1、Designation: D6184 16D6184 17Standard Test Method forOil Separation from Lubricating Grease (Conical SieveMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe conical sieve method for m
3、easuring leakage from lubricating grease (commonly known as thecone bleed test) uses the same equipment as the obsolete, withdrawn Federal FED-STD-791C (FederalTest Method (FTM) 791C791C) Method 321.3, Oil Separation from Lubricating Grease (StaticTechnique). Despite the lack of a precision statemen
4、t, Method 321.3 was used for many years inspecifications to evaluate the tendencies of base fluid separation from military and industrial greases.Test Method D6184 supersedes the FTM method by overcoming deficiencies of Method 321.3. Itincludes the procedures and precision determinations resultant f
5、rom a cooperative study conducted byparticipating members of Subcommittee D02.G0 of Committee D02.D02.G0.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature.This test method shall be conducted at 100 C for 30 h unles
6、s other conditions are required by the grease specification.1.2 This test method is suitable for use with most all greases, but the test precision was established using greases having canbe used on any grease with a worked penetration (Test Methods D217) greater than 220220 mm10 (NLGI No. 3 grade) a
7、nd lessthan 340Consistency Number 3 or softer). However, no precision data exists for greases with a penetration greater than 340 mm(NLGI No. 1 grade).10 (softer than NLGI Consistency Number 1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The term 60 mesh was originally describe
8、d in the nowwithdrawnis used to describe the wire mesh E437 standard. It is used to describe the wireused. This unit was described in thewithdrawn E437 mesh becausestandard and there is no exact metric equivalent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associat
9、ed with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizat
10、ionestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating G
11、reaseD1742 Test Method for Oil Separation from Lubricating Grease During StorageE437 Specification for Industrial Wire Cloth and Screens (Square Opening Series) (Discontinued 2000) Replaced by E 2016(Withdrawn 2000)31 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Produ
12、cts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.03 on Physical TestsCurrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published September 2016June 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 asD6184 14.D6184 16. DOI: 10.1520
13、/D6184-16.10.1520/D6184-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of thi
14、s historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accu
15、rately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Government Standard (Withdrawn):Federal Test Method (FTM) 791C 321.3,FED-STD-791C Oil Lubricants, Liquid Fuels, and Related Products; Methods ofTesting, Method 321.3 “Oil Separation from Lubricating Greases (Static Technique)Wi
17、thdrawn Technique),” WithdrawnNovember 200743. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease, na semifluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by su
18、rface tension and otherphysical forces. Other ingredients imparting special properties are often included. D2173.1.2 oil separation, nthe appearance of a liquid fraction from an otherwise homogeneous lubricating composition. D17423.1.3 thickener, nin a lubricating grease, a substance composed of fin
19、ely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant toform the products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which areinsoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubri
20、cant. The general requirements are that the solid particles beextremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant D2174. Summary of Test Method4.1 The weighed sample is placed in a cone-shaped, wire-cloth sieve, suspended in
21、a beaker, then heated under static conditionsfor the specified time and temperature. Unless otherwise required by the grease specification, the sample is tested at standardconditions of 100 C 6 0.5 C for 30 h 6 0.25 h. The separated oil is weighed and reported as a percentage of the mass of thestart
22、ing test sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 When lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material may change in consistency, which can affect the ability of theproduct to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies ofgre
23、ase under dynamic service conditions.5.2 This test method is used for specifications and quality control.6. Apparatus6.1 Test ApparatusThe assembled apparatus consists of a cone-shaped sieve constructed of 60 mesh, corrosion-resistant wirecloth, a 200 mL tall-form beaker without spout, and a closely
24、 fitting cover with a hook in the center. Construction details anddimensions are shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 The conical sieve shall be fabricated of stainless steel, monel, or nickel wire cloth, of No. 60 medium-heavy mesh asdefined in Table 2 of Specification E437 and shall be fabricated to the dimensio
25、ns and requirements shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 1Sieves of stapled or wire-bound construction, instead of silver-soldered construction, have been used in the past. Such sieves do not conformto this test method.6.2 Oven, capable of maintaining the specified temperature, 100 C 6 0.5 C.6.3 Balance, having a m
26、inimum capacity of 250 g and a sensitivity of at least 0.01 g.7. Sampling7.1 Examine the sample for any indication of non-homogeneity such as oil separation, phase changes, or gross contamination.If any abnormal conditions are found, obtain a new sample.7.2 The sample submitted for analysis should b
27、e minimally sufficient for duplicate testing.7.3 Although the mass of the test grease is determined, the sieve is filled by volume rather than mass. Each test will require aquantity sufficient to fill the sieve to approximately the same level as indicated in Fig. 1 (about 10 mL). Approximately the s
28、amevolume shall be used for each test regardless of the grease density; the mass will range from about 8 g to 12 g.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.online at ASSIST QuickSearch (http:/quicksearch.dla.
