ASTM D6121-2008a 431 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Under Conditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for Final Hypoid Drive Axles.pdf

1、Designation: D 6121 08aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants UnderConditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for FinalHypoid Drive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6121; the number immediately following th

2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is comm

3、only referred to as the L-37test.2This test method covers a test procedure for evaluatingthe load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of agear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed,high-torque operation.1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the lowaxle

4、temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for thelow axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to thestandard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specificallylisted in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed inAnnex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standardL-37

5、 test method.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,

6、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS

7、TM Standards:3D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Military Specification:4MIL-PRF-2105E Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.3 AGMA National

8、Standard:5Nomenclature of Gear Tooth Failure Modes2.4 SAE Standard:6SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Trans-mission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric)Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasive wear, non ring a

9、nd pinion gears, removalof material from the operating surface of the gear caused bylapping of mating surfaces by fine particles suspended inlubricant, fuel, or air or imbedded in a surface.CRC Rating Manual No. 2173.1.2 adhesive wear, non ring and pinion gears, removalof material from the operating

10、 surface of the gear caused byshearing of junctions formed between operating surfaces indirect metal-to-metal contact; sheared-off particles either re-main affixed to the harder of the mating surfaces or act as wearparticles between the surfaces. CRC Rating Manual No. 213.1.3 burnish, non ring and p

11、inion gears, an alteration ofthe original manufactured surface to a dull or brightly polishedcondition. CRC Rating Manual No. 213.1.4 corrosion, nin final drive axles, a general alterationof the finished surfaces of bearings or gears by discoloration,accompanied by roughening not attributable to mec

12、hanicalaction. CRC Rating Manual No. 211This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants adhesive wear; bearing failure; finaldrive axle; gear; gear failure; hy

13、poid axle; L-37; lubricants;surface fatigueTABLE 1 Reference Oil Test Precision DataTransformed UnitsNOTEThese statistics are based on the L-37 Standard version test results obtained on Test Monitoring Center Reference Oils 1512, 1513, 152, and153 as of March 29, 2005. There are no statistics for th

14、e Canadian version test at this time.Legend:Si.p.= intermediate precision standard deviation,i.p. = intermediate precision,SR= reproducibility standard deviation, andR = reproducibility.Hardware Type Variable Si.p.i.p.ASRRALubrited Pinion ridging,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.2612 0.7314 0.2719 0.7613Pinion ri

15、ppling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.2341 0.6555 0.2341 0.6555Pinion wear, merit 0.548 1.534 0.589 1.649Pinion pitting/spalling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.4038 1.1306 0.4095 1.1466Non-lubrited Pinion ridging,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.5323 1.4904 0.5323 1.4904Pinion rippling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.3480 0.9744 0.3480 0.9744Pinion

16、wear, merit 0.694 1.943 0.694 1.943Pinion pitting/spalling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.4603 1.2888 0.4603 1.2888AThis value is obtained by multiplying the standard deviation by 2.8.BThis parameter is transformed using a natural log. When comparing two test results on this parameter, first apply this transfor

17、mation to each test result. Compare theabsolute difference between the transformed results with the appropriate (intermediate precision or reproducibility) precision limit.D 6121 08a7ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. THE ROLE OF THE ASTM TEST MONITORING CENTER (TMC)A1.1 The TMC is a nonprofit organi

18、zation located at 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206. It is staffed to administerengineering studies; conduct laboratory visits; perform statis-tical analysis of test; to blend, store, and ship reference oils;and to provide associated administrative functions connectedwith the referencing and calib

19、ration of various lubricant tests.The TMC maintains a close connection with test sponsors, testdevelopers, the surveillance panels, and the testing laborato-ries. The management of these functions is vested in the TestMonitoring Board, whose members are elected by Subcommit-tee D02.B0. The TMC opera

20、tes under the ASTM Charter andits associated bylaws and regulations, the bylaws of CommitteeD02 and Subcommittee D02.B0, and the Rules and Regula-tions of the Test Monitoring Board. The operating income ofthe TMC is obtained from fees levied on the reference oilssupplied and on the conduct of the ca

21、libration tests. These feesare set by Subcommittee D02.B0 and are regularly reviewed.A1.2 Information LettersA1.2.1 It occasionally becomes necessary to change a testprocedure and to notify test laboratories of the change beforethe change can be considered by Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubrica

