1、Designation: D 6084 06Standard Test Method forElastic Recovery of Bituminous Materials by Ductilometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the elastic recovery of abituminous material measured by the recoverable strain deter-mined after sev
3、ering an elongated briquet specimen of thematerial of the form described in 4.1. The specimens are pulledto a specified distance at a specified speed and at a specifiedtemperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be madeat a temperature of 25 6 0.5C (77 6 0.9F) and with a speedof 5 cm/min
4、 6 5%.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Values in parentheses in inch-pound units are pro-vided for informational purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
5、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD5 Test
6、Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE 220 Test Method f
7、or Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE 644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometers3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is useful in confirming that a materialhas been added to the asphalt to provide a significant elasto-meric characteristic. It does not
8、necessarily identify the type oramount of material added.4. Apparatus4.1 Mold3The mold shall be similar in design to thatshown in Fig. 1. The mold shall be made of brass, 10.0 6 0.1mm thick, the ends b and b8 being known as clips, and the partsa and a8 as sides of the mold, with a brass base plate t
9、hat islarger than the assembled mold. The dimensions of theassembled mold shall be as shown in Fig. 1 with the permis-sible variations indicated. (See Note 1.)4.2 Water Bath for Conditioning SpecimenMaintain thewater bath at the specified test temperature, varying not morethan 0.1C (0.18F) from this
10、 temperature. The volume ofwater shall be not less than 10 L, and the specimen immersedto a depth of not less than 10 cm and supported on a perforatedshelf not less than 5 cm from the bottom of the bath.4.3 Testing MachineFor elongating the briquet of bitumi-nous material, any apparatus may be used
11、that is so constructedthat the specimen will be continuously immersed in water,while the two clips are pulled apart at a uniform speed, asspecified, without undue vibration. A variation of 65% ispermissible. The water in the tank of the testing machine shallcover the specimen both above and below it
12、 by at least 2.5 cmand shall be maintained within 60.5C (0.9F) of the testtemperature. The testing machine shall incorporate a means bywhich the elongation can be measured in centimetres. (SeeNote 2.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is
13、 the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 onRheological Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6084 - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
14、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Humboldt Manufacturing Company, 7300 W. Agatite Ave., Chicago,
15、 IL 60656. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee1, which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 ThermometerA thermometer having a range shown asfollows, conforming to the requirements in accordance withSpecification E1, and calibrated in accordance with TestMethod E77. (See Note 3.)An equivalent thermometric devicethat has been calibrated in acco
17、rdance with Test Method E 220or Test Methods E 644 may be used.Temperature Range ASTM Thermometer No.8 to 32C 63C18 to 89F 63F4.5 ScissorsAny type of conventional scissors capable ofcutting the bituminous material at the test temperature.4.6 OvenAn oven capable of maintaining 135 6 5C (2756 10F).4.7
18、 Sieves300-m (No. 50) and 850-m (No. 20) sieves,76 mm in diameter, in accordance with Specification E11.NOTE 1Clips for the mold are the same as specified in Fig. 1 of TestMethod D113.NOTE 2The testing machine may be the same as specified in TestMethod D113.NOTE 3In those cases where the elastic rec
19、overy specimens areconditioned in the standard penetration bath at 25C (77F), the thermom-eter as prescribed for Test Method D5may be substituted in place of thoseshown.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Asphalt Emulsion ResidueIf the sample is a residualproduct from the emulsion distillation test at 260C (50
20、0F) ora polymer-modified asphalt emulsion residual product from adistillation at lower temperatures, stir the contents in the stilland immediately pour portions of the residue into suitablemolds for making the required tests. If it is suspected there isforeign matter in the residue, pour the materia
21、l through a 300-m (No. 50) sieve that has been preheated at 135 6 5C (2756 10F) prior to pouring into the test molds. (See Note 4.)5.2 Ambient Sample If the sample is an asphalt cement ora polymer-modified asphalt cement, carefully heat the samplein a covered container to prevent local overheating u
