1、Designation: D6045 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forColor of Petroleum Products by the Automatic TristimulusMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination ofcolor of a wide variety of petroleum products such
3、 as undyedmotor and aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas,kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heatingoils, and lubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method.This test method correlates to Test Method D156 and TestMethod D1500 as calculated by the instrumentati
4、on.NOTE 1With the appropriate sample handling, this test method wouldapply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, andthe precision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown.1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test MethodD156 or Test Method D1500.1.3 Thi
5、s test method has a one-to-one correlation for theentire range of Test Method D1500 ASTM Color and for therange from 0 to +30 for Test Method D156 Saybolt color.1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples,petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum productshaving extreme fluorescence.1
6、.5 This test method does not apply to cloudy samples. Suchsamples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
7、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with intern
8、ationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 T
9、est Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE284 Termi
10、nology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE System2.2 Energy Institute Standard:IP 17 Determination of ColourLovibond Tintometer33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ASTM color, nthe name of an empirical scale ofexpressing the color of a petroleum liquid dark
11、er than Sayboltcolor based on a scale of 0.5 (lightest) to 8.0 Dil (darkest) anddetermined by Test Method D1500.3.1.2 CIEthe abbreviation for the French title of theInternational Commission on Illumination, or CommissionInternationale de lEclairage. E2843.1.3 CIE Standard Illuminant C, nColorimetric
12、illuminant, representing daylight with a correlated color tem-perature of 6774 K, defined by the CIE in terms of a relativespectral power distribution. E2843.1.4 CIE 1931 standard observer, nideal colorimetricobserver with color matching functions x(), y(), z() corre-sponding to a field of view subt
13、ending a 2 angle on the retina;commonly called the “2 Standard Observer.” E2841This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon M
14、aterial.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6045 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6045-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
15、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Methods for Analysis Testing, available from Energy Institute, 61 NewCavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
16、n, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizat
17、ion Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.5 Saybolt color, nthe name of an empirical scale forexpressing of the color of a clear petroleum liquid based on ascale of 16 (darkest) to +30 (lightest) and determined by TestMethod D156.3.1.6 tristimulus values, nThe amounts of three specifiedst
18、imuli required to match a color.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn the CIE system, they are assignedthe symbols X, Y, and Z. E2844. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is poured into the glass sample container,and the container is placed into the light path of the automaticinstrument.Atransmittance measurement i
19、s performed in orderto determine the CIE tristimulus values (under CIE StandardIlluminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer) of thesample in question. These are then converted instrumentally bythe appropriate algorithm to Saybolt color or ASTM colorvalues.4.2 The color of the sample is reported i
20、n eitherTest MethodD156 or Test Method D1500 values, as appropriate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is usedmainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an importantquality characteristic because color is readily observed by theuser of the product. In s
21、ome cases the color may serve as anindication of the degree of refinement of the material.When thecolor range of a particular product is known, a variation outsidethe established range may indicate possible contamination withanother product. However, color is not always a reliable guideto product qu
22、ality and should not be used indiscriminately inproduct specifications.6. Apparatus6.1 Either instrument described in 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 may beused in this test method.6.1.1 SpectrophotometerThe spectrophotometer used inthe measurement shall satisfy the following specifications:6.1.1.1 Wavelength Range3
23、80 nm to 780 nm.6.1.1.2 Effective Wavelength WidthThe effective wave-length width of the radiant flux from the slit of the spectro-photometer shall be 10 nm 6 2nmor5nm6 1 nm.6.1.1.3 Linearity60.5 % of full scale. Photometric repro-ducibility60.2 %.6.1.1.4 Wavelength Accuracy61 nm.6.1.1.5 Geometrical
24、 ConditionsNormal illumination andcollection. The illumination light flux shall not include a raywhich has an angle of five or more degrees toward the centralline. The angle of the center line inclination of the illuminationflux shall be 0 6 2 toward the normal line of the samplesurface.6.1.1.6 The
25、spectrophotometer shall have the capability tocompute tristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using CIE StandardIlluminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer.6.1.1.7 A spectrophotometer that gives results comparableto those of the instrument described in 6.1.1.1 through 6.1.1.6shall be satisfactory.6.1.2 Tri
26、stimulus Filter ColorimeterInstrument designedfor high precision color measurement of clear liquids. Theinstrument shall be capable of converting the light transmittedby a sample (under normal illumination/normal detection) intotristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using the CIE Standard Illumi-nant C and th
27、e CIE 1931 Standard Observer using PracticeE308. A correlation between measured tristimulus values andTest Method D1500 and Test Method D156 numbers shall beused to yield an equivalent instrumental ASTM color, orSaybolt value, or both. The instrument shall be capable ofautomatically computing ASTM c
28、olor or Saybolt values, orboth (see Section 12).6.1.3 Sample CellSample cell shall be clean, clear,colorless, and unaffected by the petroleum product beingmeasured. Cells with path lengths of 33 mm have been foundsuitable for measuringASTM color, and cells with path lengthsof 100 mm have been found
29、suitable for measuring Sayboltvalues. The operator shall follow the instrument manufactur-ers procedures and recommendations.6.2 Ultrasonic Bath, Unheated(optional), of suitable di-mensions to hold container(s) placed inside of bath, for use ineffectively dissipating and removing air or gas bubbles
30、that canbe entrained in viscous sample types prior to analysis.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of
31、theAmerican Chemical Society4where such specifications are available. Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 DiluentKerosine (WarningCombustible. Vaporharmful.)
