1、Designation: D6137 97 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forSulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue GasDesulfurization Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acidresistance at elevated temper
3、atures of polymer linings appliedto carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered st
4、andard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refer
5、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelC868 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of ProtectiveLiningsD660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method f
6、or Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardne
7、ss of OrganicCoatingsD4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness ofProtective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning MeansD4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of SurfaceProfile of Blast Cleaned SteelD5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Non-conductive Protecti
8、ve Coating on Metallic Substrates2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Standards4SSPC VIS 189 Visual StandardSSPC No. SP5 Blast Cleaning to White Metal3. Significance and Use3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used incombination with other test methods for the selection of alining fo
9、r surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systemsthat will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbedgas that has been reheated well above the water dew point.3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areaswithin the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures ator b
10、elow the water dew point.3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combinedeffects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a liningsystem as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does notproduce the thermal gradient through the lining that may existin actual applications. Actual lining p
11、erformance may also beaffected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and otherchemicals that may be present in the flue gas.3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes oflinings applied to square test panels that are cycled from roomtemperature to a designated elevated temperature.3.4
12、The recommended test temperatures of 200F (93C)and 350F (177C) are based on typical maximum operatingzone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Othertemperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lowertemperatures, including freezing, may be considered if appli-cable.1This test me
13、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 onProtective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining for FGD Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved 199
14、7. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6137 97 (2004). DOI:10.1520/D6137-97R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
16、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %,recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to theequilibrium at the selected test temperature.4. Apparatus4.1 Forced Air Circulation Oven, capable of maintaining theselected test tempe
17、rature 64 F (2C). Note that acid fumesmay damage the oven and a drip pan and protective shroudmay be needed.4.2 Rack or Stand, to support the test panels vertically in theoven while maintaining a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)between the panels and between the panels and oven walls.5. Test Speci
18、men5.1 Substrate:5.1.1 Test panels shall be new commercial quality, carbonsteel conforming to Specification A36/A36M. Panels shall be aminimum of14-in. (6-mm) thick, and 8-in. (200-mm) square,and shall have their edges broken or radiused if the lining is tobe wrapped over the edges of the panel.5.1.
19、2 These test panels are large enough and rigid enoughfor linings and coatings up to14-in. thick. For thicker linings,the test panels shall be at least 32 times the lining thickness inheight and width.5.1.3 Two control test panels shall be prepared for eachlining system tested. One shall be cycled be
20、tween the selectedtemperatures without exposure to acid. The second shall bemaintained at laboratory conditions without exposure to eitherelevated temperature or acid.5.2 Preparation:5.2.1 Prepare one side of each panel in accordance withSteel Structures Painting Council SSPC No. SP 5 to the degreeo
21、f cleanliness represented in SPC VIS 189 . Clean, new,angular abrasive shall be used. The surface profile shall be asrecommended by the lining manufacturer. Determine andrecord the average profile depth in accordance with PracticeD4417, Method A using a visual surface profile comparator ormethod B.
22、using a tape replica.5.2.2 Apply the lining to the prepared surface of the testpanels in a manner as closely simulating field application aspossible and in accordance with the manufacturers recommen-dations. Record the manufacturers batch numbers, manufac-turing dates, mixing method, mixing time, an
23、d method ofapplication.5.2.3 The lining may be terminated at the edges of the panelor may be wrapped around the panel edges.5.2.4 The lining thickness shall be as specified by themanufacturer.5.2.5 The lined surface of the panel may be scribed orscored to form a vertical “v” groove down to the steel
24、substrate. The groove, if used, shall be 2-in. (50-cm.) long andcentered on the panel and shall be done as soon as practicalwithout damage to the lining.5.3 Specimen Measurements:5.3.1 Determine the thickness of the lining material using anappropriate dry-film thickness gage in accordance with TestM