29、mil).D6184 1728. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Carefully clean the sieve, beaker, and cover, by wiping with a suitable solvent. Allow the sieve to air dry. See Note 2.NOTE 2Use of an ultrasonic solvent bath has been found helpful in cleaning the sieve.8.2 Inspect the sieve to make certain that it is c
30、lean and free of deposits that could affect the passage of oil. It shall be free ofany screen irregularities such as tears, dents, creases, or enlarged or diminished openings.9. Procedure9.1 Preheat the oven to test temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted at standard con
31、ditions of 100 C6 0.5 C for 30 h 6 0.25 h.9.2 Weigh the beaker to within 0.01 g, Wi.9.3 Tare the assembled apparatus consisting of the sieve, cover, and beaker as shown in Fig. 1 to the nearest 0.01 g.9.4 With a suitable spatula, fill the cone sieve with sufficient grease to approximate the level sh
32、own in Fig. 1, being careful toavoid inclusion of air. Exercise care not to force grease through the screen. Smooth and shape the top of the grease into a slightlyconvex surface to prevent trapping free oil.9.5 Assemble the entire apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g. Calcul
33、ate the mass of the grease bydifference, G.9.6 Place the assembled apparatus in the oven for the specified time and temperature.9.7 Remove the apparatus from the oven and cool to room temperature. Remove the cone from the beaker, tapping it gentlyagainst the inside of the beaker to take off any oil
34、adhering to its tip. Weigh the beaker containing the collected oil to the nearest0.01 g, Wf.9.8 Soon after completion of the test, clean the apparatus (Section 8) in preparation for subsequent testing.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the oil separation as the percentage separated from the original samp
35、le as follows:oil separation,%5W f 2WiG 3100 (1)where:Wi = mass of the beaker before heating,Wf = mass of the beaker after heating, andNOTE 1Dimensions are provided in millimetres (with in./lb. units in parentheses) as follows:A 38.1 0.3 (1.50 0.01) radiusB 27.0 0.3 (1.06 0.01) heightC 70 (2.8) appr
36、oximately (to fit beaker)D 9.7 3.3 (0.38 0.13) lengthE 100 (4) approximatelyF 36 (1.4) approximatelyFIG. 1 Cone Fabrication and Test SetupD6184 173G = mass of the grease tested.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Grease identity,11.1.2 Test date,11.1.3 Test temperature and duratio
37、n, and11.1.4 Oil separation, nearest 0.1 %.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionEight cooperators tested eight greases for leakage in a cooperative program conducted in accordance with thedesign-of-experiments described in RR:D02-1007.5 All tests were run in duplicate. The total range of results were
38、 from 0.1 % to23.7 % leakage (see Table 1).12.2 The precision of the percent oil separation as determined by this test method was obtained in accordance with ADJ6300(D2PP software).612.3 The repeatability and reproducibility of the test method as determined by statistical examination of the interlab
39、oratoryresults are as follows:12.3.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test results, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus underconstant specified operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of thetest method, exce
40、ed the following values only in 1 case in 20:repeatability,%oil separation51.1513M!0.5 (2)where:M = mean of two determinations.12.3.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single and independent results by two different operators working indifferent laboratories on identical test material would,
41、 in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following values only in 1 case in 20:reproducibility,%oil separation51.5173M!0.5 (3)whereM = mean of two determinations.12.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring the oil separation from lubricating grease has no bias bec
42、ause the value of the oil lossis defined only in terms of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 cone-bleed test; leakage; lubricating grease; oil bleed; oil separation5 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007.6 Avai
43、lable from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJ6300.TABLE 1 Precision Values for Several Oil Separation PercentagesOil Separation, % Repeatability Reproducibility1 1.15 1.515 2.57 3.3910 3.64 4.7920 5.15 6.78D6184 174SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.G0 has identified the location
44、 of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D6184 16) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May, 1, 2017.)(1) Revised the Introduction and subsections 1.2, 1.3, and 2.2.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.G0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard
45、 since the last issue(D6184 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2016.)(1) Revised the Introduction.(2) Updated subsection 2.2.(3) Deleted former Note 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
46、mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commit
47、tee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meet
48、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
49、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 175
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