1、Designation: D5889 11D5889/D5889M 16Standard Practice forQuality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5889;D5889/D5889M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing quality control of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), describing types of tests
3、, theproper test methods, and the minimum testing frequencies.1.2 This practice is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers and users of GCLs in establishing a minimum level ofeffort for manufacturing quality control.1.3 This practice does not address manufacturing quality assurance, pro
4、duct acceptance testing, or conformance testing. Theseare independent activities taken by organizations other than the GCL manufacturer.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The inch-pound unitsgiven in parentheses are for informa
5、tion only. values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any
6、, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Re
7、lative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4632D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of GeotextilesD
8、5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsD5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of GeotextilesD5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a FlexibleWall PermeameterD5890 Test Method for Swell Index
9、of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5891D5891/D5891M Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured GeomembranesD6243/
10、D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the DirectShear MethodD6496D6496/D6496M Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers ofNeedle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersD6693D6693/D6693M Test M
11、ethod for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and NonreinforcedFlexible Polypropylene GeomembranesD6768D6768/D6768M Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct
12、responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published October 2011August 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 asD5889 97 (2008).D5889-11. DOI: 10.1520/D5889-11.10.1520/D5889_D5889M-16.2
13、For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to p
14、rovide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof t
15、he standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Government Document:EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document Quality Assurance and Quality Control for
16、Waste Containment Facilities33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1.1 adhered geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), nGCL product in which the clay component is bonded to a film or membraneby adhesion.3.1.1.2 coated GCL, nGCL product with at least one layer of a synthetic substan
17、ce applied to the GCL as a fluid and allowedto solidify.3.1.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.1.4 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.3.1.1.5 laminated GCL, nGCL product with at least one film or memb
18、rane layer superimposed and bonded to the GCL by anadhesive usually under heat and pressure.3.1.1.6 multicomponent GCL, nGCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity orprotesting the clay core, or both.3.1.1.7 needle-punched GCL, nreinforced GCL manufactured
19、using needles that punch fibers from a nonwoven through thecover and carrier geotextile as well as the clay core to bond the components togeter to increase internal shear strength.3.1.1.8 reinforced GCL, nGCL that has a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3.1.1.9 stitch-bonded GCL
20、, nreinforced GCL manufactured by stitching in which yarns or threads are passed through thecover geosynthetic, the clay core, and the carrier geosynthetic creating a directional orientation; therefore, the direction ofallowable shear transfer is predetermined.3.1.1.10 unreinforced GCL, nGCL that do
21、es not have a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3.1.2 Organizational Definitions:3.1.2.1 installer, nthe party who installs, or facilitates installation of, any materials purchased from manufacturers orsuppliers.3.1.2.2 manufacturer, nthe group, corporation, partnership, or indi
22、vidual that manufactures a product.3.1.2.3 purchaser, nthe person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed.3.1.2.4 supplier, nthe party who supplies material or services.3.1.3 Quality Definitions:3.1.3.1 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or systematic a
23、ctions necessary to provide adequate confidence that amaterial, product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.3.1.3.2 quality control (QC), na planned system of activities whose purpose is to provide a level of quality that meets theneeds of users; also, the use of such a system.3.2 For defin
24、itions of other terms, see Terminology D4439.4. Significance and Use4.1 GCLs must be properly manufactured in a manner consistent with a minimum level of quality control as determined byin-house testing of the final product. This practice suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing and t
25、he minimum testingfrequencies.4.2 It should be clearly recognized that manufacturers may perform additional tests or at greater frequency than required in thispractice, or both. In this case, the manufacturers quality control plan will then take precedence over this practice. The quoted testsand tes
26、t methods in Table 1 must appear in the QC plan and the QC report.4.3 It should also be recognized that purchasers and installers of GCLs may require additional tests or at a great frequency thancalled for in this practice, or both. The organization(s) producing such project specific specification o
27、r quality assurance planshould recognize that such requirements are beyond the current state of the practice. If such a request is made by purchasers orinstallers, they should clearly communicate the requirements to the manufacturer or supplier during the contract decisions in orderthat disputes do
