1、Designation: D6157 97 (Reapproved 2017)1Standard Practice forDetermining the Performance of Oil/Water SeparatorsSubjected to a Sudden Release1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe Keywords Section was added editorially in December 2017.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes
3、 the testing procedure, any nec-essary related apparatus, and the sampling technique to be usedin determining the performance characteristics of an oil/waterseparator subjected to the sudden release of a relatively largequantity of hydrocarbons that may appear in its influent in pureform or at high
4、concentration.1.2 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjectedto surface run-off resulting from rain water draining fromimproved or unimproved land. In this case, refer to PracticeD6104.1.3 This practice does not address the d
5、etermination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjectedto a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by apump.1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of theseparator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit ortree leaves.1.5 While the effluen
6、t may meet code requirements for totaloil and grease content, this practice does not address thepresence of soluble organics, that is, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEXs) that may be detected in theeffluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects ofdetergents, surfactan
7、ts, soaps or any water soluble matter (thatis, salts) or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter thatmay be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certainwater soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated byadding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-tions.)1.6 In or
8、der to estimate the effect of water temperature onthe performance of the separator, the tests described in thispractice must be performed at two water temperatures. Theselected temperatures must be at least 10C (18F) apart, withthe temperature ranging from a minimum of 0C (32F) to amaximum of 50C (1
9、22F).1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for thevariation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer toAppendix X1 for further detail.1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density2of 845 kg/m3(52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2of 1.
10、9 to 4.1 centistokes at40C (104F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density (SeeSAE J313) of 930 kg/m3(58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5C (60F) and aviscosity (see SAE J306) of 13.5 to 24 centistokes at 100C(212F) as the comparative testing media. It is understood thatthe results obtained from this practice are o
11、nly directlyapplicable to No. 2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for thetested concentrations and only careful interpolation orextrapolation, or both, is allowed to other hydrocarbons. Lowviscosity or high density hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons thatcontain a larger fraction of highly soluble compou
12、nds mayneed to be tested separately.NOTE 1No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent oreffluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear.Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, theseparator shall be tested for that specific condition.
13、In addition, linearitymust be established prior to using linear interpolation.1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocar-bon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits onoil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.However, a standardized means for mix
14、ing oil and water shallbe specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted howeverthat smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volumeratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (GuideF933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than orequal to 50 m and IMO
15、MEPC 60 (30) does not mention anyparticle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsioncausing chemicals.)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Curr
16、ent edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6157 97 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D6157-97R17E01.2Bolz, R. E., and Tuve, G. L., CRC Handbook of Tables for Applied EngineeringScience, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 1991.Copyright A
17、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International St
18、andards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend tosimulate the performance of a separator subjected to a suddenrelease, they do not cover all possible applications. It is
19、 the endusers responsibility to determine whether his separation re-quirements are within the scope of this practice.1.11 A product different from the general description hereinmay be tested and found to be in compliance with theperformance criteria set forth.1.12 The values stated in SI units are t
20、o be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
21、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-iza
22、tion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3370 Practices fo
23、r Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4281 Test Method for Oil and Grease (Fluorocarbon Ex-tractable Substances) by Gravimetric Determination(Withdrawn 2012)4D6104 Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to Surface Run-OffF933 Guide for Evaluation of Oil Water Sepa
24、ration Systemsfor Spilled Oil Recovery Applications (Discontinued2001) (Withdrawn 2001)42.2 EPA Standards:5EPA-413.1 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020EPA-413.2 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020EPA-1664 H-Hexane Extractable Materia
25、l (HEM) and SilicaGel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM)by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and TotalPetroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-95 Edition)52.3 SAE Standards:6SAE J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscos-ity ClassificationSAE J313 Surfa
26、ce Vehicle Recommended Practice (R)Diesel Fuels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration, nthe certified evaluation of the accuracyof a measuring instrument as per
27、formed by its manufacturer oran independent licensed or accredited third party.3.2.2 contaminated run-off, nrain water which has col-lected oily contaminants from the surfaces it came in contactwith and which may appear in the influent to a separator.Unlike a release, the level of contamination in t
