1、Designation: D6024/D6024M 15Standard Test Method forBall Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) toDetermine Suitability for Load Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6024/D6024M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method explains the determination of theability of Controlled
3、Low Strength Material (CLSM) to with-stand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto thein-place material.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are
4、collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or
5、 any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.3 U
6、nitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded separatelyas standard. The values stated in each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 CLSM is also
7、 known as flowable fill, controlled densityfill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,“K-Krete,” and other similar names.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
8、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3
9、C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4832 Test Method for Prepa
10、ration and Testing of Con-trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test CylindersD6023 Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, Ce-ment Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Con-trolled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6103 Test Method
11、for Flow Consistency of ControlledLow Strength Material (CLSM) (Withdrawn 2013)43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical termsin this test method, refer to Terminology standards C125 andD653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Controlled Low Strength Mate
12、rial (CLSM), na mix-ture of soil, aggregates (sand, gravel, or both), cementitiousmaterials, potable water, and sometimes admixtures, that hard-ens into a material with a higher strength than the soil, but lessthan 8400 kPa 1200 psi.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compactedbackfill, CLSM
13、 can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or a1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1995. L
14、ast previous edition approved in 2007 as D6024 07. DOI: 10.1520/D6024_D6024M-15.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM In
16、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1compacted material and typically has strengths of 350 to 700kPa 50 to 100 psi for most applications.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A half spherical weight is dropped five times from aspecific height onto t
17、he surface of in-place CLSM. Thediameter of the resulting indentation is measured and comparedto established criteria. The indentation is inspected for any freewater brought to the surface from the impact.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used primarily as a field test todetermine the r
18、eadiness of the CLSM to accept loads prior toadding a temporary or permanent wearing surface.5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearingstrength of a CLSM mixture.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests thatcan be performed on CLSM during construction to monitorco
19、mpliance with specification requirements. The other teststhat can be used during construction control are Test MethodsD4832, D6023, and D6103.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment an
20、d facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results
21、 depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Ball-drop ApparatusA Ball Penetration Apparatus(Kelly Ball) that consists of a half sphere with a handle,together weighing 14-15 kg 30-33 lb. The half sphericalweight may be machined from meta
22、l stock or cast or spun witha smooth finish and shall have a radius of 73 mm 2.875 in. to79 mm 3.125 in. A stirrup or frame approximately 270 mm10.5 in. wide and approximately 140 mm 5.5 in. high shallguide the handle such that the Kelly Ball falls freely andperpendicular to the surface being tested
23、 (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 Blockspieces of wood, or ultra high molecularweight plastic (UHMW) that are approximately 90 mm 3.5in. high are used to elevate the stirrups to the proper height.The stirrups must be centered on the blocks to avoid tipping,and attached securely to the stirrups so shifting does no
24、t occur.The blocks shall be parallel to each other and perpendicular tothe main stirrup frame. The blocks must not interfere with theball-drop apparatus. Each block shall have dimensions ofapproximately 90 mm 3.5 in. wide by 180 mm 7 in. longwith a minimum bearing area of 0.015 m224 in2 and shallsup
25、port the stirrup such that the Kelly Ball falls freely for adistance of 108 mm 4.25 in. to 114 mm 4.5 in.6.2 Measuring Devicea ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid length measuring instrumentmarked in increments of 3 mm 0.125 in. or smaller capable ofmeasuring the diame
26、ter of the indentation.7. Procedure7.1 The surface of the CLSM will need to be as level aspossible either by self-leveling or by slight brooming actionwith hand tools. Set the elevated base of the apparatus on theleveled CLSM surface, with the handle in a vertical positionand free to slide through t
27、he frame. Put slight pressure on theframe with your free hand to stabilize the device. Lift thehandle as far as possible allowing the top surface of the ball tocontact the underside of the stirrup frame. Release the weightallowing it to free fall to the surface of the CLSM. Repeat thisfor a total of
28、 five consecutive times at each location tested.Before testing a new location of the in-place CLSM removeany material that has adhered to the ball from previous testing.7.2 Measure the diameter of the indentation left by the ballto the nearest 2.5 mm 0.125 in. with a measuring device.NOTE 2See Appen
29、dix X1 for nonmandatory information aboutacceptance criteria.7.3 Inspect the indentation for visible surface water or sheenbrought to the surface by the dropping action of the ball. Thesurface should look similar to that before the test with theexception of an indentation. The presence of surface wa
30、ter mayindicate the CLSM is unsuitable or not ready for load appli-cation.8. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)8.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the test data sheet(s)/form(s), as given below, is covered in1.2.FIG. 1 Ball-drop ApparatusD6024/D6024M 1528.2 Record as a minimu
31、m the following general information(data):8.2.1 Project Identification,8.2.2 Location of test,8.2.3 Identification of individual performing the testmethod,8.2.4 Date test is performed, and8.2.5 Identification of CLSM mixture.8.3 Record as a minimum the following test data:8.3.1 Visible surface water
32、 or sheen brought to the surfaceby the dropping action,8.3.2 Irregularities on the surface of the in place CLSM,such as indentations left by the blocks or severe cracking, and8.3.3 Diameter of indentation to the nearest 2.5 mm 0.125in.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not p
33、resented due tothe nature of this test method. It is either not feasible or toocostly at this time to have ten or more agencies participate inan in situ testing program at a given site.9.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.15 is seeking any data fromusers of the test method that might be used to make a limited
34、statement on precision.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords10.1 backfill; ball drop apparatus; bearing; CLSM; con-struction control; early load; flowable fill; mix design; qualitycontrol; soil stabilization; surface water
35、; wearing surfaceAPPENDIXX1. EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF THE TEST METHODX1.1 Application of this test method is typically based onestablishing a maximum allowed diameter of the indentationcaused by the ball drop apparatus prior to application ofadditional load. The subcommittee is not aware of any pub-l
36、ished data or studies supporting specific acceptance criteria.Subcommittee members familiar with the application of themethod have reported 75 mm 3 in. as a common criterial inutility applications (for example, trench backfill) and 100 mm4 in. being acceptable in other applications such as pavements
37、ubgrade. Field conditions and application should be consid-ered carefully when establishing acceptance criteria.X1.2 Hot weather can cause a hard crust to form on thesurface of CLSM that should be removed before performingthe test method. It may be necessary to remove a depth of 25to 75 mm 1 to 3 in
38、. in such cases.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (2007) thatmay impact the use of this standard. (July 1, 2015)(1) Standard caveats were updated.(2) Section 3.2.1 revised the definition of CLSM to be consis-tent wit
39、h the definition in other standards.(3) Section 6 Ball-drop apparatus description was changedfrom cylindrical to half spherical and additional dimensionalrequirements were included.(4) Figure 1 was revised to include SI units and inch-poundunits. The Metric Equivalents table was removed.(5) Note 2,
40、which suggested acceptance criteria, was revised torefer the user to information in the appendix.(6) Appendixes were added to provide the user with nonman-datory information related to the application and use of thestandard.D6024/D6024M 153ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
41、 of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject
42、to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters
43、. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is
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