25、ethods D1186. Thickness measurements shall be done on agrid of 2 in. in both directions starting at a point 1 in. (2.5 cm.)from the side and 1 in. from the top of the panel. The sixteenindividual readings and average thickness shall be recorded.5.3.2 Test the lined surface for holidays in accordance
26、 withPractice D5162. Mark the exact location of any holidays. If thepanel will be scribed, perform the holiday test before scribing.Repair the holidays in accordance with the lining manufactur-ers recommendations or prepare a new panel.5.4 Conditioning of Test Panels:5.4.1 Condition test panels for
27、a period of 7 days at 73 64F (23 6 2C). Additional conditioning of test panels,including longer cure times or elevated cure temperature, maybe conducted if specified. Conditioning time and temperatureshall be recorded and stated in the test report.6. Procedure6.1 Preheat the oven to the required tes
28、t temperature of200F (93C) or 350F (177C) unless otherwise specified.6.2 Immerse the lower portion of the test panel(s) in a 20 %solution (by volume) of sulfuric acid at laboratory temperatureof 73 6 4F for 1 h. The upper 4 in. (10 cm.) shall remainabove the fluid level.6.3 Remove the test panel(s)
29、and allow to dry for approxi-mately 15 min in a vertical position at laboratory temperature.6.4 Place the test panel(s) in the preheated oven in a verticalposition such that there is a minimum 1-in. (25-mm) spacebetween the panels and between the panels and the oven walls.Panel(s) shall remain in th
30、e oven for 16 6 1h.6.5 Remove the panel(s) at the end of each exposure period.Place the panels in a vertical position with a minimum of oneinch space between panel(s) and allow them to cool atlaboratory temperature for 4 to 6 h.6.6 Repeat the cycle (6.2 through 6.5).6.6.1 After 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and
31、30 cycles, evaluate the panelsin accordance with Section 7 and record the results.6.6.2 The test may be terminated after 30 cycles or at someother time depending on panel condition and test objectives.7. Panel Evaluation7.1 Visually inspect the lining surface of all panels beforethe test exposure fo
32、r the presence of voids and cracks, and forblisters or loss of adhesion as described in 7.3.7.1.1 Any effects related to and limited to the edges of thepanel should be so noted, since they may not representperformance in actual applications.7.2 Measure and record thickness of the lining in accor-dan
33、ce with 5.3.1.7.3 The panel should be examined for the following effects:7.3.1 Blistering should be evaluated in accordance with TestMethod D714 and recorded.7.3.2 Hardness should be evaluated in accordance with TestMethod D1474 and recorded.7.3.3 Some linings may not give clear visual indication of
34、blisters. Blisters may be detected by lightly tapping the surfaceof the lining with a fingernail or small metal object. Where ablister or loss of adhesion has occurred, the sound will changefrom a solid tap to a more hollow sound. The apparent edges ofD6137 97 (2012)2a blistered or delaminated area
35、or any other heat caused defectsuch as pinholing or cratering should be recorded as to exactlocation.7.3.4 The lining shall be examined for cracking, checking,and flaking, and the results recorded. Test Method D661 forcracking, D660 for checking and D772 for flaking may bereferred to for visual rati
36、ngs.7.4 For the final evaluation, the lining shall be forciblyremoved from an area of the panel approximately 1 by 2 in.(2.5 cm by 50 cm) using a knife or hammer and chisel toqualitatively evaluate adhesion and condition of the substrate.This procedure will also determine whether blistering or loss
37、ofadhesion occurred between coats or at the surface of thesubstrate.7.4.1 The surface of the lining shall be scored and evaluatedin accordance with Test Methods D4138 to determine theapparent depth of discoloration due to acid attack.7.4.2 In addition, if the panel was scribed, an area of thelining
38、adjacent to the scribe shall be pried or chiseled off todetermine the extent of undercutting, both above and below theliquid level.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Lining manufacturers name, product designation,batch numbers, and generic type,8.1.2 Description of panel preparation
39、 including the result-ing depth of profile and degree of cleanliness,8.1.3 A description of equipment and procedures used inapplication of the lining,8.1.4 Curing/Conditioning procedure,8.1.5 Results of visual inspections and thicknessmeasurements,8.1.6 Test temperature,8.1.7 The results of each int
40、erim inspection as outlined inSection 7, and8.1.8 The final evaluation shall include an appraisal of theadhesion of the lining in accordance with 7.4 and the depth ofsurface discoloration.9. Precision and Bias9.1 This test method is as specific as possible in establishingreproducible methods and pro
41、cedures. Final test results andreport however, depend upon visual observations and subjec-tive evaluation.10. Keywords10.1 adhesion; blistering; chemical resistance; cracking;flue gas desulfurization; heat resistance; polymer linings;sulfuric acid; thermal effectsASTM International takes no position
42、 respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.T
43、his standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM In
44、ternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address show
45、n below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6137 97 (2012)3
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