 6603-1 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart MethodISO 6603-2 PlasticsDetermi

29、nation of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 2: Instrumented PunctureTestISO 8256 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Impact Prop-ertiesISO 9113 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer ThermoplasticsDetermination of IsotacticIndexISO 10350 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation

30、of Com-parable Single-Point DataISO 113573 PlasticsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Part 3: Determination of Temperature and En-thalpy of Melting and Crystallization2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An

31、nual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D5857082ISO 11403-1 PlasticsAcquisition and Present

32、ation ofComparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical Prop-ertiesISO 11403-2 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-point DataPart 3: EnvironmentalInfluences on Properties2.3 IEC Standards:4IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume andSurface Resistivities of Electrical Insula

33、tion MaterialsIEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation MaterialsUnder Moist ConditionsIEC 243-1 Recommended Methods of Test for ElectricStrength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequen-ciesIEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination

34、ofthe Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor ofElectrical Insulation Materials at Power,Audio, and RadioFrequencies Including Metre WavelengthsIEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulating Oilsfor Transformers and SwitchgearIEC 606951110 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 1110: TestFlames-50 W H

35、orizontal and Vertical Test Methods2.4 SAE Standards:5SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotiv

36、e InteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms

37、 and abbreviations ap-plying to this specification appear in Terminologies D 883 andD 1600 and Guide D 5033.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for t

38、he next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges, and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time during which the material isin the closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to

39、 complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which 80 % of the specimens exhibit ductile failure.3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturin

40、g such that the cracks do not radiatemore than 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw, causing the melted material tofill the mold.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe injection pressure along with theinjection speed deter

41、mines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection time, nthe time during which a constantspecified pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.9 injection velocity, nthe average velocity of the meltas it passes through the cross-sectional area of a cavity of asingle- or multi-cavity mold

42、 at the position that forms thecritical portion of the test specimen.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when themold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mol

43、d temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins (see also PP-H, PP-R, and PP-B).3.2.14 polypropylene hete

44、rophasic copolymers (PP-B)apropylene plastic consisting of two or more separate phases.These include PP+EPR, PP+EPDM, PP+IIR, PP+BR, and soforth.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThe phases consist of a polypropy-lene homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copoly-mer (PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olef

45、inic elastomerhaving no other functional group, added in situ or physicallyblended into the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propy-lene plastic containing anot

46、her olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene.3.2.16.1 DiscussionPolypropylene random copolymerscontaining more than one additional monomer are often calledterpolymers.4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials

47、 are classified intogroups in accordance with basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 2An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D 1600, 01 (group)

48、= homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.4.1.1 The values in Table PP are based on testing that wasconducted 40 to 96 h after molding. Testing was conducted ina standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5%relative humidity4.1.2 To facili

49、tate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table PP, the other/unspecified5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D5857083category (0) for group, class, and grade is indicated on the tablewith the basic properties to be obtained from Table B or TableH, as it applies.4.1.3 Specific requirements for unreinforced polypropylenehomopolymers not covered by Table PP shall be shown by asix-character designation.