22、nts or Committee D02 on Petroleum Prod-ucts and Lubricants. In such a case, the TMC will issue anInformation Letter. Subsequently, prior to each semiannualCommittee D02 meeting, the accumulated Information Lettersare balloted in Subcommittee D02.B0. This ballot is reviewedat the Subcommittee D02.B0

23、meeting, and the actions taken arethen considered by Committee D02. In this way, theASTM dueprocess procedures are applied to the Information Letters.A1.2.2 The review of an Information Letter prior to itsoriginal issue will differ in accordance with its nature. In thecase of an Information Letter t

24、hat does not affect test results,such as notification of a part number change, the TMC isauthorized to issue an Information Letter. A survey or studyconducted by the Surveillance Panel resulting in a recommen-dation for a change in hardware or procedure may results in theissuance of an Information L

25、etter. If an urgent change tohardware or procedure are obviously necessary, the test spon-sor and the TMC may issue an Information Letter and presentit for approval, with the background and data, for approval bythe Surveillance Panel prior to the next semiannual CommitteeD02 meeting.A1.2.3 Authority

26、 for the issue of Information Letters wasgiven by the Committee on Technical Committee Operations(COTCO) in 1984, as follows: “COTCO recognizes that D02has a unique and complex situation. The use of InformationLetters is approved provided that each letter (at its initial issue)contains a disclaimer

27、to the effect that it has not obtainedASTM consensus. These Information Letters should be movedto such consensus as rapidly as possible.”A1.3 TMC MemorandaIn addition to the InformationLetter system, the TMC will provide information to theSurveillance Panel and to participating laboratories in the f

28、ormof ASTM TMC memoranda. These are used to convey suchinformation as batch approvals for test parts or materials, toclarify misunderstandings concerning the test procedure, toprovide notes and suggestions for the collection and analysis ofspecial data that the TMC may call for, or for any other mat

29、tershaving no direct effect on the test performance results orprecision and bias.A1.4 Precision DataOne measure of test precision isestablished on the basis of reference oils (calibration) testresults monitored by the ASTM TMC. Current data may beobtained from the TMC.D 6121 08a8A2. AXLE COVER EXAMP

30、LEin. mm in. mm116 1.6 1 25.438 9.5 258 66.778 22.2 312 88.9FIG. A2.1 Axle Cover ExampleD 6121 08a9A3. RIGID AXLE MOUNT EXAMPLEFIG. A3.1 Example of Rigid Axle Mount on Test StandD 6121 08a10A4. COVER PLATE TEMPERATURE SENSOR LOCATING DEVICEin. mm in. mm14 6.4 318 79.438 9.5 3516 84.112 12.7 4516 109

31、.51116 27.0 41316 122.2112 38.1 478 123.81916 39.7 6316 157.2158 41.3 81764 209.911116 42.9 1058 269.9218 54.0 13 330.221516 76.6FIG. A4.1 Cover Plate Temperature Sensor Locating DeviceD 6121 08a11A5. AXLE COOLING SYSTEMFIG. A5.1 Location of Spray Nozzles on AxleD 6121 08a12FIG. A5.2 Axle Box CoverD

32、612108a13A6. TEST VERSIONS AND AXLE PART NUMBERSA6.1 Axle Used in TestTwo types of test axle are run inthis test.A6.1.1 Uncoated AxleDana Model 60, 5.86 ratio, stan-dard differential with uncoated ring gear and uncoated pinion,Part No. 060AA100-2.10Also referred to as plain or greenaxles.A6.1.2 Coat

33、ed Axle (manganese phosphate coating)DanaModel 60, 5.86 ratio, standard differential with coated ring gearand coated pinion, Part No. 060AA100-4.10Also referred to aslubrited or lubrized axles.A6.2 Test VersionsThis test has four commonly usedversions. The test procedures and conditions described pr

34、evi-ously in this test method will be referred to as the standardversion. All versions maintain the same test procedures, wheelload, and wheel speed conditions. The differences occur in theaxle oil temperature and axle type used. Table A6.1 describeseach version.A6.3 L-37 Canadian Version Test Requi

35、rementsA6.3.1 Calibration Test Acceptance (see Section 9):A6.3.1.1 Calibration status of the L-37 Canadian Versiontest is determined by successfully calibrating a test standaccording to the L-37 Standard Version test requirementsdetailed in Section 9. In other words, a stand that is calibratedfor th