28、not arise at a subsequent time.5. Procedure5.1 The procedure for this practice is embodied in Table 1.3 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.D5889/D5889
29、M 162MD = machine directionCD = cross-machine directionMinimum = lowest result for the produced lot from which the supplied rolls were selectedMaximum = highest result for the produced lot from which the supplied rolls were selectedn a = not applicableTABLE 1 Minimum Types of Tests and Their Frequen
30、cies for the QC of GCLsTest Designation Test Method Frequency of Testing Report ValueClay:A BFree swell D5890 Every 50 tonnes Minimum averageFluid loss D5891 Every 50 tonnes Minimum averageGeosynthetic Materials: BGeotextiles:Mass per unit area D5261 20 000 m2 (200 000 ft2) Typical and MARGrab tensi
31、le strength (MD and CD) D4632 20 000 m2 (200 000 ft2) MARVGeomembraneThickness D5199 20 000 m2 (200 000 ft2) MARVTensile strength at break and yield(MD and CD)CD6693 20 000 m2 (200 000 ft2) MARVFinished GCL:DClay mass per unit area (dried)E D5993 4000 m2 (40 000 ft2) MARVClay moisture content D5993
32、4000 m2 (40 000 ft2) AveragevalueFTensile strengthG D6768 20 000 m2 (200 000 ft2) MARVBonding peel strength D6496 20 000 m2 (200 000 ft2) MARVIndex fluxB ,G D5887 Once weekly with the last20 values reportedHMaximum valueTABLE 1 Minimum Types of Tests and Their Frequencies for the MQC of GCLsTest Des
33、ignation Test MethodReinforced UnreinforcedMQCReportValuesSingleComponent Multi-componentSingleComponent Multi-componentwith coating with film ormembrane with coating with film ormembraneFrequency of Testing1. Bentonite Clay1.1 Swell indexA, B D5890 50 tonnes raw material control Minimum1.2 Fluid lo
34、ssA, B D5891/D5891M 50 tonnes raw material control Maximum1.3 Clay moisture contentC D5993 50 tonnes raw material control Averagevalue2. GeotextileA, B, D2.1 Mass per unit area D5261 20 000 m2 200 000 ft2 Minimum2.2 Grab tensile strength (MDand CD) D4632/D4632M 20 000 m2 200 000 ft2 Minimum3. Multi-
35、component BarrierA, B, D3.1 Density of geomembrane,membrane, film backingD792 (otherresins) orD1505 (PE)n/a n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2200 000 ft2 Minimum3.2 Thickness of geomembrane,membrane, film backingD5199 (smooth)D5994/D5994M(textured)n/a n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2
36、200 000 ft2MARVEor minimum3.3 Tensile strength at breakand yield (MD and CD) ofgeomembrane, membrane,film backingD882 (film ormembrane),D6693/D6693M(geomembrane)n/a n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2200 000 ft2MARVEor minimum3.4 Mass per unit area D5261 n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000
37、m2200 000 ft2 n/a Minimum4. Finished GCL:4.1 Total mass per unit area(dried)F, C D5993 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 Minimum4.2 Clay mass per unit area(dried)F, C D5993 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 Minimum4.3 Clay moisture contentC D5993 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 Averagevalue4.3 Tensile Strength D6768/D6768M 20 000 m2 200 000
38、ft2 MARVEor minimum4.4 Bonding peel strength (MD)G D6496/D6496M 20 000 m2 200 000 ft2 n/a Minimum4.4 GCL index fluxH or basebentonite only/GCL for multi-component GCLsD5887 25 000 m2 250 000 ft2 MaximumA The tests on the bentonite are to be performed on the as-received material before fabrication in
39、to the GCL product.B Cert letter from component manufacturer or QA from GCL manufacturer, or both. Cert letters must arrive and be checked before the components are used for the GCLproduction.CFor geofilms, Test Method If the moisture content D882 may from the bentonite added during production did n
40、ot change, the mass per unit area and moisture contentof the bentonite (evaluated according to 1.3 in Table 1be more appropriate.) can be used to determine the values of the finished GCL product.D Components from finished GCL product should not be separated and tested, because the production process
41、 may alter the properties of the components.D5889/D5889M 1635.1.1 The minimum recommended quality control tests for the manufacture of GCLs are given in Table 1. The tests areperformed on the clay, the geosynthetic component material(s) and the finished GCL.6. MQC Report6.1 Report the following info
42、rmation:6.1.1 Suppliers letter of certification or MQC data, or both,6.1.2 Description or title of product MQC activity, or both,6.1.3 Data of GCL production,6.1.4 GCL roll numbers, brand name, and specific type,6.1.5 Test results,6.1.6 Signature from person in charge for MQC report.7. Keywords7.1 g
43、eosynthetic clay liner; geosynthetics; manufacturing quality control; multicomponent GCL; testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determi
44、nation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or wi
45、thdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that yo
46、ur comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sin
47、gle or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright C
48、learance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ MARVminimum average roll value, only evaluated for a one-year production period with an average value minus 2 standard deviations. If the production period is lessthan one year, for example, for job-specific products,
49、 a MARV value may not be able to be evaluated, then the minimum value shall be reported.F Dried bentonite should be defined as 0 % moisture content.F Only for information.G This test Internal shear testing (Test Method D6243/D6243M) may not be applicable for geomembrane-backed GCLs. be applicable to quality control of the bondingstrength of non-needle-punched reinforced and stitch-bonded GCLs.H The last 20 values to be reported should end at the production date of the supplied GCL. If the manufacturer has
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