22、ntil it hasbecome sufficiently fluid to pour. Use an oven set at 135 6 5C(275 6 10F) for sample heating. Strain the melted samplethrough a 300-m (No. 50) sieve that has been preheated at 1356 5C (275 6 10F). (See Note 5.)NOTE 4In the case of higher viscosity emulsion residues or residuesfrom lower t
23、emperature distillations that will not pass a 300-m (No. 50)sieve, an 850-m (No. 20) sieve may be used.NOTE 5In those cases where the samples are not sufficiently fluid topour at 135C (275F), higher temperatures may be used. In the case ofhigher viscosity materials that will not pass a 300-m (No. 50
24、) sieve, an850-m (No. 20) sieve may be used.6. Procedure6.1 Assemble the mold on the brass plate. Thoroughly coatthe surface of the plate and the interior surfaces of the sides ofthe mold, a and a8, with a thin layer of a mixture of glycerinand dextrin, talc, or kaolin (china clay) to prevent the te
25、stmaterial from sticking. Other release agents may be used,provided results obtained are comparable to those obtainedwhen using one of the above. The plate upon which the moldshall be placed shall be perfectly flat and level so that thebottom surface of the mold will be in contact throughout. Afters
26、ample preparation as described in Section 5, thoroughly stirthe sample and pour into the mold. In filling the mold, take carenot to disarrange the pieces of the mold, thus distorting theshape. In filling, take care to pour and place material in astream back and forth from end to end until the mold i
27、s morethan level full. Allow the filled mold to cool to room tempera-ture for 35 6 5 min. Then place in the water bath at the testtemperature for 30 6 5 min. Remove the test specimens fromthe water bath and immediately trim the excess material with ahot putty knife or spatula to make the molds just
28、level full. (SeeNote 6.)6.2 Keeping Specimens at Standard TemperaturePlace thetrimmed specimen and mold in the water bath at the specifiedtest temperature for 90 6 5 min prior to testing. Remove thespecimen from the plate by a shearing action between speci-men and plate, avoiding any bending of the
29、test specimen.Remove the side pieces a and a8 being careful not to distort orfracture the specimen. Attach the specimen to the testingmachine and immediately test the specimen.6.3 Testing, Procedure AAttach the rings at each end ofthe clips to the pins or hooks in the testing machine and pull thetwo
30、 clips apart at a uniform speed to an elongation of 10 60.25 cm unless otherwise specified. Stop the elongation andSpacerA 36.0 6 0.5 mmB306 0.1 mmC176 0.1 mmD66 0.1 mmE106 0.1 mmNOTE 1Dimensions for b and b8 can be found in Test Method D113.FIG. 1 Mold for Elastic Recovery Test SpecimenD6084062imme
31、diately cut the test specimen into two halves at themidpoint using the scissors. Allow the specimen to remain inthe testing machine in an undisturbed condition at the specifiedtemperature for a period of 60 min. After the 60-min timeperiod, carefully move the traveling carriage back to a positionwhe
32、re the ends of the specimens just touch. If the specimenends have sagged, carefully lift them to their original levelprior to adjusting the ends to touch. Record the total length ofthe specimen with the severed ends just touching each other.6.4 Testing, Procedure BAttach the rings at each end ofthe
33、clips to the pins or hooks in the testing machine and pull thetwo clips apart at a uniform speed to an elongation of 20 60.25 cm. Stop the elongation and maintain the specimen in thisposition for 5 min. Then cut the test specimen into two halvesat the midpoint using the scissors. Allow the specimen
34、toremain in the testing machine in an undisturbed condition at thespecified temperature for a period of 60 min. After the 60-mintime period, carefully move the traveling carriage back to aposition where the ends of the specimens just touch. If thespecimen ends have sagged, carefully lift them to the
35、ir originallevel prior to adjusting the ends to touch. Record the totallength of the specimen with the severed ends just touching eachother.6.5 If the bituminous material comes in contact with thesurface of the water or the bottom of the bath, the test shall notbe considered normal.Adjust the specif
36、ic gravity of the bath bythe addition of either methyl alcohol or sodium chloride so thatthe bituminous material neither comes to the surface of thewater, nor touches the bottom of the bath at any time during thetest, and rerun the test. If the sample fractures before reachingthe specified elongatio
37、n, the test shall not be considerednormal.FIG. 2 Sample Report FormD6084063NOTE 6Mixing of clips and sides from different manufacturers mayresult in sample dimensions other than specified. Measure the width at thecross section of the assembled mold and compare to Fig. 1.7. Calculation and Report7.1
38、Calculate the percent recovery as follows:Recovery,%5EXE3 100 (1)where:E = original elongation of the specimen, cm, andX = elongation of the specimen with severed ends justtouching, cm.7.1.1 Report to the nearest whole percent the average ofthree normal tests as the elastic recovery of the sample.7.