36、e L-37 Standard Version test is automatically calibratedfor the L-37 Canadian Version test.A6.3.2 Apparatus:A6.3.2.1 Use five spray nozzles to distribute water over thecover late and axle housing as shown in Fig. A5.1. Actuate thewater control valves by the temperature PID control system(see 6.2.4.3

37、).A6.3.2.2 Use two control valves to control the cooling watersupply. The control valves shall be a12 in. two-way, C lineartrim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use only one PIDloop to maintain axle lubricant temperature control (see6.2.4.3(2).A6.3.3 Test Procedure:A6.3.3.1 Operate the test as

38、 outlined in 10.1 through 10.3 ofthe L-37 Standard Version test with the exceptions of thefollowing sections. The procedure modifications listed in thisannex refer to the corresponding section of the L-37 StandardVersion test.A6.3.3.2 Set the temperature control to maintain a lubricanttemperature of

39、 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) (see 10.1.1).A6.3.3.3 At the end of the 100 min, set the temperaturecontrol to maintain a lubricant temperature of 200 6 3F (93.36 1.7C), close the throttle smoothly, shift transmission toneutral, and record ending time and temperature of the lubri-cant (see 10.1.7).A6.3.3.4

40、 Ensure that the axle temperature control is still setto maintain a lubricant temperature of 200 6 3F (93.3 61.7C) (see 10.2.1).A6.3.4 Determination of Test ResultsWhen using thelubrited hardware, gear set V1L686/P4L626A, for non-reference oil tests, add a correction factor of 0.6065 to thepinion an

41、d ring transformed ridging test result (see 12.2.3.3).Record these results on Form 1 of the test report (see AnnexA7).A6.3.4.1 When using the lubrited hardware gear set L247/T758A, for non-reference oil tests, add a correction factor of0.5878 to the transformed pinion ridging test result and add aco

42、rrection factor of 0.7340 to the transformed pinion pitting/spalling test result. Record these results on Form 1 of the testreport (see Annex A7).TABLE A6.1 Test VersionsA,BTestVersionGear Conditioning Gear Test PhaseAxle Type Axle Temperature Axle TemperatureStandard uncoated 297 6 3F (147.2 6 1.7C

43、) 275 6 3F (135.0 6 1.7C)Standard coated 297 6 3F (147.2 6 1.7C) 275 6 3F (135.0 6 1.7C)Canadian uncoated 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) 200 6 3F (93.3 6 1.7C)Canadian coated 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) 200 6 3F (93.3 6 1.7C)AAll versions use the same wheel speed, load conditions, and test procedures,which are

44、 described in Section 10.BBoth Canadian test versions typically used for evaluation of 75W lubricants.D 6121 08a14A7. L-37 TEST REPORT FORMS and DATA DICTIONARYA7.1 The required report forms and data dictionary areavailable on the ASTM Test Monitoring Center web page athttp:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu/, or

45、 they can be obtained inhardcopy format from the TMC.Form 0 Test Report CoverForm 1 Test Result Summary PageForm 2 Gear Tooth Surface ConditionForm 3 Operational Summary SheetForm 4 Operational Summary SheetForm 5 Operational Validity SummaryA8. TEST VALIDITY CALCULATION AND LIMITSA8.1 For a test to

46、 be operationally valid it shall not exceedthe limits on unscheduled downtime and deviation from criticaloperating parameters.A8.2 Downtime LimitsA8.2.1 During the warm-ups of the gear conditioning andtest phases of the test, there is no limit on number ofoccurrences.A8.2.2 During the test, a maximu

47、m number of two down-time occurrences are permitted in addition to the shutdownbetween the gear conditioning and gear test phases.A8.3 Deviation from Test Operating ParametersA8.3.1 Axle sump temperature, wheel speed, and wheeltorque are considered critical operating parameters for this testmethod.A

48、8.3.2 The percent deviation of these parameters is calcu-lated as follows:% 5(abs amount out of specification!1/2 specification range(A8.1)3out of specification, htest length, h3 100A8.3.3 Areading out of specification using once-every-hourdata recording is considered to be out for the full hour unl

49、essotherwise documented.A8.3.4 The deviation percentages for the critical operatingparameters are shown in Table A8.1.A8.3.5 The test is considered invalid if the axle oil tempera-ture reaches 325F (162.7C) any time during the test.A8.3.6 Calculate axle oil temperature percent deviationafter 294F (145.6C) is reached for the gear conditioningphase.A9. GEAR RATING RULESA9.1 Additional descriptions have been developed to aidthe rater in accurately assessing the distress on the ring gearand pinion following the c