32、having a color of +21 saybolt color or lighter by thistest method or Test Method D156, or 1.5 by method B of IP17.This material is used for diluting dark samples to be measuredfor ASTM color. As an alternative, other solvents, such aswhite oil or solvent neutral 100 of satisfactory purity that meett
33、he color requirements specified here in 7.2, are also accept-able.8. Sampling8.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with PracticeD4057.8.2 For some sample types, such as viscous lube oils thatare prone to having entrained air or gas bubbles present in thesample, the use of an ultrasonic bath (see
34、6.2) without theheater turned on (if so equipped), has been found effective indissipating bubbles typically within 10 min.4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemi
35、cal Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D6045 12 (2017)29. Preparation of Sample9.1 Liquid Petroleum Products such as Lubricating OilsI
36、fthe sample is not clear, heat it 6 C (10 F) above its cloudpoint (see Test Method D2500) and observe the color at thattemperature. When the sample is darker than ASTM Color 8,mix 15 volumes of the sample into 85 volumes of the kerosine,and test the mixture.10. Procedure10.1 CalibrationPrepare the s
37、pectrophotometer or tris-timulus filter colorimeter for operation following the manufac-turers instructions.10.1.1 Periodic measurement of suitable Test MethodD1500 or Test Method D156, or both, comparative sampleswould verify instrumental performance. Refer to the manufac-turers documentation for s
38、pecific details. A method for creat-ing suitable samples is included in Appendix X1.10.1.2 Basic calibration procedures are given in AppendixX2.10.2 MeasurementPlace the cell filled with the sample inthe instrument, and measure according to the manufacturersinstructions.10.3 Record the ASTM color va
39、lue or Saybolt number asappropriate.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The color of the sample as either Saybolt color to thenearest whole number or ASTM color according to thefollowing procedure: (1) for results with decimal numericalvalues of x.1 to x.4, precede the value with
40、the capital letter“L” or with a “8 ASTM color.11.1.2 If the sample has been diluted in accordance with 7.2,report the color of the mixture followed by the abbreviation“Dil,” for example, “L7.5 Dil ASTM color” or “7.5 DilASTM color” (see Note 2).NOTE 2For samples that are diluted in 11.1.2, it is per
41、missible for thelaboratory to annotate the report in any suitable manner, provided that theinformation clearly conveys to the data recipient that the sample analyzedwas diluted.11.1.3 When the sample has been filtered, add the words,“sample filtered.”12. Precision and Bias12.1 A correlation has been
42、 derived between the manualTest Method D156 Saybolt color and the manual Test MethodD1500 ASTM color, and this automatic method in a coopera-tive program involving five laboratories and ten petroleummaterials. Data were generated in 1993 and details andstatistical analyses are on file at ASTM Headqu
43、arters.512.2 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as ob-tained by statistical examination of interlaboratory test resultsis as follows:12.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating conditions on i
44、dentical testmaterial would, in the long run, in the normal and correctoperation of the test method, exceed the following value onlyin one case in twenty):12.2.1.1 r = 0.14 Saybolt color units (Test Method D156).12.2.1.2 r = 0.10 ASTM color units (Test Method D1500).12.2.2 ReproducibilityThe differe
45、nce between two singleand independent test results obtained by different operatorsworking in different laboratories on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following value only in one case intwenty:12.2.2.1 R = 1.24 (correla
46、tion with Test Method D156).12.2.2.2 R = 0.48 (correlation with Test Method D1500).12.3 Bias:12.3.1 There is no bias in the correlation between this testmethod and Test Method D1500.12.3.2 There is no bias in the correlation between this testmethod and Test Method D156 in the range from 0 to +30.The
47、re is a bias for the range from 0 to 16.13. Keywords13.1 ASTM color; automatic colorimeter; color measure-ment; petroleum products color; Saybolt; tristimulus5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1356. ContactASTM
48、CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D6045 12 (2017)3APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PREPARATION PROCEDURE OF THE COLOR STANDARD SAMPLESINTRODUCTIONThis appendix is an explanation about preparation of color standard samples referred to inRR:D02-1356.5It is also an example of the preparation of
49、 possible standard samples that can be usedfor periodic checks (see 10.1.1).X1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This appendix describes the preparation procedureof the Saybolt color standard samples and ASTM colorstandard samples.X1.2 Referenced DocumentsX1.2.1 IEC Standard: IEC 867 Insulating LiquidsSpecifications for Unused Liquids Based on Synthetic Aro-matic Hydrocarbons6X1.2.2 Japanese Industrial Standard: K 0510 High PurityDodecane7X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 The apparatus shall conform to the specifications setforth in 6.1 through 6.1.3.X1.3.1.1 CellsT
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