28、his case is muchlower.3.2.3 effluent, nthe aqueous release from a separator.3.2.4 flow totalizer, na counter, usually attached to a flowmeter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that hasflowed through over a given time period.3.2.5 influent, nthe oily aqueous input to a separator.3.2.6 oil
29、y discharge, nany release of oily contaminantsinto the environment that exceeds the allowable limit.3.2.7 re-entrainment, nthe condition in which the level ofcontamination of the effluent water of a separator containing oilis higher than the influent contamination level due to internalremixing. This
30、 definition usually applies to situations whereclean water passes through a separator that already containsHydrocarbons stored within and atop the water so as to form aninterface.3.2.8 release, nany sudden discharge of an oily substancefrom vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, o
31、rtransfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, dikedareas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in theinfluent to a separator.3.2.9 separator, na flow through primary treatment devicethe primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice e
32、valuates a separators ability to inhibit asudden release from escaping into its effluent. For this, aquantity of hydrocarbon constituting at least the rated oilstorage capacity of the separator is released at the separatorsrated flow for the test conditions, either in pure form or mixedwith water to
33、 form a 500 000-mg/L concentration. It is thenimmediately followed with fresh water. The correspondingeffluent hydrocarbon content is determined by obtaining andanalyzing grab samples.4.2 The data generated in this practice are considered validfor the separators tested only. However, the results of
34、these3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard i
35、s referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), WilliamJefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,http:/www.epa.gov.6Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.D61
36、57 97 (2017)12tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separatorsprovided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude aremaintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,that size unit must be subjected to testing.4.3 Other concentrations and quantities of hydrocarbonsmay
37、 be used. However, this shall be noted in the report andwhen referencing this practice.4.4 For the purpose of this test, the water temperatureshould be between 50F and 70F and the pH of the waterbetween 6 and 9.5. Significance and Use5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementationof water qua
38、lity standards and contamination limits for a widerange of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, theEPA, in 40 CFR Ch. 1, prohibits “the discharges of oil thatcause a film or sheen upon or cause discoloration of the surfaceof the water. . .” Several state and local agencies have adopted
39、this statement in addition to setting concentration limits, that is,15 mg/L or even 5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is toevaluate the performance of a separator in regards to theregulations and user requirements when subject to a suddenrelease. The sudden release may occur in dry weather and lo
40、calpersonnel may attempt to hose the contaminated area down orit may occur on a rainy day and enter the separator mixed inwith the runoff.5.2 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator is simply runoff from contaminated rainwater. Forthis case, see Practice D6104.5.3 This practice
41、 is not applicable if the influent to aseparator is conveyed by a pumping means.6. Test Set-Up and Apparatus6.1 Water SupplyThe water supply can be either a watermain, a water reservoir and a pump, or an elevated storage tankcapable of providing the volume and flow rate of waternecessary for a test
42、run as described in the procedure. If eithera storage tank or reservoir is used, it is suggested that thevolume be at least three times the liquid volume of theseparator.6.1.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe water supplyshould be equipped with a calibrated means of indicating thetotal volume of wat
43、er dispensed, that is, a flow totalizer or asight glass. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.1.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe water supply must also beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates, or ve
44、nturis, to within 5 % of the desired value.6.2 Oil SupplyThe oil supply can be either a reservoirwith a pump or an elevated storage tank. It should be largeenough to store the quantity of oil required for the test.6.2.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe oil storage tankshould be equipped with a calib
45、rated sight glass or flowtotalizer. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.2.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe oil supply should also beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates, or venturis, to within 5 %
46、 of the desired value.NOTE 2If the separator is to be fed by gravity, the oil storage tankmust be elevated above the water storage tank and the piping sized so asto help equalize static head. Elevating the oil storage tank 20 % higherthan the water storage tank may help equalize hydrostatic head bet
47、weenthe oil and water tanks by adjusting for the difference in specific gravity.6.3 SeparatorA separator with an outlet pipe extendingfar enough to allow grab sampling as described in PracticesD3370.6.4 MixerA means for mixing the hydrocarbons with thewater consisting of a commercially available hor
48、izontal PVCpipe section with a minimum surface roughness of 0.00015 cm(0.000005 ft) having a length of at least 20 diameters with oneend connected directly to the inlet of the separator. An oilinjection port shall be provided at the other end of the pipe andat its bottom portion and shall not extend
49、 into the pipe morethan one third its diameter in order to prevent stratification.7The pipe diameter shall be selected such that it runs full and ata Reynolds number, based on its hydraulic diameter, in excessof 70 000 and a velocity in excess of 1 m/s (3.28 ft/s) withwater being the liquid medium. The injection port diametershall be sized to be capable of providing the hydrocarbons intothe pipe, at the higher test concentration, an injection velocityapproximately in excess of 1 m/s.6.5 Influent Sampling PortAn influent sampling port for
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