ASTM D5967-2008 752 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine.pdf

1、Designation: D 5967 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5967; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi

2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance ch

3、aracteristics,including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-8.1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for runningan extended length T-8 test, which is commonly referred to asthe T-8E and an abbreviated length test, whi

4、ch is commonlyreferred to as T-8A. The procedures for the T-8E and the T-8Aare identical to the T-8 with the exception of the itemsspecifically listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 respectively.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8and Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of

5、the T-8procedure.1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are generally shown in parentheses whencombined with SI units, and vice versa.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc

6、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety precautions.1.5 A Table of Contents follows:Scope

7、 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6General Description 6.1The Test Engine 6.2Mack Test Engine 6.2.1Engine Cooling System 6.2.2Engine Oil System 6.2.3Auxiliary Oil System 6.2.4Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.5Blowby Meter 6.2.6Air Supply and Filtrat

8、ion 6.2.7Fuel Supply 6.2.8Intake Manifold Temperature Control 6.2.9Engine Fluids 7Test Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus at Rebuild 8Cleaning of Parts 8.1Valves, Seats, Guides, and Springs 8.2Cylinder Liner, Piston, and Piston Ring Assembly 8.3Injec

9、tors and Injection Pump 8.4Assembly Instructions 8.5Measurements 8.6Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration/Non-ReferenceRequirements9Calibration Frequency 9.1Calibration Reference Oils 9.2Test Numbering 9.3New Laboratories and New Test Stands 9.4Calibrated Laboratories and Test Stands 9.5Calib

10、ration Test Acceptance 9.6Failing Calibration Tests 9.7Non-Reference Oil Test Requirements 9.8Procedure 10Pretest Procedure 10.1Engine Start-Up 10.2Engine Shutdown 10.3Test Cycle 10.4Oil Addition/Drain 10.5Oil Samples 10.61This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum

11、Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 596707.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in

12、 this test method bymeans of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in allinformation letters through 07-2. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator.1Copyright ASTM Intern

13、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Oil Consumption Calculations 10.7Fuel Samples 10.8Periodic Measurements 10.9Blowby 10.10Centrifugal Oil Filter Mass Gain 10.11Oil Filter DP Calculation 10.12Post Test 10.13Inspection of Fuel and Oil During T

14、est 11Oil Inspection 11.1Fuel Inspections 11.2Oil Consumption 11.3Report 12Reporting Test Results 12.1Deviations from Test Operational Limits 12.2Electronic Transmission of Test Results 12.3Plots of Operational Data 12.4Precision and Bias 13Precision 13.1Bias 13.2Keywords 14AnnexesReport Forms Annex

15、 A1Sensor Locations Annex A2Kinematic Viscosity At 100C For Test Method D 5967 Samples Annex A3Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Procedure Annex A4Procurement of Test Materials Annex A5Safety Precautions Annex A6Data Dictionary Annex A7T-8E Extended Length Test Requirements Annex A8T-8A Ab

16、breviated Length Test Requirements Annex A92. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method

17、for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity o

18、f Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for GlassCapillary Kinematic ViscometersD 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Ce

19、tane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method

20、for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by

21、CentrifugeD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4485 Spec

22、ification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled

23、 Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diese

24、l Injector ApparatusE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry2.2 SAE Standard:4SAE J1995 Engine Power Test CodeSpark Ignition andCompression IgnitionGross Power Rating3. Terminology3.1 D

25、efinitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility. D 41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication o

26、r output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.4 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine opera-tion, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D 44853.1.5 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustio

27、n engines,one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output. D 44853.1.6 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 41753.1.7 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconforman

28、ce with the requirements in the standard testmethod, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar

29、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D5967082different test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D 41753.1.8 oxidation, nof engine

30、oil, the reaction of the oil withan electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or a combination thereof. D 41753.1.9 reference oil, nan oil of known performanc

31、e char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D 41753.1.9.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils.3.1.10 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit

32、,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 41753.1.11 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment in accordance with th

33、e require-ments in the test method, and conducted in accordance with thespecified operating conditions. D 41753.1.11.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests operational validity. These requirements are applied aftera test is comp