39、2 If a normal test is not obtainable on three tests, report theelastic recovery as being unobtainable under the conditions ofthe test.7.3 It is suggested that a form sheet as shown in Fig. 2 beused to record the specific test conditions and results.7.3.1 Record the sample thermal history handling in
40、forma-tion, such as distillation temperature (if applicable), the pour-ing temperature, and whether or not the sample has beenreheated, as shown in Fig. 2.8. Precision and Bias48.1 Procedure A PrecisionCriteria for judging the accept-ability of two single measurements (see Note 7) obtained bythis te
41、st method are given as follows:NOTE 7Although this test method describes a result as the average ofthree single measurements, the precision estimates shown as follows arebased on the analysis of single measurements. For comparing two testresults, the single-operator (1s) and (d2s) estimates would be
42、 reduced bya factor of 1/=3. The multilaboratory (1s) and ( d2s) estimates would notchange.NOTE 8The figures given in Column 2are the standard deviations thathave been found to be appropriate for the materials and mean valuesdescribed in Column 1. The figures given in Column 3are the limits thatshou
43、ld not be exceeded by the difference between the results on two testspecimens.Materials IndexStandardDeviationAAcceptableRange ofTwoResultsASingle-operator precision:1 (unmodified) 0.91 2.62 (modified) 0.56 1.6Multilaboratory precision:1 (unmodified) 2.32 6.52 (modified) 1.71 4.8AThese numbers repre
44、sent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as describedin Practice C 670.8.2 Procedure B PrecisionCriteria for judging the accept-ability of two single measurements is based on an interlabora-tory study conducted on three polymer modified PG materialsby 11 laboratories. Materials and overall aver
45、age determina-tions (based on three measurements) for each material were asfollows:Material Average Recovered Elasticity, %PG70-28 58.67PG76-22 78.51PG64-34 95.718.3 Single-operator Precision for Sets of Three tests Aver-aged and Reported as a Test Result:8.3.1 The test method calls for reporting th
46、e average of threetest results. For materials with elastic recovery less than 75%,the standard deviation has been found to be 1.93%.5Therefore,the range (difference between highest and lowest) of the threeindividual measurements used in calculating the averageshould not exceed 12%. For materials wit
47、h recovered elasticitymore than 75%, the standard deviation has been found to be0.56%.5Therefore, the range of the three individual measure-ments used in calculating the average should not exceed 3.5%.8.4 For Averages Based on Three Measurements:8.4.1 The single-operator coefficient of variation has
48、 beenfound to be 1.74%.5Therefore, results of two properly con-ducted tests by the same operator on the same sample using thesame ductilometer should not differ from each other by morethan 5.0% of their average.8.4.2 The multi-laboratory coefficient of variation has beenfound to be 2.29%.5Therefore,
49、 results of two different labo-ratories on identical samples of a material should not differfrom each other by more than 6.5% of their average5.8.5 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material fordetermining the bias in this test method, no statement on biasis made.9. Keywords9.1 bituminous material; ductility; elastic; recovery4This is based on the analysis of data resulting from tests by nine laboratoriesusing Procedure A, each testing three replicate specimens. The conditions for thisresearch report were as follows:Test Te
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