34、leted, and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and secondary parameters that arenarrower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andsecondary parameters from the specified control ranges, (3)downtime li

35、mitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.3.1.12 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 41753.1.13 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface. D 41754. Summ

36、ary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E7-350 dieselengine with a warm-up, a 2-h flush for each test, and then aconstant speed and load conditions that are held for theremainder of the test. Reference oil test length is 300 h.Non-reference oil test length is 250 h.4.2 Oil sa

37、mples are taken periodically and analyzed forviscosity increase.4.3 Engine rebuild frequency is based on the degradation oftest parameters and is left to the discretion of the testlaboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engine isdisassembled, solvent-cleaned, measured, and rebuilt, using al

38、lnew pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and valve guides, in strictaccordance with furnished specifications.4.4 The engine crankcase is solvent-cleaned, and worn ordefective parts are replaced.4.5 The test stand is equipped with appropriate accessoriesfor controlling speed, load, and various engine op

39、eratingconditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the visco-metric performance of engine oils in turbocharged and inter-cooled four-cycle diesel engines. Results are obtained fromused oil analysis.5.2 The test method is used for engine oil specificationacceptanc

40、e when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:TABLE 1 PC-9 Reference Diesel FuelProperty Test Method MinAMaxASulfur, mass % D 2622 0.04 0.05Gravity, API D 287 or D 4052 34.5 36.5 (37)Hydrocarbon composition, % volAromatics D 1319 (FIA) (27) 28 33Olefin D 1319 (

41、FIA) ReportCetane number D 613 40 (42) 48Cetane index D 976 andD 4737ReportCopper strip corrosion D 130 1Flash point, C D93 54Pour point, C D97 18Cloud point, C D 2500 ReportCarbon residue on 10 %residuum, mass %D 524 (10 %bottoms)0.35Water and sediment, vol % D 2709 0.05Viscosity, cSt at 40C D 445

42、2.4 3.0Ash, mass % D 482 0.005Acid number D 664 0.05Strong acid number D 664 0.00Accelerated stability D 2274 ReportDistillation, C D86IBP Report10 % vol Report50 % vol Report90 % vol 282 338EP ReportAMin and max numbers in parentheses are EPA Certification Fuel Specifications.D59670836.1.1 The test

43、 engine is a Mack E7-350 mechanicallygoverned engine, P/N 11GBA77623 (see Annex A5). It is anopen-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, compression ignition engine. The bore andstroke are 124 by 165 mm (478 by 612 in.), and the displace-ment is 12 L (728 in.3).

44、 The engine is rated at 261 kW (350bhp) at 1800 r/min governed speed (see SAE J1995).6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere should be rela-tively free of dirt, dust, and other contaminants as required bygood laboratory standards. Additionally, it is recommendedthat the atmosphere in the engine buil

45、dup area be filtered andcontrolled for temperature and humidity to prevent accumula-tion of dirt or dust on engine parts. Uniform temperaturecontrol will also aid in measuring and selecting parts forassembly.6.1.3 Use the low sulfur reference diesel fuel shown inTable 1.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mac

46、k Test EngineThe engine is available fromMack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA5.1.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 A new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA5.1 is required every test to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. Pressurize the system to 103 kPa (15 psi) at theexp

47、ansion tank.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshould prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glas

48、s between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.3 Engine Oil SystemA schematic of the engine oilsystem is shown in Fig. A2.9.6.2.4 Auxiliary Oil SystemTo maintain a constant oil leveli

49、n the pan, provide an additional 9.5-L (10-qt) sump by the useof a separate closed tank connected to the sump. Circulate oilthrough the tank at a rate of 5.7 6 1.9 L/min (1.5 6 0.5 gpm)with an auxiliary pump.Atypical auxiliary oil system is shownin Fig. A2.9. The No. 6 and No. 8 Aeroquip5lines should haveinside diameters of 10 mm (38 in.) and 13 mm (12 in.),respectively. The vent line size is specified as a minimum No.8 line size. Equivalent lines may be substituted for Aeroquiplines provided they have the proper inside diameters.6.2.5 Crankcase Aspir